粳稻种质资源籽粒锌、铁含量与SSR标记的关联分析

选用57对均匀分布在水稻全基因组的SSR标记对155份粳稻种质资源进行检测,研究粳稻籽粒锌、铁含量与SSR标记的关联性,以期为改良水稻籽粒营养品质的优异亲本的选择、组配提供理论支持和材料保障。结果表明,锌含量与铁含量呈极显著正相关;在57个SSR标记位点中,共检测到257个等位基因,平均每个位点检测到4.51个等位基因,平均有效等位基因数为2.60个,Nei's遗传多样性指数和Shannon's信息指数的平均值分别为0.539 5和1.023 8。通过关联分析发现,与籽粒锌含量显著关联的位点有3个,分别为RM5461-4、RM5647-2、RM7356-1,表型贡献率分别为7.59%、5.89%、4.72%,增加表型效应最大的等位变异是RM5647-2,载体品种为长粒-5;与籽粒铁含量显著关联的位点有20个,表型贡献率介于2.56%～7.33%,表型贡献率最高的等位变异是RM3600-1,增加表型效应最大的等位变异是I2-3,载体品种是粮香5号。

Na_2SeO_3处理水稻种子对早期幼苗磷、镁、铁、锌、铜和锰含量的影响

研究了0μmol/L,0.25μmol/L,0.50μmol/L,1.0μmol/L和2.0μmol/L Na2SeO3处理水稻种子对早期幼苗磷、镁、铁、锌、铜和锰含量的影响。结果表明,0.25μmol/L Na2SeO3处理显著提高幼根磷、铜和锰含量,而对幼叶磷、镁、铁、锌、铜和锰含量影响较小;0.5μmol/L Na2SeO3处理显著提高幼根磷、铁、铜和锰含量,同时提高幼叶磷、镁、铁、锌、铜和锰含量;1.0μmol/L Na2SeO3处理显著提高幼根铁和铜含量,降低镁含量,提高幼叶磷、镁、铁、锌、铜和锰含量;2.0μmol/L Na2SeO3处理显著提高幼根铁、锌和铜含量,降低镁含量,提高幼叶磷、铁、锌、铜和锰含量。可见,0.25μmol/L和0.50μmol/L Na2SeO3处理水稻种子有利于提高幼根磷、铜和锰含量,0.50μmol/L,1.0μmol/L和2.0μmol/L Na2SeO3处理有利于提高幼叶磷、铁、锌、铜和锰含量。

不同基因型冬小麦对氮肥与锌铁肥配施的反应

以10种不同基因型冬小麦为材料,采用田间再裂区设计,研究了不同氮肥用量(0,105 kg N/hm2)与锌铁用量(Zn:0,6.8 kg/hm2;Fe:0,12.1 kg/hm2)对冬小麦幼苗(返青期)生长及锌铁吸收的影响。结果表明,施氮对10种基因型冬小麦的生物量、分蘖数和叶绿素SPAD值均有显著影响,增幅分别达到15.8%,14.7%,4.6%;施用锌铁肥后生物量增加8.0%,但分蘖数减少5.8%,而对叶绿素SPAD值几乎无影响;10种不同基因型小麦植株的长势有较大差异。施用氮肥后,显著提高了各基因型小麦植株的锌含量与锌携出量,平均提高7.6%和22.9%,而小麦植株铁的含量降低6.4%,但携出量提高7.2%;施用锌铁肥显著增加了小麦的锌含量和携出量,增幅分别11.9%和19.2%,但对铁的含量和携出量影响不显著。10种不同基因型小麦植株锌铁携出量存在一定差异,吸收值较高的三种基因型分别为绵阳31、陕优225、陕优253。

Sensory and Organoleptic Characteristic, Zinc and Iron Content of Fortified Chips from Cassava Flour

Iron fortification can cause several biophysicochemical modifications. Those depend on many factors, such as iron fortificant and the food carrier. There were four groups of chips： 1） non-fortified wheat flour chips （K1）; 2） non-fortified cassava flour chips （K2）; 3） fortified cassava flour chips, each with ZnSO4 30 ppm and NaFe EDTA （K3） 30 ppm and 4） fortified cassava flour chips, each with ZnSO4 50 ppm and NaFe EDTA （K4） 50 ppm. The chips were evaluated for sensory characteristic （color, taste, flavor, and texture）, organoleptic characteristics tested by preference test, as well as zinc and iron contents. Zinc and iron contents were analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectophotometric method. The results showed that both fortificants did not affect the sensory characteristic of cassava flour chips. The preference test showed that color, taste, and flavor of Kl chips as a control, were mostly liked, but there was no significant difference preference of texture. Moreover, preference test using K2 as control showed that color of K3 was mostly liked, but there was no significant difference preference of taste, flavor and texture. Fortification can increase the contents of zinc and iron in cassava flour chips. The panelist can accept the fortified cassava chips as well as wheat flour chip, as a consequence, both can be a potential way to combat the iron deficiency anemia.

Iron and Zinc Serum Levels in Young Adult Cameroonians after Supplementation in Poor Vitamin A and Controlled Diets

Iron, zinc and vitamin A deficiencies co-exist in Cameroon in all age groups. However, natural sources of vitamin A are available and could be used to meet the need of the whole population in association with iron and zinc supplementation. This study aims at assessing the serum levels of zinc and iron after 11 days of supplementation. The study enrolled 26 men 08-33 years）, distributed into five groups. From the first day, they were supplemented with 20 mg of zinc and iron, taken each alone, both either together or at two different times. The five last days, participants were put on free vitamin A diets. Serums were obtained at day l, day 5 and day 11 for Zn and Fe levels determination by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The highest serum iron and zinc concentrations were observed in groups either supplemented with zinc or with iron given alone. In those two groups, serum Zn concentrations increased from 0.69 μg/mL ±0.02μg/mL to 0.95 μg/mL ± 0.13 μg/mL （group 2）, from 0.48 μg/mL ± 0.06 μg/mL to 0.97 μg/mL ± 0.11 μg/mL （group 3）; and serum Fe concentrations from 1.49 μg/mL ± 0.54 μg/mL to 3.49 μg/mL ± 1.01 μg/mL （group 2）; and from 1.42 μg/mL ± 0.45 μg/mL to 3.41 μg/mL ± 0.81 μg/mL （group 3）, respectively. Supplementation with Fe or Zn alone increased both Fe and Zn serum levels of participants. Serum levels of iron and zinc when given together or at different time were not significantly different. Further studies on a larger population are necessary to confirm that supplementation with zinc or with iron alone could raise both zinc and iron levels in serum simultaneously.