This paper reviewed the research advances of Ug99 and its resistance breeding from the aspects of its discovery, race variation, pathogenicity, distribution, spread, exploration of relative resistant genes, linked mol...This paper reviewed the research advances of Ug99 and its resistance breeding from the aspects of its discovery, race variation, pathogenicity, distribution, spread, exploration of relative resistant genes, linked molecular marker selection and resistance breeding strategies, to provide basis for comprehensive understanding of the new Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici race Ug99 and its potential threat to wheat production. Ug99 is a new Puccinia grarninis f. sp. tritici race with high variability, strong pathogenicity and rapid spread speed, which is likely to cause global damages to world wheat production. We should strengthen the exploration and utilization of new resistance genes in wheat and relative species and breeding of new wheat varieties with durable resistance, to control and prevent damages caused by Ug99 and its variants.展开更多
[Objective] This research aimed at exploring an effective way for inoculation and identification of chrysanthemum white rust under controlled conditions. [Method] By combining the observation methods with the naked ey...[Objective] This research aimed at exploring an effective way for inoculation and identification of chrysanthemum white rust under controlled conditions. [Method] By combining the observation methods with the naked eye and under optical microscope, we had established the identification standards for chrysanthemum white rust with six classifications and optimized artificial inoculation methods in vitro. [Result] The results showed that bottled cuttings identification method and petri dished leaves identification method both can be used for identification in vitro of chrysanthemum white rust, bottled cuttings identification method had shown better effects than petri dished leaves identification method, and was supposed to be best artificial inoculation and identification method in vitro. [Conclusion] This research had provided a scientific method for safe and effective researches on chrysanthemum white rust, in order to control the occurrence and diffusion of this quarantine disease.展开更多
A study was conducted on reducing the yield loss of wheat due to leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina with foliar application of fungicides during the 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 growing seasons at the Wheat Research In...A study was conducted on reducing the yield loss of wheat due to leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina with foliar application of fungicides during the 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 growing seasons at the Wheat Research Institute in Faisalabad, Pakistan. Three fungicides： Folicur （tebuconazole） at 300 mL/ha, Nativo （tebuconazole ＋ trifloxystrobin） at 300 g/ha and Tilt （propiconazole） at 500 mL/ha were applied single or two times to Morocco and Sehar-06 wheat varieties used in the trial. The trial plots were first sprayed at the Zadok＇s scale （ZS） 3 stage and second sprayed between ZS 4.3 and 5.4 stages. The greenness of the trial crop was measured using GreenSeeker. Foliar application of fungicides significantly reduced the loss of grain yield and 1,000-grain weight （TGW） of wheat due to leaf rust in comparison to the control without fungicides application. Of the three fungicides, two times spray of Nativo reduced the grain yield loss of leaf rust susceptible mega wheat variety Sehar-06 by 45%-56% and the loss of TGW by 42%, also giving the highest marginal return in the trial. Single application of Nativo was equally effective as two times spray of Folicur in reducing the loss of wheat grain yield. Two times spray of Folicur was found to be the second choice of fungicide for reducing the yield loss of wheat. The research identified suitable fungicides for reducing the yield loss of wheat due to leaf rust and also generated important scientific knowledge required to manage a sudden outbreak of leaf rust to ensure food security.展开更多
Over the 2003-2009 period, field campaigns were carried out in order to identify the main fungal diseases of winter wheat （Triticum aestivum） in the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg. Four fungal diseases （septoria leaf bl...Over the 2003-2009 period, field campaigns were carried out in order to identify the main fungal diseases of winter wheat （Triticum aestivum） in the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg. Four fungal diseases （septoria leaf blotch （SLB）, wheat leaf rust （WLR）, wheat powdery mildew （WPM） and fusarium head blight （FHB）） were observed and a regional-based typology was established according to their severity and prevalence. In the Gutland （South）, SLB severity was strong （about 51% on average） and higher than the severity （about 16%） prevailing in the Oesling （North）. Similar typology was observed with the WLR： high severity in the Gutland （66% and 57% for the years 2003 and 2007, respectively） and low severity （〈 1%） in the Oesling. The FHB was also present in the Eastern part of the Gutland, with a prevalence and severity significantly higher （P = 0.049 and P = 0.012, respectively, Tukey＇s test） compared with their values in the Oesling. On the other hand, the WPM severity was high in the Oesling （15% to 40%） while less than 1% in the Gutland. Such a study is important for the spatial mapping of wheat fungal diseases risk based on agroclimatic parameters and for defining optimal frequencies and dates of chemical treatments.展开更多
Yellow Rust （stripe） rust （Puccinia striiformis West. f. sp. tritici） is one of the most epidemic diseases infect wheat in cold and wet regions. In 1988, this disease caused a loss of seasonal production amounted ...Yellow Rust （stripe） rust （Puccinia striiformis West. f. sp. tritici） is one of the most epidemic diseases infect wheat in cold and wet regions. In 1988, this disease caused a loss of seasonal production amounted 70% on wheat variety Mexipak in Syria, and recurrent infection in 2010, caused by a virulent race called Yr27, caused a considerable loss in the production of bread wheat cultivars （Cham 8, Cham 6 particularly） amounted 90%. Recently, 15 races of yellow rust had been addressed in Syria for seasons 2010-2014; 159E256, 166E254, 166E256, 255 E112, 0 E0, 64 E 6, 230 El50, 0 E 18, 198 El30, 166 El50, 102 El60, 128 E0, 126 El50, 214E150, and 6E16. The race 6E16 was the most frequent during the two seasons, while the race 255El12 was the most virulent, followed by the race 230E222 and the race 0E0 was the weakest one. This study revealed the presence of fourteen newly observed races in Syria. Molecular Variance Analysis of Molecular Variance （AMOVA） of 55 yellow rust Puccinia striiformis f.sp tritici isolates examined by Amplify Fragment Length Polymorphism （AFLP） revealed high genetic variation within population, and the dimensional scale analysis （MSD） and tree diagram showed that the Syrian yellow rust isolates were clustered in three groups： the first group contained isolates derived from durum wheat, the second one contained bread wheat isolates, but the third was made of isolates derived from both durum and bread wheat species.展开更多
Stem rust race Ug99, also designated TTKSK （Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici） cause stem or black rust, which is a serious disease of wheat worldwide. Field experiments were conducted at two sites during 2008 and 20...Stem rust race Ug99, also designated TTKSK （Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici） cause stem or black rust, which is a serious disease of wheat worldwide. Field experiments were conducted at two sites during 2008 and 2009 growing seasons to evaluate the effectiveness of two new foliar fungicides： viz. Nativo 300 SC （trifloxystrobin 100 g L^-1 ＋ tebuconazole 200 g L^-1） and Prosaro 250 EC （prothioconazole 125 g L^-1 ＋ tebuconazole 125 g L^-1）, in controlling stem rust on susceptible wheat cultivar Duma. AmistarXtra 280 SC （azoxystrobin 200 g L^-1 ＋ cyproconazole 80 g L^-1） and Folicur 250 EC （tebuconazole） were used as checks. The treatment at each site and year included non-treated control and two spray applications of the fungicides at growth stages （GS） 55 （heading） and 65 （flowering）. Stem rust severities were scored using the modified Cobb scale at 14-day intervals after application. The data were used to calculate mean rust severity （MRS）. Stem rust epidemics were severe at KARI-Njoro in 2008 and the treatment effects on stem rust severities, grain yield and 1,000 kernel weights were significant at both KARI-Njoro and Mau-Narok sites. The fungicide treatments, significantly （P _〈 0.05） reduced stem rust severity, increased grain yield and 1,000 kernel weight of the susceptible wheat cultivar Duma compared to the non-treated control. Both fungicides： Nativo 300 SC and Prosaro 250 EC applied at the rate of 1.0 L hat were recommended for commercial use.展开更多
基金Supported by Starting Fund for Introduction of Qualified Personnel from Henan Agricultural University (30300190)~~
文摘This paper reviewed the research advances of Ug99 and its resistance breeding from the aspects of its discovery, race variation, pathogenicity, distribution, spread, exploration of relative resistant genes, linked molecular marker selection and resistance breeding strategies, to provide basis for comprehensive understanding of the new Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici race Ug99 and its potential threat to wheat production. Ug99 is a new Puccinia grarninis f. sp. tritici race with high variability, strong pathogenicity and rapid spread speed, which is likely to cause global damages to world wheat production. We should strengthen the exploration and utilization of new resistance genes in wheat and relative species and breeding of new wheat varieties with durable resistance, to control and prevent damages caused by Ug99 and its variants.
基金Supported by the"Eleventh Five-Year"National Technology Support Program"Breeding of New Varieties of High Yield and Quality of Major Commercial Flowers"(2006BAD01A18)the Postdoctoral Research Fund of Shenyang Agricultural University~~
文摘[Objective] This research aimed at exploring an effective way for inoculation and identification of chrysanthemum white rust under controlled conditions. [Method] By combining the observation methods with the naked eye and under optical microscope, we had established the identification standards for chrysanthemum white rust with six classifications and optimized artificial inoculation methods in vitro. [Result] The results showed that bottled cuttings identification method and petri dished leaves identification method both can be used for identification in vitro of chrysanthemum white rust, bottled cuttings identification method had shown better effects than petri dished leaves identification method, and was supposed to be best artificial inoculation and identification method in vitro. [Conclusion] This research had provided a scientific method for safe and effective researches on chrysanthemum white rust, in order to control the occurrence and diffusion of this quarantine disease.
文摘A study was conducted on reducing the yield loss of wheat due to leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina with foliar application of fungicides during the 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 growing seasons at the Wheat Research Institute in Faisalabad, Pakistan. Three fungicides： Folicur （tebuconazole） at 300 mL/ha, Nativo （tebuconazole ＋ trifloxystrobin） at 300 g/ha and Tilt （propiconazole） at 500 mL/ha were applied single or two times to Morocco and Sehar-06 wheat varieties used in the trial. The trial plots were first sprayed at the Zadok＇s scale （ZS） 3 stage and second sprayed between ZS 4.3 and 5.4 stages. The greenness of the trial crop was measured using GreenSeeker. Foliar application of fungicides significantly reduced the loss of grain yield and 1,000-grain weight （TGW） of wheat due to leaf rust in comparison to the control without fungicides application. Of the three fungicides, two times spray of Nativo reduced the grain yield loss of leaf rust susceptible mega wheat variety Sehar-06 by 45%-56% and the loss of TGW by 42%, also giving the highest marginal return in the trial. Single application of Nativo was equally effective as two times spray of Folicur in reducing the loss of wheat grain yield. Two times spray of Folicur was found to be the second choice of fungicide for reducing the yield loss of wheat. The research identified suitable fungicides for reducing the yield loss of wheat due to leaf rust and also generated important scientific knowledge required to manage a sudden outbreak of leaf rust to ensure food security.
文摘Over the 2003-2009 period, field campaigns were carried out in order to identify the main fungal diseases of winter wheat （Triticum aestivum） in the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg. Four fungal diseases （septoria leaf blotch （SLB）, wheat leaf rust （WLR）, wheat powdery mildew （WPM） and fusarium head blight （FHB）） were observed and a regional-based typology was established according to their severity and prevalence. In the Gutland （South）, SLB severity was strong （about 51% on average） and higher than the severity （about 16%） prevailing in the Oesling （North）. Similar typology was observed with the WLR： high severity in the Gutland （66% and 57% for the years 2003 and 2007, respectively） and low severity （〈 1%） in the Oesling. The FHB was also present in the Eastern part of the Gutland, with a prevalence and severity significantly higher （P = 0.049 and P = 0.012, respectively, Tukey＇s test） compared with their values in the Oesling. On the other hand, the WPM severity was high in the Oesling （15% to 40%） while less than 1% in the Gutland. Such a study is important for the spatial mapping of wheat fungal diseases risk based on agroclimatic parameters and for defining optimal frequencies and dates of chemical treatments.
文摘Yellow Rust （stripe） rust （Puccinia striiformis West. f. sp. tritici） is one of the most epidemic diseases infect wheat in cold and wet regions. In 1988, this disease caused a loss of seasonal production amounted 70% on wheat variety Mexipak in Syria, and recurrent infection in 2010, caused by a virulent race called Yr27, caused a considerable loss in the production of bread wheat cultivars （Cham 8, Cham 6 particularly） amounted 90%. Recently, 15 races of yellow rust had been addressed in Syria for seasons 2010-2014; 159E256, 166E254, 166E256, 255 E112, 0 E0, 64 E 6, 230 El50, 0 E 18, 198 El30, 166 El50, 102 El60, 128 E0, 126 El50, 214E150, and 6E16. The race 6E16 was the most frequent during the two seasons, while the race 255El12 was the most virulent, followed by the race 230E222 and the race 0E0 was the weakest one. This study revealed the presence of fourteen newly observed races in Syria. Molecular Variance Analysis of Molecular Variance （AMOVA） of 55 yellow rust Puccinia striiformis f.sp tritici isolates examined by Amplify Fragment Length Polymorphism （AFLP） revealed high genetic variation within population, and the dimensional scale analysis （MSD） and tree diagram showed that the Syrian yellow rust isolates were clustered in three groups： the first group contained isolates derived from durum wheat, the second one contained bread wheat isolates, but the third was made of isolates derived from both durum and bread wheat species.
文摘Stem rust race Ug99, also designated TTKSK （Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici） cause stem or black rust, which is a serious disease of wheat worldwide. Field experiments were conducted at two sites during 2008 and 2009 growing seasons to evaluate the effectiveness of two new foliar fungicides： viz. Nativo 300 SC （trifloxystrobin 100 g L^-1 ＋ tebuconazole 200 g L^-1） and Prosaro 250 EC （prothioconazole 125 g L^-1 ＋ tebuconazole 125 g L^-1）, in controlling stem rust on susceptible wheat cultivar Duma. AmistarXtra 280 SC （azoxystrobin 200 g L^-1 ＋ cyproconazole 80 g L^-1） and Folicur 250 EC （tebuconazole） were used as checks. The treatment at each site and year included non-treated control and two spray applications of the fungicides at growth stages （GS） 55 （heading） and 65 （flowering）. Stem rust severities were scored using the modified Cobb scale at 14-day intervals after application. The data were used to calculate mean rust severity （MRS）. Stem rust epidemics were severe at KARI-Njoro in 2008 and the treatment effects on stem rust severities, grain yield and 1,000 kernel weights were significant at both KARI-Njoro and Mau-Narok sites. The fungicide treatments, significantly （P _〈 0.05） reduced stem rust severity, increased grain yield and 1,000 kernel weight of the susceptible wheat cultivar Duma compared to the non-treated control. Both fungicides： Nativo 300 SC and Prosaro 250 EC applied at the rate of 1.0 L hat were recommended for commercial use.
