In this work, we fabricated the polyaniline/silver nanoparticle/multi-walled carbon nanotube （PANI/Ag/MWCNT） composites by in situ polymerization of aniline on the wall of Ag/MWCNTs with different aniline to Ag/MWCN...In this work, we fabricated the polyaniline/silver nanoparticle/multi-walled carbon nanotube （PANI/Ag/MWCNT） composites by in situ polymerization of aniline on the wall of Ag/MWCNTs with different aniline to Ag/MWCNT mass ratios. The chemical structure of the ternary composites was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Xray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscope and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy were used to observe the morphology of the ternary composites. The results showed that the polyaniline PANI layer was prepared successfully and it covered Ag/MWCNTs completely. In addition, Ag nanoparticles between the MWCNT core and the PANI layer existed in the form of elemental crystal, which could contribute to the electrochemical performance of the composites. Then we prepared the composite electrodes and studied their electrochemical behaviors in 1 mol/L KOH. It was found that these composite electrodes had very low impedance, and exhibited lower resistance, higher electrochemical activity, and better cyclic stability compared with pure PANI electrode. Particularly, when the mass ratio of aniline to Ag/MWCNTs was 5：5, the composite electrode displayed a small equivalent series resistance （0.23 Ω） and low interfacial charge transfer resistance （〈0.25 Ω）, as well as 160 F/g of the maximum specific capacitance at a current density of 0.25 A/g in KOH solution. We could conclude that the composite material had potential applications as cathode materials for lithium batteries and supercapacitors.展开更多
AIM： To observe the effects of traditional antiinflammatory medicine Lonicerae FIos （LF） on rat reflux esophagitis （RE） induced by pylorus and forestomach ligation compared with the well-known proton antioxidant,...AIM： To observe the effects of traditional antiinflammatory medicine Lonicerae FIos （LF） on rat reflux esophagitis （RE） induced by pylorus and forestomach ligation compared with the well-known proton antioxidant, α-tocopherol. METHODS： Rats were pretreated with three different dosages of LF （500, 250 and 125 mg/kg） orally, once a day for 14 d before pylorus and forestomach ligation. Nine hours after pylorus and forestomach ligation, changes to the stomach and esophagus lesion areas, gastric volumes, acid and pepsin outputs, antioxidant effects, esophageal lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase （CAT）, malondialdehyde （MDA）, myeloperoxidase and glutathione （GSH） levels, and collagen contents （marker of flexibility） were observed on the esophageal and fundic histopathology. The results were compared with an α-tocopherol （once orally, 1 h before operation, 30 mg/kg） treated group in which the effects on RE were already confirmed.RESULTS： Pylorus and forestomach ligations caused marked increases of gross esophageal and gastric mucosa lesion areas, which corresponded with histopathological changes. In addition, increases of esophageal lipid peroxidation, decreases of SOD, CAT, and GSH-free radical scavengers, increases of collagen were observed. However, these pylorus and forestomach ligation induced RE were dose-dependently inhibited by treatment of 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg of LF extract, mediated by antioxidant effects. RE at 250 mg/kg showed similar effects α-tocopherol. CONCLUSION： The results suggest that antioxidant effects of LF could attenuate the severity of RE and prevent the esophageal mucosal damage, and validate its therapeutic use in esophageal reflux disease.展开更多
The aim of this research is to study the impact of auditor reputation and audit opinion on earnings management in French banks. This article used a sample of 162 French banks over the period from 2005 to 2012. By usin...The aim of this research is to study the impact of auditor reputation and audit opinion on earnings management in French banks. This article used a sample of 162 French banks over the period from 2005 to 2012. By using three different tests （loss-avoidance, just-meeting-or-beating prior year＇s earnings, and abnormal loan loss provision）, the findings of this paper show that both high auditor reputation and qualified audit opinion constrain earnings management to avoid loss or to just meet or beat prior year＇s earnings in banks. In separate tests related to earnings management through abnormal loan loss provisions, the paper also finds that high auditor reputation constrains earnings management. Qualified audit opinion has a negative but non-significant effect on abnormal loan loss provisions.展开更多
Adjustment of Basle Capital Agreement will influence the risk management and capital arrangement demand of the banks with different scales, operation level and environment. It will have widespread and profound effect ...Adjustment of Basle Capital Agreement will influence the risk management and capital arrangement demand of the banks with different scales, operation level and environment. It will have widespread and profound effect on the competition strength of every country＇s banks in the global market. Starting with illustration of the present cond（tion of risk management in China＇s banks, the paper analyzes the major problems existing in the risk management system of China＇s banking industry, then puts forward some clues and suggestions to improve and better the risk management system of China＇s banking industry.展开更多
Banks are various credit institutions that perform all bank activities and other business activities. According to the nature and objectives of operation, types of banks include all the commercial banks, development b...Banks are various credit institutions that perform all bank activities and other business activities. According to the nature and objectives of operation, types of banks include all the commercial banks, development banks, investment banks, policy banks, joint stock banks and other types of banks.展开更多
Sovereign Wealth Funds （SWFs） are generally known as investment funds owned by national governments and financed by the country＇s foreign currency reserves （dollar, euro, and yen）, often through their central ban...Sovereign Wealth Funds （SWFs） are generally known as investment funds owned by national governments and financed by the country＇s foreign currency reserves （dollar, euro, and yen）, often through their central banks or via direct investments. The study investigated the investment strategy of the Temasek Holdings as one of the most successful SWFs which is owned by the government of Singapore. Temasek Holdings was founded in 1974 to manage part of the government＇s revenues. Present turbulent times create a big pressure on healthy investment strategy of the SWFs. But total shareholder return for Temasek since its inception in 1974 has been a healthy 17% compounded annually. The main objective of the paper is to focus on the role of the Temasek Holdings as a company managed on commercial principles with an aim to achieve long-term sustainable returns. The study also analyzed Temasek Holdings＇investment strategy. The study provides answers to questions like： why Temasek is of the most successful SWFs and what is the fund risk management？ Another part of the paper compares investment strategy of the Temasek Holdings with other SWFs. The study has been conducted mainly on the basis of literature survey, secondary information and with using various web sites and research paper. The analysis has been also based on disclosures appearing in the Temasek annual reports over the period from 2008 to 2010.展开更多
The system uses B / S mode and ASP as the web-based support and connects with the SQL Server 2005 database, which realizes the automatic and manual assessment of Photoshop course exam management operations. At the sam...The system uses B / S mode and ASP as the web-based support and connects with the SQL Server 2005 database, which realizes the automatic and manual assessment of Photoshop course exam management operations. At the same time, it will be able to generate paper reference to test the difficulty levels of papers.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China （No.20110010110007） and the Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation （No.2102035）.
文摘In this work, we fabricated the polyaniline/silver nanoparticle/multi-walled carbon nanotube （PANI/Ag/MWCNT） composites by in situ polymerization of aniline on the wall of Ag/MWCNTs with different aniline to Ag/MWCNT mass ratios. The chemical structure of the ternary composites was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Xray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscope and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy were used to observe the morphology of the ternary composites. The results showed that the polyaniline PANI layer was prepared successfully and it covered Ag/MWCNTs completely. In addition, Ag nanoparticles between the MWCNT core and the PANI layer existed in the form of elemental crystal, which could contribute to the electrochemical performance of the composites. Then we prepared the composite electrodes and studied their electrochemical behaviors in 1 mol/L KOH. It was found that these composite electrodes had very low impedance, and exhibited lower resistance, higher electrochemical activity, and better cyclic stability compared with pure PANI electrode. Particularly, when the mass ratio of aniline to Ag/MWCNTs was 5：5, the composite electrode displayed a small equivalent series resistance （0.23 Ω） and low interfacial charge transfer resistance （〈0.25 Ω）, as well as 160 F/g of the maximum specific capacitance at a current density of 0.25 A/g in KOH solution. We could conclude that the composite material had potential applications as cathode materials for lithium batteries and supercapacitors.
文摘AIM： To observe the effects of traditional antiinflammatory medicine Lonicerae FIos （LF） on rat reflux esophagitis （RE） induced by pylorus and forestomach ligation compared with the well-known proton antioxidant, α-tocopherol. METHODS： Rats were pretreated with three different dosages of LF （500, 250 and 125 mg/kg） orally, once a day for 14 d before pylorus and forestomach ligation. Nine hours after pylorus and forestomach ligation, changes to the stomach and esophagus lesion areas, gastric volumes, acid and pepsin outputs, antioxidant effects, esophageal lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase （CAT）, malondialdehyde （MDA）, myeloperoxidase and glutathione （GSH） levels, and collagen contents （marker of flexibility） were observed on the esophageal and fundic histopathology. The results were compared with an α-tocopherol （once orally, 1 h before operation, 30 mg/kg） treated group in which the effects on RE were already confirmed.RESULTS： Pylorus and forestomach ligations caused marked increases of gross esophageal and gastric mucosa lesion areas, which corresponded with histopathological changes. In addition, increases of esophageal lipid peroxidation, decreases of SOD, CAT, and GSH-free radical scavengers, increases of collagen were observed. However, these pylorus and forestomach ligation induced RE were dose-dependently inhibited by treatment of 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg of LF extract, mediated by antioxidant effects. RE at 250 mg/kg showed similar effects α-tocopherol. CONCLUSION： The results suggest that antioxidant effects of LF could attenuate the severity of RE and prevent the esophageal mucosal damage, and validate its therapeutic use in esophageal reflux disease.
文摘The aim of this research is to study the impact of auditor reputation and audit opinion on earnings management in French banks. This article used a sample of 162 French banks over the period from 2005 to 2012. By using three different tests （loss-avoidance, just-meeting-or-beating prior year＇s earnings, and abnormal loan loss provision）, the findings of this paper show that both high auditor reputation and qualified audit opinion constrain earnings management to avoid loss or to just meet or beat prior year＇s earnings in banks. In separate tests related to earnings management through abnormal loan loss provisions, the paper also finds that high auditor reputation constrains earnings management. Qualified audit opinion has a negative but non-significant effect on abnormal loan loss provisions.
文摘Adjustment of Basle Capital Agreement will influence the risk management and capital arrangement demand of the banks with different scales, operation level and environment. It will have widespread and profound effect on the competition strength of every country＇s banks in the global market. Starting with illustration of the present cond（tion of risk management in China＇s banks, the paper analyzes the major problems existing in the risk management system of China＇s banking industry, then puts forward some clues and suggestions to improve and better the risk management system of China＇s banking industry.
文摘Banks are various credit institutions that perform all bank activities and other business activities. According to the nature and objectives of operation, types of banks include all the commercial banks, development banks, investment banks, policy banks, joint stock banks and other types of banks.
文摘Sovereign Wealth Funds （SWFs） are generally known as investment funds owned by national governments and financed by the country＇s foreign currency reserves （dollar, euro, and yen）, often through their central banks or via direct investments. The study investigated the investment strategy of the Temasek Holdings as one of the most successful SWFs which is owned by the government of Singapore. Temasek Holdings was founded in 1974 to manage part of the government＇s revenues. Present turbulent times create a big pressure on healthy investment strategy of the SWFs. But total shareholder return for Temasek since its inception in 1974 has been a healthy 17% compounded annually. The main objective of the paper is to focus on the role of the Temasek Holdings as a company managed on commercial principles with an aim to achieve long-term sustainable returns. The study also analyzed Temasek Holdings＇investment strategy. The study provides answers to questions like： why Temasek is of the most successful SWFs and what is the fund risk management？ Another part of the paper compares investment strategy of the Temasek Holdings with other SWFs. The study has been conducted mainly on the basis of literature survey, secondary information and with using various web sites and research paper. The analysis has been also based on disclosures appearing in the Temasek annual reports over the period from 2008 to 2010.
文摘The system uses B / S mode and ASP as the web-based support and connects with the SQL Server 2005 database, which realizes the automatic and manual assessment of Photoshop course exam management operations. At the same time, it will be able to generate paper reference to test the difficulty levels of papers.
