微生物处理含锑重金属废水的研究进展

锑及其化合物是全球性污染物和优先控制污染物,其在水环境中呈现的环境危害已引起了国际科学界的高度关注和忧虑。微生物吸附除锑是目前最安全、经济、环境友好、选择强、避免二次污染的除锑方法与技术。对主要藻类、细菌和真菌等微生物除锑的特性、机理、等温吸附模型与吸附动力学等方面的研究进行了总结与分析,旨在为水体中锑污染控制与治理提供参考。建议今后在以下几个方面加强研究:(1)吸附除锑微生物与锑氧化菌的筛选与鉴定,并基于此进行微生物吸附剂制备及改性制备;(2)锑在微生物吸附剂与水环境体系中的赋存形态、价态转化、迁移转化、去除控制方法等有待进一步研究;(3)微生物吸附材料吸附除锑机理有待借助先进的表征技术进行定性与定量解析,实现优先吸附位点和官能团的优化调控。

上海某污染场地重金属锑和多环芳烃污染土壤修复效果及评价

上海市虹口区某场地规划作为住宅用地,经前期场地调查发现,场地内部分调查点位的土壤中多环芳烃和重金属锑的含量超标。场地污染风险控制的总体思路是通过对多环芳烃污染土壤进行修复而削减污染源,对重金属污染土壤进行稳定化从而阻断其暴露途径。从原位修复和异位修复的角度考虑,由于污染物大部分集中于地表以下1. 3 m以内的浅层土壤中,因此更适合采用开挖后原地异位修复的模式,多环芳烃污染土壤经修复后并通过验收进行原位回填;重金属锑污染修复土壤用于市政道路两边绿化用土。

Soil Contamination by Heavy Metals and Evaluations on Potential Ecological Risks in an Antimony Mine

To study the status of soil quality in an antimony mine, soil samples were collected from different regions and the elements＇ contents of Sb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb, Hg, Ni and As were analyzed using single factor pollution index, Nemerow index and potential ecological risk index. The heavy metal contamination of soils were evaluated. The results showed that Nemerow index for each sampled point was less than 0.7, meaning a clean state. When potential ecological risk assessment was conducted, the sampled point was less than 150, belonging to light pollution.