高放废液贮槽气镇器脉冲搅拌系统研究

采用液 液脉冲射流技术 ,建立了高放废液贮槽气镇器脉冲搅拌系统实验装置。以水和模拟料液为介质 ,研究了不同液位条件下气镇器脉冲搅拌系统的几何参数、操作参数及控制条件等 ,确定了搅拌效果好、经济、安全的最佳工艺参数。实验结果表明 :气镇器脉冲搅拌器是用于搅拌含有不溶性固体颗粒的高放废液、防止其在贮槽中沉积和板结的安全可靠。

高放废液贮槽气镇器搅拌系统的数值模拟研究

以后处理厂高放废液贮槽气镇器搅拌系统为模拟对象,其中气相、液相和固相分别为空气、硝酸钠水溶液和球磨后的钛白粉,基于颗粒动力学理论,建立适用于高放废液贮槽气镇器搅拌系统的气、液、固三相流动的数学模型,用CFD商用计算软件对其进行计算,得到了高放废液贮槽气镇器搅拌过程中气、液和固三相的速度、压力和相含率等详细数据。研究结果表明,计算值与实验值吻合较好,验证了建立的数学模型的正确性和适用性,为高放废液贮槽气镇器搅拌系统进一步优化设计和放大提供参考。

中国传统镇器的艺术审美——以居室镇器为例

中国传统镇器有其独特的产生和发展史。镇有按压、驱邪的功用,镇器广泛出现在中国古代生活的方方面面。镇的具体物化大到镇水斗牛,小到桌上的镇博小兽这样的生活实用器,除了并不突出的实用功能外,这种完全有别于西方的传统器物类型,一方面表现出中国人独有的生活和审美方式,另一方面也体现出东方文化中对于器物的特殊认知。本文从居室镇器入手,从镇器的普遍使用,到其蕴含的吉祥文化和“和”的思想境界,及其所体现的生活态度阐述其文化意义;从因势象形的器物设计思想、和镇压含义相反的乖巧诙谐的视觉差,以及符合时代审美的艺术特征归纳其艺术价值。

殷周青铜器“人兽负器”造型与古之埋压、祭器巫术

殷周青铜器造型中有一种用人或兽顶扛肩负器物的形式。这种神器压负于人身或兽体的艺术设计,不能简单地理解为一种细节化的构思方式或者巧妙的艺术处理。它是包含着原始宗教观念的一种母题性显现。应把它放到上古时代衅祭神器以及埋压巫术的文化背景中予以考察,此类造型与镇魇法术、埋牲奉神的内涵有关系。

合理设计反馈电路以对PSM发射机进行镇噪

针对PSM发射机原有杂音补偿器在抵消杂音方面所存在的缺陷而设计了具有“静态使用、动态停用”特点的镇噪器,并详细阐述了设计思路及其优点。

Novel Design of HID Lamp Electronic Ballast for Automotive Systems

This paper presents a high intensity discharge（HID） lamp for automotive illumination. A novel type of ballast for HID is proposed without an acoustic resonance. The system consists of high frequency DC/DC converter,DC/AC inverter（SLA2403M）, high voltage igniter and a microcontroller unit（MCU）. The proposed ballast controls the complex start-up process and constant power process by programming on the rnicrocontroller. It is verified that experimental results agree well with the calculated ones. The ballast features such functions as failure protection, line under-voltage, line over-voltage, output short circuit and disconnection protections.

Discrete element method analysis of lateral resistance of fouled ballast bed

The lateral resistance of sleeper plays an important role in ensuring the stability of a railway track, which may change in the operation of railway, due to the fouling in the ballast bed. In this work, discrete element method was adopted to investigate the effect of fouling on the lateral resistance of sleeper. The shape information of ballast was captured by method of three-dimensional vision reconstruction. In order to calibrate the mechanical parameters and verify the models, a lateral resistance field test was carried out by using a custom-made device. The contact force distributions in the different parts of sleeper as well as the interaction between ballast and sleeper were discussed in depth. The results show that fouling of ballast bed evidently reduces the lateral resistance of sleeper and the decreasing degree is also related to the fouled position of ballast bed, in the order of shoulder > bottom > side.Therefore, the effect of fouling, especially the fouling in the ballast shoulder, on the lateral resistance of sleeper, should be taken into account in ballast track maintenance work.

Design and research on a variable ballast system for deep-sea manned submersibles

Variable ballast systems are necessary for manned submersibles to adjust their buoyancy.In this paper,the design of a variable ballast system for a manned submersible is described.The variable ballast system uses a super high pressure hydraulic seawater system.A super high pressure seawater pump and a deep-sea brushless DC motor are used to pump seawater into or from the variable ballast tank,increasing or decreasing the weight of the manned submersible.A magnetostrictive linear displacement transducer can detect the seawater level in the variable ballast tank.Some seawater valves are used to control pumping direction and control on-off states.The design and testing procedure for the valves is described.Finally,the future development of variable ballast systems and seawater hydraulic systems is projected.

Evaluation between Two Brazilian Railway Tracks

Most of Brazilian railways were built more than 100 years ago. Some of them were submitted to rebuilding processes while others were just overloaded by additional layers of ballast. Nowadays, Brazil is going through a new railway transport impulse in relation to the increase of load, despite of the necessary supply capacity. For this reason, there were developed evaluations from some Brazilian railways in order to determine their operational conditions. This work shows a comparative analysis of results from two parts of studied old railway, aiming to determine minimum features to enable them to accept higher load axis. One of these studied old railway parts did not have a sub-ballast layer in contrast to the other one. The strains and stresses of these old railway track parts were generated by the same locomotive.

A New-Style Two-Staged Dimmable Electronic Ballast

A two-staged electronic ballast with wide dimming range, high power factor(PF) and low electromagnetic interference(EMI) is presented. It changes the input voltage of the stage of power inverter for dimming control, so it overcomes some limitations of traditional electronic ballasts that use frequency variation. At the same time, the stage of power inverter runs under the soft-switching at the fixed switching frequency and reduces EMI greatly. Its principle and characteristic are analyzed in detail,and experimental and simulated results are obtained on a 40 W fluorescent lamp.

Analysis and Improvement of Automotive High Intensity Discharge Lamp Ballast Based on Microcontroller Unit

The superior performance of high intensity discharge（HID） headlamp is clearly shown for luxury sedans, and the lamp luminescence properties are analyzed. The principle of its ballast technology is analyzed in detail. For against the disadvantage of current ballast technology for sedans lamp, a novel type of electronic ballast for HID is designed based on programmable intelligent computer（PIC） microcontroller unit（MCU） and S1A2410M inverter and it provides guidance and can be easily used in control configuration selection and design. The feasibility and superiority of the system are proved.

Characteristics analysis and library development for piezoelectric transformer to drive a ballast for a 35 W class fluorescent lamp using PSPICE modeling

PSPICE model driven by an electric equivalent circuit of a piezoelectric circuit is presented. In order to confirm this model to be effective, an independent model of cold cathode fluorescent lamp(CCFL) driving circuit is used to conduct simulations, leading to a precise modeling. A library is configured through modeling and its accuracy is verified through simulations for widely used and representative lamps such as CCFL, fluorescent lamps, HID lamps, and electrodeless fluorescent lamps. On the basis of experiments, a lamp simulation is also performed using PSPICE, which allows us to take advantage of the lamp library easily. Also, PSPICE model driven by an electric equivalent circuit of a piezoelectric transformer is presented. In order to confirm this model to be effective, an independent model of CCFL driving circuit is used to conduct simulations, leading to a precise modeling. In addition, a new type of electronic ballast is proposed, which allows 35 W-class(T5-class) fluorescent lamp to work. This system is built by a rectifier which has improved power factor and half-bridge series resonant inverter. Also, with size of 27.5 mm high, 27.5 mm wide and 2.5 mm thick, the produced piezoelectric transformer has a high step-up ratio, through which it is possible for the electric ballast circuit to be lighter, smaller and more efficient. After the produced ballast is used to drive the fluorescent lamp for 25 min, it yields 0.95 in power factor correction, 86% in efficiency, 35.07 W in output voltage and 20.5 °C in temperature increase while meeting the characteristics of the 35 W-class fluorescent lamp.

Design of a spherical robot based on novel double ballast masses principle

A spherical robot based on a novel double ballast masses principle is developed for military reconnaissance and unknown environment exploration. The robot is driven by two DC motors, each of which drives one ballast mass, and the two ballast masses are placed symmetrically on the major axis. Compared with the traditional ballast mass principle, the robot has featured high speed, the ability of slope climbing and obstacle overcoming in linear motion. The robot has two inputs and three DOF, which is a nonholonomic and underactuated system. The dynamic model of the robot is constructed, and the linear motion performance of robot in theory is proved by Adams simulation. The control system is briefly introduced, and the performance of the prototype is tested by experiments at last.

Stress on Ballast-Bed and Deterioration of Geometry in a Railway Track

In Greece extended cracking of twin-block concrete sleepers （ties） and fouling of the ballast-bed were observed with implied problems of gauge widening and deterioration of track＇s geometry. This led to a ten-year investigation program, during which a new method was developed for the estimation of actions on track panel as well as of the pressures / stresses that develop under the seating surface of the sleeper on the ballast-bed. Results from the tests performed on the ballast used in the Greek network are also presented, conducted in laboratories in France, Austria, and Greece. The influence of the actions -static and mainly dynamic- on the track response and the stress and strain of the ballast-bed are also discussed as derived from the tests and theoretical analysis.

Calculus of the Railway Vertical Stiffness Depending on the Base Plate Stiffness and the Ballast for High Speed Railways

The study aims to determine a mathematical formula that correlates the vertical stiffness of the principal elements of a high speed railway. To do this, beginning on the traditional formulations, a new mathematical model has been proposed, and has been verified and confirmed with the real information of high speed railways. Finally, there has been obtained a simple expression that correlates simply the vertical stiffness of the railway with the vertical stiffness of the elements that compound it, essentially with the base plate and the ballast system set. On the other hand, also the accuracy of the model has been verified to select the stiffness of the base plate and the ballast system depending on one of this stiffness and the total vertical stiffness that it is wanted. With this simplified formula, it is possible to optimize the vertical stiffness of the railway to obtain the best behavior in each zone and to reduce the final cost of the use of the via, taking in consideration the energy needed to move the trains, the maintenance cost, the useful life, etc.. The process to optimize the railway stiffness in each point depends on the vertical stiffness of the ballast and the sub-ballast, and it is possible to use different plate bases with different stiffness to obtain the optimal stiffness that has been previously obtained with a cost and maintenance analysis.

Power Supply and Programmable Controller for Multishot Pellet Injector

MPI（multishot pellet injector） was imported from Russia about ten years ago. During the year＇s operation in HL-1M, most electrical equipments were repaired. Since the components are non-standard, so it is difficult to maintain. To fueling experiment meet the requirement of in HL-2A. The power supplies of fast valve and a programmable controller for shooting pellets were developed.

The Optimal Design of Lighting Systems for Designated Office Building in Thailand

This paper proposes the financial index of payback period analysis in order to evaluate the economic performance of lighting system. Conventional designs and proposed optimal design using the Energy Conversation Promotion Act （No. 2） B.E. 2550 of Ministry of Energy （Section--The Type or Size of Building Standards and Rules and Procedures, Building Design for Energy Conservation, Act B.E. 2552） are compared based on illumination standard for office building in term of energy consumption, return of investment and environmental impact. Firstly, the Type or Size of Building Standards and Rule and Procedures, Building Design for Energy Conservation, Act B.E. 2552 is reviewed and compared with the conventional designs of lighting system for office building. Next, the lifetime energy consumption of fluorescent lamp T5 with electronic ballast, fluorescent lamp T8 with standard ballast and fluorescent lamp T8 with electronic ballast are simulated using DIALux software program in three sizes office buildings. Then, the payback period and CO2 emission of lighting system for selected office building are simulated by various scenarios, which the analytical results show are the optimal lighting system for office building under the present situation. Finally, the optimal design of lighting system for designated office building in Thailand will be discussed with respect to the energy performance with environmental friendly.

Performance and Effectiveness of UniFET^TM II MOSFET in HID Lamp Ballast

An advanced cell structure and lifetime control technology has enhanced on-resistance and reverse recovery performance of power MOSFET （metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor） simultaneously. This paper introduces a newly developed planar MOSFET--UniFETTM Ⅱ MOSFET--with highly improved body diode characteristics, and presents its performance and effectiveness. UniFET II MOSFET is divided into normal FET（field effect transistor）, FRFET （fast recovery field effect transistor）, and Ultra FRFET MOSFETs according to the concentration of lifetime control, and their reverse recovery times are about 70%, 25%, and 15% of that of a conventional MOSFET, respectively. To verify the performance and effectiveness of the new MOSFET, an experiment using a 150 W HID （high intensity discharge） lamp ballast that includes a mixed frequency inverter was implemented. As a result, it was verified that two UniFET Ⅱ MOSFETs can replace two conventional MOSFEs and four additional FRDs （fast recovery diodes） without MOSFET failure.

On the inheritance and development of the traditional 72 Jingdezhen hand porcelain schemata

Jingdezhen, known as the ＂porcelain capital,＂ it is said that the Millennium kiln fire is constant here, its porcelain, with ＂ white as jade, bright as a mirror, as thin as paper, such as chime sound ＂ style, renowned at home and abroad. Area of Jingdezhen handmade porcelain craft is mainly Jingdezhen urban and rural areas. ＂State the number of Chinese porcelain, Porcelain peak is this all.＂ Over more than a thousand year, Jingdezhen system culminates best collection of industry of ancient Ming Yao, forming a unique handmade porcelain craft production system, creating the most brilliant piece of Chinese ceramic history. Their high achievements, impact, the craft, the varieties, which any other kilns at any time are difficult to match.

赤柏松城址出土“仓颉”款石器小识

2008年通化县赤柏松古城址出土一件"仓颉"款石器,从其款文内容、书体、形制、使用痕迹,以及历史文化背景作综合分析,推断应属一件西汉时期的文案镇器。这一发现,对于研究文具史乃至文化史,提供了重要的实物资料。