利用芳磺酸提高无液鞣革中的铬消耗

转鼓鞣制过程需要消耗大量的水和化学试剂,它们大多最终成为废水。本文探讨了一种可以在工业化条件下的替代传统浸酸铬鞣法的鞣革新方法。新方法用芳磺酸代替甲酸和硫酸,由于不用浴液,因此可以大幅度的减少盐和红矾钾盐的添加量,并可以提高鞣制过程最后阶段的温度。从环保角度看,新方法有更大的优势。例如,鞣革时无需添加浴液,另外,氯化物和铬的排放量分别减少了94%和99%,同时,残留浴液也减少了75%。新方法的经济效益也比传统方法节省42%。

Corrosion Study and Passive Film Characterization of 11% Cr FIM and 15% Cr ODS Steels

An ODS （oxide dispersion strengthened） steels are one of the most notable structural materials being developed for future high-temperature energy production technologies, and several studies have been devoted to the development of ODS materials for such applications. However, only little paper focuses on corrosion behavior of F/M （ferritic martensictic） and ODS steels. The corrosion behavior of 11% Cr F/M steel and 15% Cr ODS steel were evaluated using electrochemical methods in borate buffer and 1 kmol m＂3 HNO3 with or without NaCI and also in boiling 60% nitric acid. The corrosion resistance results clearly indicated the influences of steel alloys composition and chloride ions. The XPS （X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy） results of the pre-passivated surface revealed that the oxide formed were composed predominantly of Fe203 along with Cr203, and Y203 layers in ODS steel. The corrosion rate measured in boiling nitric acid for 48 h for both the steels shows high corrosion rate in boiling condition. The SEM （scanning electron microscopy） observation of the pit morphology after corrosion tests appears with shallow pit in both steel surfaces The corrosion degradation behavior in relation to the composition of the passive oxide film in different electrolytic solutions is discussed in this paper.

最低限度减少铬鞣对环境影响：高效铬鞣新工艺的研究

在制革工艺的每一步都会产生大量的废弃物。它们在环境中一般以残留的水，固体和液体废弃物以及大气排放物和臭味的形式存在。 本研究在工业应用基础上对传统的鞣制方法进行改进。新方法主要是在无浴液鞣制，尤其是在鞣制工艺后期提高温度。用两种方法得到的皮革进行性能比较，结果说明两种革的物理、化学以及感官性质都比较类似。但从环保的观点出发，二者的差异还是存在的。在新鞣制工艺中没有必要用干净的清水。而且，使用新工艺，减少了75％的残留浴液，91％的铬排放以及94％的氯化物排放。从经济效益方面看，比起传统的工艺，新提出的体系可以多产生32％的效益。