Heterogeneous networks(HetNets)consisting of macro cells with very large antenna arrays and a secondary tier of small cells with a few antennas each can well tackle the contradiction of large coverage of the network a...Heterogeneous networks(HetNets)consisting of macro cells with very large antenna arrays and a secondary tier of small cells with a few antennas each can well tackle the contradiction of large coverage of the network and high data rate at the hot spots.However,it is not permissible to assign orthogonal pilot sequences for all the supported users due to the large number.Hence,we propose a pilot reduction scheme based on the heterogeneous system configurations and the unique topology of this HetNet.The reusing of pilot sequences causes the presence of the contaminated channel state information(CSI) and results in receivers' Quality of Service(QoS) outage.With the contaminated CSI,we provide an energy-efficient beamforming based on minimizing the total power consumption while keeping the QoS constraints satisfied and restricting the QoS outage probability below a given specification.By applying the approach of Bernstein approximation and semi-definite relaxation,we transform the original intractable chance constrained program to a convex problem conservatively.Numerical results show that the average power consumption of the proposed beamforming for our pilot reduction scheme is close to that of the perfect CSI case.Since our scheme will greatly compress the length of pilot sequence especially for those highly densified network with large number of small cells,it will be crucially helpful to put such two-tier massive multiple-input and multiple-output(MIMO) systems into practice.展开更多
The size and the shape of non-reversal random-walking polymerchains near an impenetrable, non- interacting flat surface areinvestigated by means of Monte Carlo simulation on the simple cubiclattice. It was found that ...The size and the shape of non-reversal random-walking polymerchains near an impenetrable, non- interacting flat surface areinvestigated by means of Monte Carlo simulation on the simple cubiclattice. It was found that both size and shape are dependent on thenormal-to-surface distance z_0 of the first segment of chain. We findthat the size and shape of chains, characterized by mean squareradius of gyration and mean asphericity parameter respectively, show similar dependence on distance z_0.展开更多
基金supported in part by the "863" Program of China No. 2014AA01A704National Natural Science Foundation of China No.61171080
文摘Heterogeneous networks(HetNets)consisting of macro cells with very large antenna arrays and a secondary tier of small cells with a few antennas each can well tackle the contradiction of large coverage of the network and high data rate at the hot spots.However,it is not permissible to assign orthogonal pilot sequences for all the supported users due to the large number.Hence,we propose a pilot reduction scheme based on the heterogeneous system configurations and the unique topology of this HetNet.The reusing of pilot sequences causes the presence of the contaminated channel state information(CSI) and results in receivers' Quality of Service(QoS) outage.With the contaminated CSI,we provide an energy-efficient beamforming based on minimizing the total power consumption while keeping the QoS constraints satisfied and restricting the QoS outage probability below a given specification.By applying the approach of Bernstein approximation and semi-definite relaxation,we transform the original intractable chance constrained program to a convex problem conservatively.Numerical results show that the average power consumption of the proposed beamforming for our pilot reduction scheme is close to that of the perfect CSI case.Since our scheme will greatly compress the length of pilot sequence especially for those highly densified network with large number of small cells,it will be crucially helpful to put such two-tier massive multiple-input and multiple-output(MIMO) systems into practice.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20076038).
文摘The size and the shape of non-reversal random-walking polymerchains near an impenetrable, non- interacting flat surface areinvestigated by means of Monte Carlo simulation on the simple cubiclattice. It was found that both size and shape are dependent on thenormal-to-surface distance z_0 of the first segment of chain. We findthat the size and shape of chains, characterized by mean squareradius of gyration and mean asphericity parameter respectively, show similar dependence on distance z_0.
