银杏雌株高黄酮种质定向筛选

以46个银杏雌株为试验材料,研究了生育前期和生育后期单株间叶中总黄酮及其组分含量差异及变异,基于聚类分析筛选出高黄酮含量的春茶用、提取黄酮用及两者兼用的优株。主要研究结果如下:(1)生育初期的黄酮及其组分含量显著高于生育后期,两个生育时期的各银杏雌株间的叶中总黄酮及各组分含量均存在极显著性差异。(2)银杏雌株间的叶中总黄酮及各组分含量均存在较大的变异,其中生育前期叶中总黄酮及各组分含量变异系数为21.06%~33.35%,生育后期为29.11%~50.13%。(3)生育前期和生育后期的叶中总黄酮含量分别与对应生育期的槲皮素、山奈酚、异鼠李素含量均呈极显著正相关;生育前期和生育后期间叶中总黄酮及其组分含量均呈极显著高度正相关。(4)基于生育前期叶中的总黄酮及3个主要组分含量,筛选出了15、29、30、42、43、44、45、46、47、49、50、48等12个春茶用优株;基于生育后期叶中的总黄酮及3个主要组分含量,筛选出了42、46、43、44、45、47、48、50等8个提取黄酮用优株;基于生育前期和生育后期叶中总黄酮含量,筛选出了29、42、43、44、45、46、47、50、48等9个可作为银杏春茶及黄酮提取的兼用型优株。综上三类分别可作为春茶用、黄酮提取用及兼用型银杏种质,进一步无性系化扩繁、区试或推广。

Preliminary Study on Water Physiological Characters of Male and Female Ginkgo biloba L.

[Objective] The experiment aimed to study the difference of water physiology of male and female Ginkgo biloba L. for discussing the strategy of water utilization as well as the important role of this difference during evolution process. [Method] The stem sap flow, stomatal conductance(Gs), transpiration rate(Tr) and water use efficiency (WUE) of male and female Ginkgo biloba L. were comparatively studied. [Result] The day-night processes of flow on male and female Ginkgo biloba L. were similar. The flow on male and female Ginkgo biloba L. in day were almost same while the flow at night on male Ginkgo biloba L. was bigger than that on female Ginkgo biloba L. The Tr and Gs of male and female Ginkgo biloba L. were high in morning and at night but low at noon ,while Tr and Gs of female Ginkgo biloba L. in morning and at night were higher than these of male Ginkgo biloba L. at the same time point. However, these indexes of female plant were lower than these of male plant from 11:00 to 14:00. WUE changing trends of male and female Ginkgo biloba L. were similar, while average water utilization rate of female Ginkgo biloba L. was slightly lower than that of male Ginkgo biloba L. [Conclusion] Compared with other companion plants, water physiology of male and female Ginkgo biloba L. had strong homoplasy. The phenomenon might be a survival strategy of dioecious plants under long term evolutionary pressure.

植物中的“似是而非”

似根非根 植物的根一般长在地下,与根直接相连的地上部分为茎。实际上,有许多植物的地下似根部分却不是根。 如:洋葱、蒜、忽地笑、石蒜和水仙的鳞茎;天南星、芋、土豆、甘蓝、白芨与天麻的块茎;山药、姜、大黄、莲和人参分叉肉质根以上部分的根状茎等。