中链支化非离子型表面活性剂对石油污染土壤的清洗性能及机理

采用一系列(8种)中链支化非离子型表面活性剂N-长链碳酰基-L-苯丙氨酸单甲基聚乙二醇酯(记为Rn-L-MPEGm,n为烷基碳数,m为合成时所用聚乙二醇单甲醚的相对分子质量)清洗石油污染土壤。清洗实验结果表明,R12-L-MPEG1000的清洗性能最佳。含油率20.35%土壤的最佳清洗条件为:R12-L-MPEG1000加入量2.5%(w),固液比1∶4,50℃下以400 r/min的转速搅拌水洗40 min。在此条件下,除油率可达92.29%,土壤残油率仅为1.57%。通过研究原油乳化性能和原油吸附热力学,并将R12-L-MPEG1000与主链分子结构相似的OP-10进行比较,推断出R12-L-MPEG1000清洗石油污染土壤的机理为滚落-乳化机制和吸附-顶替机制。

Efficient C-N Formation for Preparing α-Branched Primary Amines by Recycled Intramolecular Reactions of 1,8-Naphthosultone Using Ammonia as Nitrogen Source

Amination of tertiary and secondary alcohols using aqueous ammonia as nitrogen source was carried out by a process with recyclable intramolecular reaction of 1,8-naphthosultone, which lead to α-branched primary amines. Sulfonic resin serves as the heterogeneous catalyst for C N bond formation and protects the neighboring hydroxyl group until the required hydrolysis starts in the alkaline solution. The process can be conducted under mild conditions, no additional solvent is needed and no overreaction to secondary or tertiary amines occurs.