轧后热处理工艺对AZ31镁合金铸轧板组织性能的影响

将AZ31镁合铸轧板在350℃热轧,随后在不同的条件下对其进行热处理,观察并研究了不同热处理工艺下AZ31镁合金热轧板的微观组织和力学性能的演变规律。结果表明:AZ31镁合金轧制变形后的微观组织中,部分原始晶粒中有大量互相平行的孪晶,在原始晶界处出现了细小的动态再结晶晶粒;镁合金轧制板材在400℃退火1 h后,平均晶粒尺寸细化至6.3μm,板材的屈服强度与抗拉强度略微下降,伸长率明显提高,达到27.3%,表明合理的退火工艺可以有效地提高镁合金板材的室温塑性。

超声电磁复合场对AZ31B镁合金铸轧板带组织性能的影响

利用水平式双辊铸轧机进行了AZ31B镁合金超声波电磁复合场板带的铸轧试验,成功试制出了厚3mm、宽200mm的AZ31B镁合金铸轧板,研究了超声波电磁复合场对铸轧镁合金板带金相组织性能的影响。结果表明,在AZ31B镁合金铸轧过程中施加超声波电磁复合场能够使晶粒细化,组织更加均匀,平均晶粒尺寸由不加超声波电磁复合场时的30～60μm减小至10～20μm;板带坯力学性能也得到有效改善,抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率分别提高了23.6%、43.2%、107.2%,硬度提高了10%。在此基础上探讨了超声波空化效应及电磁效应对铸轧镁合金板带组织细化的作用机制。

AZ31B镁合金铸轧板的织构和冲压性能的分析

在室温条件下,AZ31B镁合金的塑性加工难度较大,而影响其加工难度的主要因素就是AZ31B镁合金的织构以及冲压性能。基于此,笔者自制AZ31B镁合金铸轧板,分别制备了普通AZ31B镁合金以及复合能场AZ31B镁合金铸轧板,对两者的织构与冲压性能进行了分析,分析的结果显示,普通AZ31B镁合金铸轧板的织构强度更大,冲压性能相对较差。

镁合金铸轧凝固过程与铸坯组织特征分析

数值模拟了镁合金铸轧凝固中传热与流动过程,分析了铸轧速度对铸坯凝固温度场、流场的影响。制备了镁合金铸轧板坯,采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜等分析了板坯组织、形貌及成分分布特征。根据数值模拟结果与铸坯组织特征,分析了铸轧板坯中心线偏析形成过程。结果表明,镁合金铸轧速度显著影响铸轧区熔体的传热与流动过程,并决定铸坯全凝固点位置;铸轧区中熔体沿垂直轧辊面间存在强烈的热交换,铸坯沿传热反方向形成发达的柱状晶,溶质元素在凝固前沿固液界面处发生溶质再分配,Al、Zn元素在上下凝壳焊合位置富集,形成中心线偏析。

AZ31B变形镁合金水平式双辊连续铸轧试验研究

为探索变形镁合金薄板的加工新方法，设计了工艺路线和工艺参数，采用混合气体保护措施，用水平式双辊连续铸轧法成功试制出6mm×600mm×（5000～）mm的AZ31B变形镁合金铸轧板。铸轧供坯轧制的薄板力学性能达到或接近于同规格的热（温）轧、挤压产品的水平。试验表明：用水平式双辊连续铸轧法生产变形镁合金的工艺是可行的。

宽幅AZ31B铸轧镁合金温轧工艺条件的组织性能

在温度范围为300~450℃,压下率为20%~40%,轧制速度为0.1~0.8 m/s工艺条件下对宽幅AZ31B铸轧镁合金进行了多组温轧试验,而后对轧后的镁板分别进行室温拉伸,并用光学显微镜观察各条件轧制后的组织形态,用SEM观察拉伸试样断口形貌,同时进行往复摩擦实验。研究表明:轧制温度为350℃,轧制速度为0.1 m/s,压下率为30%时可以获得很好的断裂强度,在此温轧条件下镁合金板材的耐磨损系数增加了80%;温度为450℃,轧制速度为0.8 m/s,压下率为40%时可以获得很好的塑性变形能力;压下率超过30%之后,晶界处容易产生位错塞积,导致累积变形量增加及内应力激增,是镁合金边部产生微裂纹进而形成断裂失效的主要原因。

铸轧AZ31镁合金板温轧过程微观组织及裂纹研究

研究了铸轧AZ31镁合金在125、175、225℃及单道次压下量10%和15%温轧工艺条件下板带金相组织、XRD和裂纹变化规律。结果表明低温轧制过程塑性变形主要是孪晶,变形带和剪切带,随变形量增加,粗大晶粒减小,条状孪晶增加;随温度升高,组织发生了部分再结晶,单道次变形量增加,晶格畸变加剧,再结晶晶粒增多;温轧后形成了典型基面织构（0002）,且强度峰值随温度升高和压下量增加明显增强;尽管动态再结晶对裂纹愈合有明显积极作用,但过大压下量和过快温降导致变形不均匀性增加和裂纹无法完全消除。压下量10%,轧制温度200~250℃有利于铸轧AZ31镁合金后续温轧过程塑性改善和裂纹愈合。

AZ31铸轧镁合金植酸转化成膜过程机理研究

分别采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和Leica光学显微镜(OM)观察了AZ31铸轧镁合金板材的表面组织和其植酸转化膜表面形貌,利用电化学工作站监测铸轧板的植酸转化膜成膜过程的电位-转化时间曲线,通过OM、极化曲线等方法分析了转化时间对转化膜表面形貌及腐蚀速率的影响,研究并分析了铸轧镁合金转化膜的成膜机理。结果表明:转化膜形成过程主要包括快速溶解、成膜初期、成膜中期和成膜后期4个阶段;转化膜主要由大量的等轴状的网纹膜组成,网纹膜尺寸随处理时间的增加而减小,而网纹宽度则增大;转化膜的腐蚀速率随处理时间的延长呈现先减小后增加的趋势,这与转化膜的结构、致密性相关。阳极极化过程主要以孔蚀和丝状腐蚀为主,这主要与铸轧板存在的微观裂纹缺陷有关。

AZ31铸轧镁合金脉冲TIG焊接工艺研究

粗晶是造成铸轧镁合金AZ31焊接接头发生严重弱化的主要原因,合理的焊接工艺方案是解决焊接性问题的关键。通过研究交流TIG和脉冲TIG焊接工艺对铸轧镁合金拉伸性能的影响。结果表明:脉冲焊接熔池两侧区域的冷却速度快,晶粒更均匀,晶粒度更小;通过拉伸试验,脉冲TIG焊焊接接头的抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率均高于交流TIG焊,具有更好的焊接性。

AZ31B镁合金板材轧制边裂与温度场研究

在轧制温度为350℃,轧制速度为0.5 m/s,压下量分别为20%,30%,40%的不同工艺条件下,对规格为150mm×150 mm×7 mm的AZ31B镁合金铸轧板材进行了轧制实验和数值模拟研究。对镁合金板材的表面温度场和裂纹应力状态进行了分析,并建立了其表面温度梯度数学模型。分析在不同轧制条件下AZ31B镁合金板的边裂损伤和温度分布的有限元数值模拟结果以及轧后显微组织,并将数值模拟计算结果和实验结果进行比较。结果表明:在同一温度条件下,随着轧制压下量的增大,镁合金板塑性变形产生的热量增大,而小压下量条件容易促进MgZn2和Mg2Si等脆性相的产生。因此,减少长条形孪晶和脆性相产生是控制边部裂纹的关键因素之一。

Microstructure of asymmetric twin-roll cast AZ31 magnesium alloy

The microstructural distribution along thickness of asymmetric twin-roll cast AZ31 magnesium alloy slab was investigated. It was found that the microstructure along the thickness of the slab was significantly inhomogeneous. There were many deformed bands with flow form near the upper surface of twin-roll cast plate. Very few deformed bands could be seen in the central part of the plate where the dendrites were thick. Fine dendritic structures dominated near the lower surface of the twin-roll cast strip. It is concluded that the shear strain caused by linear velocity difference between surfaces of upper and lower rolls results in the deformed bands of the twin-roll cast slab. Aluminum, zinc and manganese segregate to the boundary of dendrites, while silicon distributes inside the α-Mg solid solution.

Grain refinement of Mg-Al alloys by optimization of process parameters based on three-dimensional finite element modeling of roll casting

To study the influence of roll casting process parameters on temperature and thermal-stress fields for the AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets,three-dimensional geometric and 3D finite element models for roll casting were established based on the symmetry of roll casting by ANSYS software.Meshing method and smart-sizing algorithm were used to divide finite element mesh in ANSYS software.A series of researches on the temperature and stress distributions during solidification process with different process parameters were done by 3D finite element method.The temperatures of both the liquid-solid two-phase zone and liquid phase zone were elevated with increasing pouring temperature.With the heat transfer coefficient increasing,the two-phase region for liquid-solid becomes smaller.With the pouring temperature increasing and the increase of casting speed,the length of two-phase zone rises.The optimized of process parameters（casting speed 2 m/min,pouring temperature 640 ℃ and heat transfer coefficient 15 kW/（m2·℃） with the water pouring at roller exit was used to produce magnesium alloy AZ31 sheet,and equiaxed grains with the average grain size of 50 μm were achieved after roll casting.The simulation results give better understanding of the temperature variation in phase transformation zone and the formation mechanism of hot cracks in plates during roll casting and help to design the optimized process parameters of roll casting for Mg alloy.

Influence of temperature and strain rate on flow stress behavior of twin-roll cast, rolled and heat-treated AZ31 magnesium alloys

The effects of temperature and strain rate on the flow stress behavior of twin-roll cast, rolled and heat-treated AZ31 magnesium alloys were investigated under uniaxial tension. At high temperatures, dynamic recovery, continuous dynamic recrystallization, grain boundary sliding and the activation of additional slip systems lead to an improvement of the ductility of the alloys. The elongation to failure is nearly independent of the strain rate between 473 and 523 K at 10-2 s-1 and 10-1 s-1, which is related to the strain rate dependence of the critical resolved shear stress（CRSS） for nonbasal slip. Despite the high temperature, twins are even observed at 573 K and 10-3 s-1 because they have a low CRSS.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-6Al-0.3Mn-xY alloys prepared by casting and hot rolling

Mg-6Al-0.3Mn-xY(x=0,0.3,0.6 and 0.9,mass fraction,%) magnesium alloys were prepared by casting and hot rolling process.The influence of yttrium on microstructure and tensile mechanical properties of the AM60 magnesium alloy was investigated.The results reveal that with increasing the yttrium content,Al2Y precipitates form and the grain size is reduced.The ultimate strength,yield strength and elongation at room temperature are 192 MPa,62 MPa and 12.6%,respectively,for the as-cast Mg-6Al-0.3Mn-0.9Y alloy.All these properties are improved obviously by hot rolling,and the values are up to 303 MPa,255 MPa and 17.1%,respectively,for the rolled Mg-6Al-0.3Mn-0.9Y alloy.The improvement of mechanical properties is attributed to continuous dynamic recrystallization and the existence of highly thermal stable Al2Y precipitate which impedes the movement of dislocation effectively.

Dynamic tensile behaviors of AZ31B magnesium alloy processed by twin-roll casting and sequential hot rolling

The dynamic tensile behavior of twin-roll cast-rolled and hot-rolled AZ31B magnesium alloy was characterized over strainrates ranging from 0.001 to 375 s^-1 at room temperature using an elaborate dynamic tensile testing method, and the relationshipbetween its mechanical properties and microstructures. It is observed that the sheet has a strong initial basal fiber texture andmechanical twinning becomes prevalent to accommodate the high-rate deformation. The yield strength and ultimate tensile strengthmonotonically increase with increasing the strain rate, while the strain hardening exponent proportionally decreases with increasingthe strain rate due to twinning-induced softening. The total elongation at fracture distinctly decreases as the strain rate increasesunder quasi-static tension, while the effect of strain rate on the total elongation is not distinct under dynamic tension. Fractographicanalysis using a scanning electron microscope reveals that the fracture is a mixed mode of ductile and brittle fracture.

Effect of rolling temperature on microstructure and texture of twin roll cast ZK60 magnesium alloy

Twin roll cast ZK60 alloy strip/sheet with final thickness of 0.5 mm was prepared, and effect of rolling temperature on microstructure and texture development was investigated using OM and XRD technique, microstructure and texture were measured on specimens subjected to rolling experiment at different rolling temperature, and macrotexture was also evaluated by X-ray diffraction method. In addition, the （1010）and （0002） pole figures were measured, and the tensile test was performed to reveal the influence of rolling temperature on mechanical properties. The results show that the microstrucmre of ZK60 alloy sheet consisted of fibrous structure with elongated grains, and shear bands along the rolling direction after warm rolling. Dynamic recrystallization could be found during the warm rolling process at rolling temperature 350℃ and above. And many fine recrystallized grain could be observed in the shear bands area. It is a little difficult to see the recrystallized grain in the sheet warm rolled at 300℃ because of higher density of shear bands. The warm rolled ZK60 alloy sheet exhibited strong （0002） pole texture, the intensity of （0002） pole figure decreases with the increasing of rolling temperature and the basal pole tilted slightly to the transverse direction after warm rolling.

Dynamic modeling of twin roll casting AZ41 magnesium alloy during hot compression processing

A dynamic material model of Mg-4.51Al-1.19Zn-0.5Mn-0.5Ca(AZ41,mass fraction,%)magnesium alloy was put forward.The results show that the dynamic material model can characterize the deformation behavior and microstructure evolution and describe the relations among flow stress,strain,strain rates and deformation temperatures.Statistical analysis shows the validity of the proposed model.The model predicts that lower deformation temperature and higher strain rate cause the sharp strain hardening. Meanwhile,the flow stress curve turns into a steady state at high temperature and lower strain rate.The moderate temperature of 350 ℃and strain rate of 0.01 s-1 are appropriate to this alloy.

Effects of Al and Ca on microstructure and surface defect of magnesium alloy thin strip

Mg-Al-Zn alloy thin strips were prepared by vertical twin-roll casting.Effects of Al and Ca on the microstructure and the surface defects of the thin strips were investigated.The results show that with the increase of Al content,the quantity of surface cracks of the thin strips increases rapidly and their locations are moved to the center of the thin strips.The alloy melts with more than 0.10%Ca(mass fraction)stick on the roller and a poor surface quality of the thin strips appears.With the increase of Al content,the microstructure of the thin strips evolves from singleα-Mg phase,characterized by the uniform and equiaxed recrystallization grains, to the combination of dendriticα-Mg with Al supersaturatedα-Mg.The minor addition of Ca can obviously refine the grains of Mg-3Al-1Zn thin strip because the formation of Al2Ca and the finest grains are obtained by adding 0.08%Ca.

Characteristics of hot tensile deformation and microstructure evolution of twin-roll cast AZ31B magnesium alloys

High temperature tensile properties and microstructure evolutions of twin-roll-cast AZ31B magnesium alloy were investigated over a strain rate range from 10-3 to 1 s-1.It is suggested that the dominant deformation mechanism in the lower strain rate regimes is dislocation creep controlled by grain boundary diffusion at lower temperature and by lattice diffusion at higher temperatures,respectively.Furthermore,dislocation glide and twinning are dominant deformation mechanisms at higher strain-rate.The processing map,the effective diffusion coefficient and activation energy map of the alloy were established.The relations of microstructure evolutions to the transition temperature of dominant diffusion process,the activation energy platform and the occurrence of the full dynamic recrystallization with the maximum peak efficiency were analyzed.It is revealed that the optimum conditions for thermo-mechanical processing of the alloy are at a temperature range from 553 to 593 K,and a strain rate range from 7×10-3 to 2×10-3 s-1.