长治钢铁棒材直轧工艺铸-轧界面衔接优化研究

连铸-轧钢界面衔接对铸坯直轧生产工艺流程有着非常重要的影响,连铸机生产过程中的拉速、流数和钢水量与轧钢线的生产节奏匹配非常密切,不同工艺参数之间存在着相互关联和制约,是铸坯直轧工艺铸-轧界面匹配计算的关键因素。以首钢长治钢铁有限公司的棒材直轧生产线为例,进行了铸-轧界面的铸坯匹配优化,当钢水量不足时,可以采用连铸机4流进行3 m/min拉速出坯的直轧生产;当钢水量满负荷生产时,可以采用连铸机6流进行3.2 m/min拉速出坯的直轧生产,保证了铸-轧界面直轧工艺的产量最大化,提高了铸-轧界面的衔接效率。

直接轧制中连铸坯输送节奏衔接的优化

通过运筹学中的排队理论,建立了方坯直轧系统中连铸坯排队模型,并对唐钢公司长材事业部方坯-棒材直轧系统分析优化,为企业生产管理提供理论依据。结果显示,当连铸机拉速为3.8 m/min,连铸坯定尺为11.9 m时,4流生产只能满足Φ12 mm热轧带肋钢筋的轧制节奏,5流生产可以满足所有规格轧制节奏;拉速一定时,铸坯的最大等待时间随定尺的增大而增大,但生产中一般采用调整拉速来改变连铸坯平均等待时间,而非通过调整连铸坯定尺来实现;连铸坯输送过程,空冷到最低开轧温度所经历的时间应小于连铸坯的最大等待时间,此时直轧产线铸坯的直轧率最高;根据铸-轧通钢量相等的原则计算,方坯直轧应该采用少流数、高拉速,短定尺来组织生产,使铸-轧产能匹配同时减少直轧铸坯的头尾温差,降低生产事故风险;方坯直轧系统的主要问题是连铸坯剪切顺序、钢-轧节奏匹配问题、连铸坯的最大等待时间等3项核心问题。

Evolution of bonding interface in solid-liquid cast-rolling bonding of Cu/Al clad strip

Cu/Al clad strips are prepared using solid?liquid cast-rolling bonding(SLCRB)technique with a d160mm×150mm twin-roll experimental caster.The extent of interfacial reactions,composition of the reaction products,and their micro-morphology evolution in the SLCRB process are investigated with scanning electron microscope(SEM),energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS),and X-ray diffraction(XRD).In the casting pool,initial aluminized coating is first generated on the copper strip surface,with the diffusion layer mainly consisting ofα(Al)+CuAl2and growing at high temperatures,with the maximum thickness of10μm.After sequent rolling below the kiss point,the diffusion layer is broken by severe elongation,which leads to an additional crack bond process with a fresh interface of virgin base metal.The average thickness is reduced from10to5μm.The reaction products,CuAl2,CuAl,and Cu9Al4,are dispersed along the rolling direction.Peeling and bending test results indicate that the fracture occurs in the aluminum substrate,and the morphology is a dimple pattern.No crack or separation is found at the bonding interface after90°-180°bending.The presented method provides an economical way to fabricate Cu/Al clad strip directly.

Interfacial pressure distribution and bonding characteristics in twin-roll casting of Cu/Al clad strip

The mechanical properties and product thickness specifications of bimetallic clad strip prepared by twin-roll casting are tightly related to the mechanical behavior of bonding interface interaction.The thermal−flow coupled simulation and the interface pressure calculation models are established with the cast-rolling velocity as the variable.The results show that the interface temperature decreases,the interface pressure and the proportion of the thickness of the Al side increase with the decrease in cast-rolling velocity.The thinning of Cu strip mainly occurs in the backward slip zone.The higher pressure and longer solid/semi-solid contact time make the interface bonded fully,which provides favorable conditions for atomic diffusion.The inter-diffusion zone with a width of 4.9μm is attained at a cast-rolling velocity of 2.4 m/min,and the Cu side surface is nearly completely covered by aluminum.Therefore,the ductile fracture occurs on the Al side,which prevents the propagation of interface delamination cracks effectively.Meanwhile,shear effect becomes more significant at high interfacial pressure and large plastic strain,and the microstructure on Al side is composed of slender columnar crystals.Thus,the metallurgical bonding and refinement of grains on the Al side can result in higher bonding strength and tensile properties of the clad strip.

Bonding strength of Invar/Cu clad strips fabricated by twin-roll casting process

Based on traditional twin-roll casting process,Invar/Cu clad strips were successfully fabricated by using solid Invar alloy strip and molten Cu under conditions of high temperature,high pressure and plastic deformation.A series of tests including tensile test,bending test,T-type peeling test and scanning electron microscope(SEM)and energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS)measurements were carried out to analyze the mechanical properties of Invar/Cu clad strips and the micro-morphology of tensile fracture surfaces and bonding interfaces.The results indicate that no delamination phenomenon occurs during the compatible deformation of Invar/Cu in bending test and only one stress platform exists in the tensile stress-strain curve when the bonding strength is large.On the contrary,different mechanical properties of Invar and Cu lead to delamination phenomenon during the uniaxial tensile test,which determines that two stress platforms occur on the stress-strain curve of Invar/Cu clad strips when two elements experience necking.The average peeling strength can be increased from13.85to42.31N/mm after heat treatment at800℃for1h,and the observation of the Cu side at peeling interface shows that more Fe is adhered on the Cu side after the heat treatment.All above illustrate that heat treatment can improve the strength of the bonding interface of Invar/Cu clad strips.