In this work, with the analysis on MO and electronic structure for a series of heteronuclear cluster with cubane type (Mo4S1 )xMn1(x=1.2. M = Cu, W, Ni, Sb, Mo, Sn, Cu2) we found that it is with the multiple center d-...In this work, with the analysis on MO and electronic structure for a series of heteronuclear cluster with cubane type (Mo4S1 )xMn1(x=1.2. M = Cu, W, Ni, Sb, Mo, Sn, Cu2) we found that it is with the multiple center d-pir orbitals that the ligand Mo3S44+ bonds to the M atom to form these class clusters. It is revealed that the charges transfer from the M atom to Mo atom of the ligand Mo3S44+ and its relationship with the MC (multiple center) d-pπ orbitals. Based on the charge transfer the electronic spectrum and the magnetic property of some cubane clusters have been discussed.展开更多
The function mechanism of Sb（V） in As, Sb and Bi impurities removal from copper electrolyte was investigated by adding Sb（V） ion in a synthetic copper electrolyte containing 45 g/L Cu2＋, 185 g/L H2SO4, 10 g/L As ...The function mechanism of Sb（V） in As, Sb and Bi impurities removal from copper electrolyte was investigated by adding Sb（V） ion in a synthetic copper electrolyte containing 45 g/L Cu2＋, 185 g/L H2SO4, 10 g/L As and 0.5 g/L Bi. The electrolyte was filtered, and the precipitate structure, morphology and composition were characterized by chemical analysis, SEM, TEM, EDS, XRD and FTIR. The results show that the precipitate is in the shape of many irregular lumps with size of 50-200 μm, and it mainly consists of As, Sb, Bi and O elements. The main characteristic bands in the FTIR spectra of the precipitate are As-O-As, As-O-Sb, Sb-O-Bi, Sb-O-Sb and Bi-O-Bi. The precipitate is the mixture of microcrystalline of AsSbO4, BiSbO4 and Bi3SbO7 by XRD and electronic diffraction. The removal of As, Sb and Bi impurities by Sb（V） ion can be mainly ascribed to the formation of antimonate in copper electrolytes.展开更多
The exploration of efficient electrocatalysts for the reduction of CO2 to C2H4 is of significant importance but is also a challenging subject.Cu-based bimetallic catalysts are extremely promising for efficient CO2 red...The exploration of efficient electrocatalysts for the reduction of CO2 to C2H4 is of significant importance but is also a challenging subject.Cu-based bimetallic catalysts are extremely promising for efficient CO2 reduction.In this work,we synthesize a series of porous bimetallic Cu–Sb alloys with different compositions for the catalytic reduction of CO2 to C2H4.It is demonstrated that the alloy catalysts are much more efficient than the pure Cu catalyst.The performance of the alloy catalysts depended strongly on the composition.Further,the alloy with a Cu:Sb ratio of 10:1 yielded the best results;it exhibited a high C2H4 Faradaic efficiency of 49.7%and a high current density of 28.5 mA cm?2 at?1.19 V vs.a reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE)in 0.1 M KCl solution.To the best of our knowledge,the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to C2H4 using Cu–Sb alloys as catalysts has not been reported.The excellent performance of the porous alloy catalyst is attributed to its favorable electronic configuration,large surface area,high CO2 adsorption rate,and fast charge transfer rate.展开更多
This work investigated the reaction mechanism of Sb in copper smelting process. The difference of multi-phase distribution of Sb in four typical copper smelting processes was analyzed. A multi-phase equilibrium model ...This work investigated the reaction mechanism of Sb in copper smelting process. The difference of multi-phase distribution of Sb in four typical copper smelting processes was analyzed. A multi-phase equilibrium model of the oxygen-enriched bottom-blow copper smelting process was developed. The impacts of Cu, S, and Sb concentrations in raw materials on Sb distribution in multiphases were researched. This model was also used to investigate the effect of process factors such as copper matte grade, oxygen-enriched concentration, smelting temperature, and oxygen/ore ratio(ratio of oxygen flow rate under standard conditions to concentrate charge rate) on Sb distribution behavior. The results showed that calculation data were in good agreement with the actual production results and literature data. Increasing the Cu content and decreasing the S and Sb contents in the concentrate, increasing the copper matte grade, oxygen/enriched concentration, and oxygen-ore ratio, and at the same time appropriately reducing the smelting temperature are conducive to the targeted enrichment of Sb into the slag. Modeling results can provide theoretical guidance for the clean and efficient treatment of complex resources and the comprehensive recycling of associated elements.展开更多
Removal of Sb（V） from copper electrolyte by different sorbents such as activated carbon, bentonite, kaolin, resin, zeolite and white sand was investigated. Adsorption capacity of Sb（V） removal from copper electrol...Removal of Sb（V） from copper electrolyte by different sorbents such as activated carbon, bentonite, kaolin, resin, zeolite and white sand was investigated. Adsorption capacity of Sb（V） removal from copper electrolyte was as follows： white sand 〈 anionic resin 〈 zeolite 〈 kaolin 〈 activated carbon 〈 bentonite. Bentonite was characterized using FTIR, XRF, XRD, SEM and BET methods. The results show specific surface area of 95 m2/g and particles size of 175 nm for bentonite. The optimum conditions for the maximum removal of Sb are contact time 10 min, 4 g bentonite and temperature of 40 ° C. The adsorption of Sb（V） on bentonite is followed by pseudo-second-order kinetic （R2=0.996 and k=9×10？5 g/（mg· min））. Thermodynamic results reveal that the adsorption of Sb（V） onto bentonite from copper electrolyte is endothermic and spontaneous process （ΔGΘ=？4806 kJ/（mol· K）. The adsorption data fit both the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. Bentonite has the maximum adsorption capacity of 10000 mg/g for adsorption of Sb（V） in copper electrolyte. The adsorption of Zn, Co, Cu and Bi that present in the copper electrolyte is very low and insignificant.展开更多
Dimeric complex 〔Cu(SbPh 3) 2I〕 2 has been synthesized by a solid state reaction at a low heating temperature and its crystal structure has been analyzed by X ray crystallography. The crystal is monoclinic, space gr...Dimeric complex 〔Cu(SbPh 3) 2I〕 2 has been synthesized by a solid state reaction at a low heating temperature and its crystal structure has been analyzed by X ray crystallography. The crystal is monoclinic, space group P2 1/a (#14), a = 20 436(5), b=14.125(3), c=24.683(3) , β=110.67(1)°, Z=4, V =6666(2) 3; C 72 H 60 Sb 4I 2Cu 2, M r = 1792, D c = 1.787 g·cm -3 , μ (Mo Kα ) = 31.88 cm -1 , F(000)=3440, R= 0.038 and R w= 0.043 for 5632 observed reflections ( I≥3.0σ(I) ) and 361 refined parameters. The result reveals the copper and the bridging iodide atoms form an approximately planar rhomboid array. Effects of the bulkiness of the ligands upon the structures of the analogous complexes are discussed.\;展开更多
The modelling and optimization for the alkaline sulphide leaching of a complex copper concentrate containing 1.69% Sb and 0.14% Sn were studied.Response surface methodology,in combination with central composite face-c...The modelling and optimization for the alkaline sulphide leaching of a complex copper concentrate containing 1.69% Sb and 0.14% Sn were studied.Response surface methodology,in combination with central composite face-centred design（RSM-CCF）,was used to optimise the operating parameters.The leaching temperature,sulphide ion concentration and solid concentration were chosen as the variables,and the response parameters were antimony and tin recovery,and the time required to achieve 90% Sb dissolution.It was confirmed that the leaching process was strongly dependent on the reaction temperature as well as the sulphide ion concentration without any significant dependence on the solid concentration.Furthermore,a mathematical model was constructed to characterise the leaching behaviour.The results from the model allow identification of the most favourable leaching conditions.The model was validated experimentally,and the results show that the model is reliable and accurate in predicting the leaching process.展开更多
文摘In this work, with the analysis on MO and electronic structure for a series of heteronuclear cluster with cubane type (Mo4S1 )xMn1(x=1.2. M = Cu, W, Ni, Sb, Mo, Sn, Cu2) we found that it is with the multiple center d-pir orbitals that the ligand Mo3S44+ bonds to the M atom to form these class clusters. It is revealed that the charges transfer from the M atom to Mo atom of the ligand Mo3S44+ and its relationship with the MC (multiple center) d-pπ orbitals. Based on the charge transfer the electronic spectrum and the magnetic property of some cubane clusters have been discussed.
基金Project(50904023)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2010B450001)supported by the Natural Science Fund of Department of Education of Henan Province,ChinaProject(092300410064)supported by the Basic and Frontier Technologies Research Projects of Henan Province,China
文摘The function mechanism of Sb（V） in As, Sb and Bi impurities removal from copper electrolyte was investigated by adding Sb（V） ion in a synthetic copper electrolyte containing 45 g/L Cu2＋, 185 g/L H2SO4, 10 g/L As and 0.5 g/L Bi. The electrolyte was filtered, and the precipitate structure, morphology and composition were characterized by chemical analysis, SEM, TEM, EDS, XRD and FTIR. The results show that the precipitate is in the shape of many irregular lumps with size of 50-200 μm, and it mainly consists of As, Sb, Bi and O elements. The main characteristic bands in the FTIR spectra of the precipitate are As-O-As, As-O-Sb, Sb-O-Bi, Sb-O-Sb and Bi-O-Bi. The precipitate is the mixture of microcrystalline of AsSbO4, BiSbO4 and Bi3SbO7 by XRD and electronic diffraction. The removal of As, Sb and Bi impurities by Sb（V） ion can be mainly ascribed to the formation of antimonate in copper electrolytes.
文摘The exploration of efficient electrocatalysts for the reduction of CO2 to C2H4 is of significant importance but is also a challenging subject.Cu-based bimetallic catalysts are extremely promising for efficient CO2 reduction.In this work,we synthesize a series of porous bimetallic Cu–Sb alloys with different compositions for the catalytic reduction of CO2 to C2H4.It is demonstrated that the alloy catalysts are much more efficient than the pure Cu catalyst.The performance of the alloy catalysts depended strongly on the composition.Further,the alloy with a Cu:Sb ratio of 10:1 yielded the best results;it exhibited a high C2H4 Faradaic efficiency of 49.7%and a high current density of 28.5 mA cm?2 at?1.19 V vs.a reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE)in 0.1 M KCl solution.To the best of our knowledge,the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to C2H4 using Cu–Sb alloys as catalysts has not been reported.The excellent performance of the porous alloy catalyst is attributed to its favorable electronic configuration,large surface area,high CO2 adsorption rate,and fast charge transfer rate.
基金the financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51904351,51620105013,U20A20273)the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2018YFC1900306,2019YFC1907400)+1 种基金the Major Science and Technology Innovation Project of Shandong Province,China(No.2019JZZY010404)the Innovation Driven Project of Central South University,China(No.2020CX028)。
文摘This work investigated the reaction mechanism of Sb in copper smelting process. The difference of multi-phase distribution of Sb in four typical copper smelting processes was analyzed. A multi-phase equilibrium model of the oxygen-enriched bottom-blow copper smelting process was developed. The impacts of Cu, S, and Sb concentrations in raw materials on Sb distribution in multiphases were researched. This model was also used to investigate the effect of process factors such as copper matte grade, oxygen-enriched concentration, smelting temperature, and oxygen/ore ratio(ratio of oxygen flow rate under standard conditions to concentrate charge rate) on Sb distribution behavior. The results showed that calculation data were in good agreement with the actual production results and literature data. Increasing the Cu content and decreasing the S and Sb contents in the concentrate, increasing the copper matte grade, oxygen/enriched concentration, and oxygen-ore ratio, and at the same time appropriately reducing the smelting temperature are conducive to the targeted enrichment of Sb into the slag. Modeling results can provide theoretical guidance for the clean and efficient treatment of complex resources and the comprehensive recycling of associated elements.
基金Kerman-Sarcheshmeh copper electrorefining(Iran)and Islamic Azad University,Yazd Brunch for support to carry out this work
文摘Removal of Sb（V） from copper electrolyte by different sorbents such as activated carbon, bentonite, kaolin, resin, zeolite and white sand was investigated. Adsorption capacity of Sb（V） removal from copper electrolyte was as follows： white sand 〈 anionic resin 〈 zeolite 〈 kaolin 〈 activated carbon 〈 bentonite. Bentonite was characterized using FTIR, XRF, XRD, SEM and BET methods. The results show specific surface area of 95 m2/g and particles size of 175 nm for bentonite. The optimum conditions for the maximum removal of Sb are contact time 10 min, 4 g bentonite and temperature of 40 ° C. The adsorption of Sb（V） on bentonite is followed by pseudo-second-order kinetic （R2=0.996 and k=9×10？5 g/（mg· min））. Thermodynamic results reveal that the adsorption of Sb（V） onto bentonite from copper electrolyte is endothermic and spontaneous process （ΔGΘ=？4806 kJ/（mol· K）. The adsorption data fit both the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. Bentonite has the maximum adsorption capacity of 10000 mg/g for adsorption of Sb（V） in copper electrolyte. The adsorption of Zn, Co, Cu and Bi that present in the copper electrolyte is very low and insignificant.
文摘Dimeric complex 〔Cu(SbPh 3) 2I〕 2 has been synthesized by a solid state reaction at a low heating temperature and its crystal structure has been analyzed by X ray crystallography. The crystal is monoclinic, space group P2 1/a (#14), a = 20 436(5), b=14.125(3), c=24.683(3) , β=110.67(1)°, Z=4, V =6666(2) 3; C 72 H 60 Sb 4I 2Cu 2, M r = 1792, D c = 1.787 g·cm -3 , μ (Mo Kα ) = 31.88 cm -1 , F(000)=3440, R= 0.038 and R w= 0.043 for 5632 observed reflections ( I≥3.0σ(I) ) and 361 refined parameters. The result reveals the copper and the bridging iodide atoms form an approximately planar rhomboid array. Effects of the bulkiness of the ligands upon the structures of the analogous complexes are discussed.\;
文摘The modelling and optimization for the alkaline sulphide leaching of a complex copper concentrate containing 1.69% Sb and 0.14% Sn were studied.Response surface methodology,in combination with central composite face-centred design（RSM-CCF）,was used to optimise the operating parameters.The leaching temperature,sulphide ion concentration and solid concentration were chosen as the variables,and the response parameters were antimony and tin recovery,and the time required to achieve 90% Sb dissolution.It was confirmed that the leaching process was strongly dependent on the reaction temperature as well as the sulphide ion concentration without any significant dependence on the solid concentration.Furthermore,a mathematical model was constructed to characterise the leaching behaviour.The results from the model allow identification of the most favourable leaching conditions.The model was validated experimentally,and the results show that the model is reliable and accurate in predicting the leaching process.
