特厚顶煤大断面全煤巷道高预应力锚杆(索)支护机理及应用研究

塔山煤矿3-5~#煤层8105工作面5105辅运巷为特厚顶煤大断面全煤巷道,受多种因素影响巷道支护困难。采用单轴、三轴压缩试验对比研究了煤体在不同围压下的破坏特征;揭示出锚杆、索的高预应力可使巷道顶煤和巷帮煤体由二向或低围压三向受力状态变成高围压三向受力状态。数值模拟结果表明,锚杆、索施加的高预应力并配套合理的护表构件可形成有效压应力区并实现预应力在煤体中的有效扩散,因而在保证可锚的前提下应尽量提高锚杆、索的预紧力,并采用合理配套的护表构件。5105辅运巷现场试验表明,高预紧力使得掘进与回采期间锚杆与锚索受力变化不明显,有效控制了巷道围岩强烈变形。

Applied on bolting-cable anchor support of full-seam roadway in weaker thick coal seam

The designing method and the supporting mechanism of both bolt and small cable anchor for full seam roadway in the weaker thick coal seam are systematically analyzed, and the construction technology and the supporting results are briefly summarized.