锂基浆料电池最新进展

浆料电池(SSFBs)具有能量密度高和可灵活设计的优点,是大规模储能领域的一种关键技术.近年来,研究人员在锂基SSFBs(Li-SSFBs)开发方面进行了大量的研究.本文介绍了Li-SSFBs的工作原理和特点,重点评述了Li-SSFBs的最新研究进展,特别是正、负极活性材料,展望了Li-SSFBs面临的挑战和未来的发展前景,以便为Li-SSFBs的研究和开发提供指导.

Recent Advances on Ruthenium-based Electrocatalysts for Lithium-oxygen Batteries

Rechargeable lithium-oxygen(Li-O_(2))batteries have attracted wide attention due to their high energy density.However,the sluggish cathode kinetics results in high overvoltage and poor cycling performance.Ruthenium(Ru)-based electrocatalysts have been demonstrated to be promising cathode catalysts to promote oxygen evolution reaction(OER).It facilitates decomposition of lithium peroxide(Li_(2)O_(2))by adjusting Li_(2)O_(2) morphologies,which is due to the strong interaction between Ru-based catalyst and superoxide anion(O_(2))intermediate.In this review,the design strategies of Ru-based electrocatalysts are introduced to enhance their OER catalytic kinetics in Li-O_(2) batteries.Different configurations of Ru-based catalysts,including metal particles(Ru metal and alloys),single-atom catalysts,and Ru-loaded compounds with various substrates(carbon materials,metal oxides/sulfides),have been summarized to regulate the electronic structure and the matrix architecture of the Ru-based electrocatalysts.The structure-property relationship of Ru-based catalysts is discussed for a better understanding of the Li_(2)O_(2) decomposition mechanism at the cathode interface.Finally,the challenges of Ru-based electrocatalysts are proposed for the future development of Li-O_(2) batteries.

Recent progress in ether-based electrolytes for high-voltage lithium metal batteries

Ether-based solvents generally show better affinity for lithium metal,and thus ether-based electrolytes(EBEs)are more inclined to form a uniform and thin solid electrolyte interface(SEI),ensuring the long cycle stability of the lithium metal batteries(LMBs).Nonetheless,EBEs still face the challenge of oxidative decomposition under high voltage,which will corrode the structure of cathodes,destroy the stability of the electrode−electrolyte interface,and even cause safety risks.Herein,the types and challenges of EBEs are reviewed,the strategies for improving the high voltage stability of EBEs and constructing stable electrode−electrolyte interfaces are discussed in detail.Finally,the future perspectives and potential directions for composition optimization of EBEs and electrolyte−electrode interface regulation of high-voltage LMBs are explored.

汽车绿色能源解决方案探讨

文章通过对公开发表的文献资料的收集整理,结合当前汽车动力驱动领域的现状,探讨了不同种类的替代能源在乘用车上存储的可能性,如锂基电池、光伏板转化太阳能、核能等,但它们本身都存在不同程度的缺点,最近出现的使用氢燃料电池作为动力的汽车似乎是更好的解决方法,尽管此方法早就出现,但最近市场上推出的几款乘用车的安全使用方式为我们提供了真正的绿色能源解决方案的参考。

2003年度最佳研究先驱

电学的全盛时期也许要追溯到人类的《科学怪人》（Frankenstein)时代，而机械构造学却一直保持着活力，直至Mackinnon医生弄清了钾离子通道的构造。2003年春，他从钾离子通道的检测电流（表现为电压）入手，推导出了钾离子通道的结构。这一成就为他赢得了2003年度的诺贝尔化学奖。

Mechanism of aluminum corrosion in LiFSI-based electrolyte at elevated temperatures

Lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide(LiFSI) is a promising replacement for lithium hexafluorosphate due to its excellent properties. A solution to the corrosion of aluminum(Al) current collectors by LiFSI at elevated temperatures is essential. The mechanisms of Al corrosion in LiFSI-based electrolyte at 45 ℃ were studied with density functional theory calculations and spectroscopic investigations. It is found that the irregular, loose and unprotected AlF3 materials caused by the dissolution of co-generated Al(FSI)3 can exacerbate Al corrosion with the increase of temperature. Lithium bis(oxalate)borate(LiBOB) can effectively inhibit the Al corrosion with a robust and protective interphase;this can be attributed to the interfacial interactions between the Al foil and electrolyte. Boron-containing compounds promote the change from AlF3 to LiF, which further reinforces interfacial stability. This work allows the design of an interface to Al foil using LiFSI salt in lithium-ion batteries.

Layer by layer synthesis of Sn-Co-C microcomposites and their application in lithium ion batteries

Alloy anodes were studied for pursuing Sn-based microcomposite synthesis, assembly and performance for lithium ion batteries. The self-assembled Sn-Co-C composites with nano-scaled microstructures were prepared via solution method and carbothermal technology. The morphology and physical structure were investigated with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The as-prepared materials were assembled to half cell coin for the purpose of discussing the galvanostatic cycling, cyclic voltammetry and rate-capability performance. Results reveal that nanoscaled CoSn 2 alloys covered with Sn and C layer by layer are wrapped by cross-linked porous carbon network to form spherical microstructure. This distinguishing feature of Sn-Co-C composites provides a possible solution to the problems of Sn particle aggregation and poor electron transport, and has strong effect on improving electrochemical performance.

Recycling waste crystalline-silicon solar cells: Application as high performance Si-based anode materials for lithium-ion batteries

Recycling useful materials such as Ag, Al, Sn, Cu and Si from waste silicon solar cell chips is a sustainable project to slow down the ever-growing amount of waste crystalline-silicon photovoltaic panels. However, the recovery cost of the above-mentioned materials from silicon chips via acid-alkaline treatments outweights the gain economically.Herein, we propose a new proof-of-concept to fabricate Si-based anodes with waste silicon chips as raw materials.Nanoparticles from waste silicon chips were prepared with the high-energy ball milling followed by introducing carbon nanotubes and N-doped carbon into the nanoparticles, which amplifies the electrochemical properties. It is explored that Al and Ag elements influenced electrochemical performance respectively. The results showed that the Al metal in the composite possesses an adverse impact on the electrochemical performance. After removing Al, the composite was confirmed to possess a pronounced durable cycling property due to the presence of Ag, resulting in significantly more superior property than the composite having both Al and Ag removed.

Structural modulation of anthraquinone with different functional groups and its effect on electrochemical properties for lithium-ion batteries

Organic electrode materials have high capacity,and environmentally friendly advantages for the next generation lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).However,organic electrode materials face many challenges,such as low reduction potential as cathode materials or high reduction potential as anode materials.Here,the influence of chemical functionalities that are capable of either electron donating or electron withdrawing groups on the reduction potential and charge-discharge performance of anthraquinone(AQ)based system is studied.The cyclic voltammetry results show that the introduction of two-OH groups,two-NO2 groups and one-CH3 group on anthraquinone structure has a little impact on the reduction potential,which is found to be 2.1 V.But when three or four-OH groups are introduced on AQ structure,the reduction potential is increased to about 3.1 V.The charge-discharge tests show that these materials exhibit moderate cycling stability.

Silicon-based nanosheets synthesized by a topochemical reaction for use as anodes for lithium ion batteries

Silicon is the most promising anode material for the next generation high- performance lithium ion batteries. However, its commercial application is hindered by its poor performance due to the huge volume change during cycling. Although two-dimensional silicon-based materials show significantly improved performance, flexible synthesis of such materials is still a challenge. In this work, silicon-based nanosheets with a multilayer structure are synthesized for the first time by a topochemical reaction. The morphology and oxidation state of these nanosheets can be controlled by appropriate choice of reaction media and oxidants. Benefiting from the hierarchical structure and ultrathin size, when the silicon-based nanosheets are employed as anodes they exhibit a charge （delithiation） capacity of 800 mAh/g after 50 cycles with a maximum coulombic efficiency of 99.4% and good rate performance （647 mAh/g at 1 A/g）. This work demonstrates a novel method for preparing nanosheets not only for lithium ion batteries but also having various potential applications in other fields, such as catalysts, electronics and photonics.

In situ construction of amorphous hierarchical iron oxyhydroxide nanotubes via selective dissolution-regrowth strategy for enhanced lithium storage

The low-cost and high-capacity metal oxides/oxyhydroxides possess great merits as anodes for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)with high energy density.However,their commercialization is greatly hindered by insufficient rate capability and cyclability.Rational regulations of metal oxides/oxyhydroxides with hollow geometry and disordered atomic frameworks represent efficient ways to improve their electrochemical properties.Herein,we propose a fast alkalietching method to realize the in-situ fabrication of iron oxyhydroxide with one-dimensional(1D)hierarchical hollow nanostructure and amorphous atomic structure from the iron vanadate nanowires.Benefiting from the improved electron/ion kinetics and efficient buffer ability for the volumetric change during the electro-cycles both in nanoscale and atomic level,the graphene-modified amorphous hierarchical FeOOH nanotubes(FeOOH-NTs)display high rate capability(~650 mA h g^−1 at 2000 mA g^−1)and superior long-term cycling stability(463 mA h g^−1 after 1800 cycles),which represents the best cycling performance among the reported FeOOH-based materials.More importantly,the selective dissolutionregrowth mechanism is demonstrated based on the time tracking of the whole transition process,in which the dissolution of FeVO4 and the in-situ selective re-nucleation of FeOOH during the formation of FeOOH-NTs play the key roles.The present strategy is also a general method to prepare various metal(such as Fe,Mn,Co,and Cu)oxides/oxyhydroxides with 1D hierarchical nanostructures.