The typical Haber technical process for industrial NH_(3)production involves plenty of energy-consumption and large quantities of greenhouse gas emission.In contrast,electrochemical N_(2)reduction proffers environment...The typical Haber technical process for industrial NH_(3)production involves plenty of energy-consumption and large quantities of greenhouse gas emission.In contrast,electrochemical N_(2)reduction proffers environment-friendly and energy-efficient avenues to synthesize NH_(3)at mild conditions but demands efficient electrocatalysts for the N_(2)reduction reaction(NRR).Herein we report for the first time that commercial indium-tin oxide glass(ITO/G)can be used as a catalyst electrode toward artificial N_(2)fixation,as it demonstrates excellent selectivity at mild conditions.Such ITO/G delivers excellent NRR performance with a NH_(3)yield of 1.06×10^(-10) mol s^(-1) cm^(-2) and a faradaic efficiency of 6.17%at-0.40 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE)in 0.5 M LiClO4.Furthermore,the ITO/G also possesses good electrochemical stability and durability.Finally,the possible reaction mechanism for the NRR on the ITO catalysts was explored using first-principles calculations.展开更多
Under the globalization, the coastal China becomes a hot area of the international manufacturing investment due to its priority location, excellent environment, lower labor and land costs, etc. However, the fast indus...Under the globalization, the coastal China becomes a hot area of the international manufacturing investment due to its priority location, excellent environment, lower labor and land costs, etc. However, the fast industrialization has aroused the great demolishment to the local ecological environment. For example, the heavy water eutrophication in Taihu Lake has affected the source of drinking water for the cities around the lake. Anyway, in order to keep the economic increase and reduce the resource ex- pense and pollution at the same time, it is necessary to encourage the greening of industrial enterprises actively for sustainable de- velopment. On the basis of the investigation of industrial enter- prises in Wuxi city within Taihu Basin, the relatively developed region in coastal China, this paper analyzed the development process of green industry. This article concluded that governmen- tal principal is the main pressure for enterprises to protect envi- ronment while the market factor plays a part role. Moreover, en- terprises in the high technology development zone work better in environmental protection than those in the villages and towns, while the large enterprises work better than those small enterprises.展开更多
The purpose of this study is to investigate relationship between health and environmental problems in the district of Istanbul. This study is a cross-sectional questionnaire study that was conducted in the Silivri amo...The purpose of this study is to investigate relationship between health and environmental problems in the district of Istanbul. This study is a cross-sectional questionnaire study that was conducted in the Silivri among the dates of 25th May-24th July, 2015. Questionnaires were conducted from 221 people living in Silivri with face to face interviews by researchers. Most of participants （82.4%） thought the presence of hazardous environmental factors deteriorated their health （n = 182）. Water pollution （48.4%, n = 107） and absence of free water （50.7%, n = 112） were the most common complaints of the participants. Analyzing distribution of factors which disrupt health and history of chronic disease to urban and rural areas revealed more complaints about those factors and diseases in the rural areas than urban areas. The most common chronic diseases diagnosed were hypertension （15.8%, n = 35）, chronic lung diseases （10.4%, n = 23）, diabetes and coronary artery disease. Silivri people reported a lot of environmental problems which impair the public health. People living in villages close to industrial zone and seas which have marine pollution have more history of diseases and report more factors that negatively influence the health than people living in urban area.展开更多
Tin films on copper substrate, obtained by electrodeposition procedure, were structural and electrochemical characterized. In particular to investigate the possibility to use such metal as possible negative electrode ...Tin films on copper substrate, obtained by electrodeposition procedure, were structural and electrochemical characterized. In particular to investigate the possibility to use such metal as possible negative electrode in Na＋ rechargeable batteries, EPS （electrochemical potential spectroscopy） and galvanostatic charge/discharge cycling of the electrodes were investigated, at room temperature in organic electrolyte. Three crystalline and one amorphous phases were identified as well as high discharge capacity （738 mAb/g） was obtained after 4 cycles. Unfortunately material fading, due to the internal stress during sodiation/desodiation process, causes poor cyclability.展开更多
Polychlorinated naphthalene （PCNs） is similar structure and toxicity of dioxin （PCDD/Fs）, it can be detected in the global environmental and biological samples. This paper introduces the main source of PCNs in the...Polychlorinated naphthalene （PCNs） is similar structure and toxicity of dioxin （PCDD/Fs）, it can be detected in the global environmental and biological samples. This paper introduces the main source of PCNs in the environment and environmental fate, sludge PCNs pollution level in 1.48-28.21 ng/g （dry weight）, PCN-TEQs content is in 0.11-2.45 pg/g （dry weight）, far below the content of other areas in foreign countries. The results showed that the sources of wastewater, sewage treatment plant is an important factor affecting the level of polychlorinated naphthalene pollution. Discussion on the distribution characteristics of sludge in polychlorinated naphthalene congeners, found that the distribution of PCNs congeners in all of the samples is largely the same, it is mainly two chloride and three chloro naphthalene, it showed that the pollution source has a certain resemblance. Research shows that, polychlorinated naphthalenes city sludge mainly comes from industrial pollution sources; in addition, an important source of waste incineration, burning heat treatment process is caused by polychlorinated naphthalene pollution.展开更多
Extreme ultraviolet lithography is most promising for the next generation lithography. However, debris from laser-produced plasma, particularly energetic ions, severely decreases the lifetime of extreme ultraviolet op...Extreme ultraviolet lithography is most promising for the next generation lithography. However, debris from laser-produced plasma, particularly energetic ions, severely decreases the lifetime of extreme ultraviolet optics. We measured the characteris- tics of ions from tin plasma by the time of flight method with a frequency-doubled Nd： YAG laser at the intensity of 3.5x1010 W/cm2 （532 nm, 8 ns）. Our measurement shows that the maximum and peak of tin ions energies from plasma under the above experimental parameters are about 4.2 and 1.8 keV, respectively. Moreover, it is found that kinetic energy angular distribution of tin ions can be fitted by cos0.8（θ）, where θ is the angle with respect to the target normal. We also investigated the mitigation effect of argon, helium gases to the tin ions, and found that tin ions from the plasma can be mitigated effectively at the pressure -38 mTorr for argon or -375 mTorr for helium, respectively.展开更多
ABSTRACT LiNi0.5Mn1.5-xSnxO4 （0≤x≤ 0.1） cathode materials with uniform and fine particle sizes were successfully synthesized by a two-step calcination of solid-state reaction method. As the cathode materials for l...ABSTRACT LiNi0.5Mn1.5-xSnxO4 （0≤x≤ 0.1） cathode materials with uniform and fine particle sizes were successfully synthesized by a two-step calcination of solid-state reaction method. As the cathode materials for lithium ion batteries, the LiNi0.5Mn1.48Sn0.0204 shows the highest specific capacity and cycle stability. In the potential range of 3.5-4.9 V at room temperature, LiNi0.5MnL4sSn0.0204 composite material shows a discharge capacity of more than 117 mA h g-1 at 0.1 C, while the corresponding discharge capacity of undoped LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 is only 101 mA h g-1. Moreover, in cycle performance, all the LiNi0.5Mnl.5-xSnxO4 （0 ≤ x≤ 0.1） samples show better capacity retention than the undoped LiNio.sMnx.sO4 at 1 C rate after 100 cycles. Especially, for the LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4, the discharge capacity after 100 cycles is 90 mA h g-1, while the corresponding discharge capacities of the undoped LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 is only 56.1 mA h g-1. The significantly enhanced DLi＋ and the enlarged electronic conductivity make the Sn-doped spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.504 material present even more excellent electrochemical performances. These results reveal that Sn-doping is an effective way to improve electrochemical performances of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4.展开更多
文摘The typical Haber technical process for industrial NH_(3)production involves plenty of energy-consumption and large quantities of greenhouse gas emission.In contrast,electrochemical N_(2)reduction proffers environment-friendly and energy-efficient avenues to synthesize NH_(3)at mild conditions but demands efficient electrocatalysts for the N_(2)reduction reaction(NRR).Herein we report for the first time that commercial indium-tin oxide glass(ITO/G)can be used as a catalyst electrode toward artificial N_(2)fixation,as it demonstrates excellent selectivity at mild conditions.Such ITO/G delivers excellent NRR performance with a NH_(3)yield of 1.06×10^(-10) mol s^(-1) cm^(-2) and a faradaic efficiency of 6.17%at-0.40 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE)in 0.5 M LiClO4.Furthermore,the ITO/G also possesses good electrochemical stability and durability.Finally,the possible reaction mechanism for the NRR on the ITO catalysts was explored using first-principles calculations.
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China (No.40371031).
文摘Under the globalization, the coastal China becomes a hot area of the international manufacturing investment due to its priority location, excellent environment, lower labor and land costs, etc. However, the fast industrialization has aroused the great demolishment to the local ecological environment. For example, the heavy water eutrophication in Taihu Lake has affected the source of drinking water for the cities around the lake. Anyway, in order to keep the economic increase and reduce the resource ex- pense and pollution at the same time, it is necessary to encourage the greening of industrial enterprises actively for sustainable de- velopment. On the basis of the investigation of industrial enter- prises in Wuxi city within Taihu Basin, the relatively developed region in coastal China, this paper analyzed the development process of green industry. This article concluded that governmen- tal principal is the main pressure for enterprises to protect envi- ronment while the market factor plays a part role. Moreover, en- terprises in the high technology development zone work better in environmental protection than those in the villages and towns, while the large enterprises work better than those small enterprises.
文摘The purpose of this study is to investigate relationship between health and environmental problems in the district of Istanbul. This study is a cross-sectional questionnaire study that was conducted in the Silivri among the dates of 25th May-24th July, 2015. Questionnaires were conducted from 221 people living in Silivri with face to face interviews by researchers. Most of participants （82.4%） thought the presence of hazardous environmental factors deteriorated their health （n = 182）. Water pollution （48.4%, n = 107） and absence of free water （50.7%, n = 112） were the most common complaints of the participants. Analyzing distribution of factors which disrupt health and history of chronic disease to urban and rural areas revealed more complaints about those factors and diseases in the rural areas than urban areas. The most common chronic diseases diagnosed were hypertension （15.8%, n = 35）, chronic lung diseases （10.4%, n = 23）, diabetes and coronary artery disease. Silivri people reported a lot of environmental problems which impair the public health. People living in villages close to industrial zone and seas which have marine pollution have more history of diseases and report more factors that negatively influence the health than people living in urban area.
文摘Tin films on copper substrate, obtained by electrodeposition procedure, were structural and electrochemical characterized. In particular to investigate the possibility to use such metal as possible negative electrode in Na＋ rechargeable batteries, EPS （electrochemical potential spectroscopy） and galvanostatic charge/discharge cycling of the electrodes were investigated, at room temperature in organic electrolyte. Three crystalline and one amorphous phases were identified as well as high discharge capacity （738 mAb/g） was obtained after 4 cycles. Unfortunately material fading, due to the internal stress during sodiation/desodiation process, causes poor cyclability.
文摘Polychlorinated naphthalene （PCNs） is similar structure and toxicity of dioxin （PCDD/Fs）, it can be detected in the global environmental and biological samples. This paper introduces the main source of PCNs in the environment and environmental fate, sludge PCNs pollution level in 1.48-28.21 ng/g （dry weight）, PCN-TEQs content is in 0.11-2.45 pg/g （dry weight）, far below the content of other areas in foreign countries. The results showed that the sources of wastewater, sewage treatment plant is an important factor affecting the level of polychlorinated naphthalene pollution. Discussion on the distribution characteristics of sludge in polychlorinated naphthalene congeners, found that the distribution of PCNs congeners in all of the samples is largely the same, it is mainly two chloride and three chloro naphthalene, it showed that the pollution source has a certain resemblance. Research shows that, polychlorinated naphthalenes city sludge mainly comes from industrial pollution sources; in addition, an important source of waste incineration, burning heat treatment process is caused by polychlorinated naphthalene pollution.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation ofChina (Grant Nos. 60978014,61178022 and 11074027)the Basic Research Fund from Sci. & Tech. Department of Jilin Province (Grant Nos.20100521,20100168 and 20111812)
文摘Extreme ultraviolet lithography is most promising for the next generation lithography. However, debris from laser-produced plasma, particularly energetic ions, severely decreases the lifetime of extreme ultraviolet optics. We measured the characteris- tics of ions from tin plasma by the time of flight method with a frequency-doubled Nd： YAG laser at the intensity of 3.5x1010 W/cm2 （532 nm, 8 ns）. Our measurement shows that the maximum and peak of tin ions energies from plasma under the above experimental parameters are about 4.2 and 1.8 keV, respectively. Moreover, it is found that kinetic energy angular distribution of tin ions can be fitted by cos0.8（θ）, where θ is the angle with respect to the target normal. We also investigated the mitigation effect of argon, helium gases to the tin ions, and found that tin ions from the plasma can be mitigated effectively at the pressure -38 mTorr for argon or -375 mTorr for helium, respectively.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Program of WeiHai(2015DXGJMS017)HIT&Yun Shan Group Research and Development on Graphite Area
文摘ABSTRACT LiNi0.5Mn1.5-xSnxO4 （0≤x≤ 0.1） cathode materials with uniform and fine particle sizes were successfully synthesized by a two-step calcination of solid-state reaction method. As the cathode materials for lithium ion batteries, the LiNi0.5Mn1.48Sn0.0204 shows the highest specific capacity and cycle stability. In the potential range of 3.5-4.9 V at room temperature, LiNi0.5MnL4sSn0.0204 composite material shows a discharge capacity of more than 117 mA h g-1 at 0.1 C, while the corresponding discharge capacity of undoped LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 is only 101 mA h g-1. Moreover, in cycle performance, all the LiNi0.5Mnl.5-xSnxO4 （0 ≤ x≤ 0.1） samples show better capacity retention than the undoped LiNio.sMnx.sO4 at 1 C rate after 100 cycles. Especially, for the LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4, the discharge capacity after 100 cycles is 90 mA h g-1, while the corresponding discharge capacities of the undoped LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 is only 56.1 mA h g-1. The significantly enhanced DLi＋ and the enlarged electronic conductivity make the Sn-doped spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.504 material present even more excellent electrochemical performances. These results reveal that Sn-doping is an effective way to improve electrochemical performances of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4.
