清代成都平原的场镇及其社区——以简州镇子场为例

20世纪60年代,美国人类学家施坚雅提出"基层市场社区"概念,在学界产生重要影响。这一概念的缘起,与他试图确定成都平原的社区单位密切相关,但"基层市场社区"得以成立的条件与成都平原的实际情形并不相符,所以成都平原的社区单位及其形成机制仍是一个需要重新探讨的问题。本文尝试从场镇中社会组织入手分析场镇与社会的关系,根据设立时间和社会组织构成差异,清代成都平原的场镇可分为"前期场镇"和"后期场镇"两种类型,场镇中社会组织的设立和作用与官府的行用制度、移民社会、村落散居、精英群体的参与等多重因素密切关联,通过简要分析简州镇子场上会馆、祠庙、书院、寺观等社会组织的历程及其意义,可知在18世纪末19世纪初成都平原形成了近300个以"前期场镇"为中心的"场镇社区"。

很晚时驶向镇子寄信

这是寒冷的雪夜。大街空无一人。唯一移动的东西是飘旋的雪。当我抬起邮箱盖,我感到它冰冷的铁。这雪夜里有一种我喜爱的隐秘。四处行驶,我会浪费更多时间。

三管高喷法在镇子梁水库防渗墙施工中的应用

三管高压摆喷水泥防渗墙技术具有机械化程度高、节省劳动力、施工简单、易操作、工程量小、进度快、造价低等优点。应用该方法对镇子梁水库副坝进行除险加固后,解决了坝基的渗漏问题,消除了水库的安全隐患,改善了库区的气候环境,为应县、怀仁两县5个乡镇农、牧、渔和旅游业发展奠定了坚实的基础。

激活的不仅是一所学校——安岳镇子职中“国有民办”租赁办学

身份要“公转民”了，饭碗要“跳舞”了。安岳县镇子职业中学租赁给内江民办希望职业技术学校的消息传出后，学校的老师们好一阵子都还不能接受这一现实，有的甚至还结队上访了省级教育管理部门。

装在橡皮箱里的镇子

橡皮镇远近闻名，但别人却很难找到它。为什么？因为老镇长，就是那个叫老橡皮的人总喜欢把镇子藏起来．藏在一只大橡皮葙里。

山西印象之旅——悬空寺

在踏入山西地界之前,山西对我来说只是一个名词,它的物产我只能想到煤和醋,走进山西后发现,山西还有黄土和我听不懂的语言.纵然知道山西的历史很悠久,悠久到离我居住地不远的一个镇子都有800多年的历史,悠久到我一抬眼就能望见那虽破旧却已千年的烽火台,但几年下来,我在心中还是不太喜欢这里.一次偶然的翻阅,一个叫'悬空寺'的寺庙,开启了我的山西印象之旅.

莫高窟第409窟回鹘可汗可敦供养画像阐释——以汉文化因素探析为中心

沙州回鹘洞窟共有23个,其中有22个洞窟是在前代基础上重绘,莫高窟第409窟是23个沙州回鹘洞窟中唯一一个整窟重绘且绘有可汗可敦供养画像的洞窟,其重要性可见一斑。莫高窟第409窟回鹘可汗可敦供养画像既体现回鹘本民族特征,又具有浓烈的汉文化风格,通过分析其中的仪仗队伍、团龙纹样等汉文化因素,联系现有历史材料,推测回鹘可汗可敦为沙州镇国王子夫妇。

Efficacy of thalidomide therapy in pediatric Crohn's disease with evidence of tuberculosis

AIM To evaluate the efficacy of thalidomide for treating troublesome cases of pediatric Crohn's disease(CD) with tuberculosis infection.METHODS A retrospective study of clinical outcome among children treated with thalidomide was conducted. All patients had evidence of tuberculosis infection with a failure of anti-tuberculosis treatment for more than one year,and were subsequently diagnosed with CD. All the patients received thalidomide treatment with a starting dose of 1.2-2.5 mg/kg per day. Remission was defined as pediatric CD activity index less than or equal to 10.RESULTS Ten patients with CD were treated with thalidomide at an average age of 7.2 years and followed up for a median of 22.2 mo. Clinical remission rate was 60% after 9-12 mo of thalidomide treatment. One patient with no response had an interleukin-10 receptor alpha gene mutation. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate,C-reactive protein and platelet count showed a dramatic decrease; hemoglobin level and weight improved significantly after thalidomide treatment when compared with the baseline values.CONCLUSION Thalidomide is an effective and safe drug for remission of CD in pediatric patients who have been treated for tuberculosis.

Novel Design of HID Lamp Electronic Ballast for Automotive Systems

This paper presents a high intensity discharge（HID） lamp for automotive illumination. A novel type of ballast for HID is proposed without an acoustic resonance. The system consists of high frequency DC/DC converter,DC/AC inverter（SLA2403M）, high voltage igniter and a microcontroller unit（MCU）. The proposed ballast controls the complex start-up process and constant power process by programming on the rnicrocontroller. It is verified that experimental results agree well with the calculated ones. The ballast features such functions as failure protection, line under-voltage, line over-voltage, output short circuit and disconnection protections.

Chiral Separation of Ibuprofen by Supercritical Fluid Chromatography

The separation method using chiral stationary phase （CSP） for the preparation of enantioselective compound was widely used. In this work, supercritical fluid chromatography（SFC） was proposed to resolve the chiral mixtures. To determine the optimum operating conditions for the chiral separation of the racemic ibuprofen, the retention factors and resolutions with the change in pressure, temperature and the content of IPA （%, by volume） in supercritical CO2 were investigated. Experiments showed that the retention factor decreased with the increase of pressure and decrease in temperature. The retention factor was also influenced by the content of IPA in mobile phase, as the content of IPA in the supercritical fluid increased, the retention factor decreased. The resolution of the enantiomers became worse with the increase of IPA in the supercritical fluid. Through optimizing the experimental conditions, a SFC procedure with 13MPa, 311.15K and 4% IPA in CO2 was obtained. The peak shape of the enantiomers was symmetric with supercritical fluid chromatography when compared to the asymmetric peak shape obtained by the conventional liquid chromatography. This work demonstrated that the developed supercritical fluid chromatography procedure was suitable for the chiral separation of ibuprofen enantiomers.

Luminal oxidants selectively modulate electrogenic ion transport in rat colon

AIM： To investigate the effects of luminal exposure to H2O2 and two related thiol oxidizing agents on basal and stimulated chloride secretion in native colon using electrophysiological and pharmacological approaches. METHODS： Unstripped rat distal colon segments were mounted in Ussing chambers. Potential difference, calculated resistance and short-circuit current across unstripped colon segments were monitored with a dual voltage/current clamp. Paracellular permeability was assessed by measuring the mucosa-to-serosa flux of a fluorescent probe （FITC）. RESULTS： Luminal exposure to hydrogen peroxide transitorily stimulated chloride secretion without altering barrier function. This stimulatory effect could be blocked by basolateral atropine but not indomethacin. The cysteine and methionine oxidizing compounds, phenylarsine oxide and chloramine T respectively, mimicked the effect of H2O2, except for a drop in transcolonic resistance after 30 min. In contrast to the observed stimulatory effect on basal secretion, cAMP-stimulated electrogenic ion transport was blunted by luminal H2O2. However, the Ca^2＋- activated response remained unchanged. CONCLUSION： H2O2 may be an important selective modulator of intestinal ion and water secretion in certain pathologic conditions such as inflammation or ischemiareperfusion by multiple mechanisms.

A New-Style Two-Staged Dimmable Electronic Ballast

A two-staged electronic ballast with wide dimming range, high power factor(PF) and low electromagnetic interference(EMI) is presented. It changes the input voltage of the stage of power inverter for dimming control, so it overcomes some limitations of traditional electronic ballasts that use frequency variation. At the same time, the stage of power inverter runs under the soft-switching at the fixed switching frequency and reduces EMI greatly. Its principle and characteristic are analyzed in detail,and experimental and simulated results are obtained on a 40 W fluorescent lamp.

Does deep sedation impact the results of 48 hours catheterless pH testing?

AIM： To study a cohort of patients undergoing 48 h Bravo pH testing receiving deep sedation with propofol. METHODS： We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 197 patients （81 male, 116 female） who underwent Bravo esophageal pH monitoring from July 2003 to January 2008. All patients underwent Bravo pH probe placement via esophagogastroduodenoscopy （EGD） and received propofol for sedation. Patients on a proton pump inhibitor （89 patients） were excluded. Acid reflux variables measured included the total, upright, and supine fractions of time at pH 〈 4 and DeMeester score, and were compared between day I and day 2. RESULTS： Of the 108 patients that were included in the study, the most common indication for Bravo pH monitoring was heartburn, with chest pain being the second most common. A signed rank test revealed no statistically significant difference between day I and day 2 reflux episodes. CONCLUSION： Patients who received propofol for sedation for EGD with Bravo pH capsule placement did not experience any significant difference in reflux episodes from day 1 to day 2.

Characteristics analysis and library development for piezoelectric transformer to drive a ballast for a 35 W class fluorescent lamp using PSPICE modeling

PSPICE model driven by an electric equivalent circuit of a piezoelectric circuit is presented. In order to confirm this model to be effective, an independent model of cold cathode fluorescent lamp(CCFL) driving circuit is used to conduct simulations, leading to a precise modeling. A library is configured through modeling and its accuracy is verified through simulations for widely used and representative lamps such as CCFL, fluorescent lamps, HID lamps, and electrodeless fluorescent lamps. On the basis of experiments, a lamp simulation is also performed using PSPICE, which allows us to take advantage of the lamp library easily. Also, PSPICE model driven by an electric equivalent circuit of a piezoelectric transformer is presented. In order to confirm this model to be effective, an independent model of CCFL driving circuit is used to conduct simulations, leading to a precise modeling. In addition, a new type of electronic ballast is proposed, which allows 35 W-class(T5-class) fluorescent lamp to work. This system is built by a rectifier which has improved power factor and half-bridge series resonant inverter. Also, with size of 27.5 mm high, 27.5 mm wide and 2.5 mm thick, the produced piezoelectric transformer has a high step-up ratio, through which it is possible for the electric ballast circuit to be lighter, smaller and more efficient. After the produced ballast is used to drive the fluorescent lamp for 25 min, it yields 0.95 in power factor correction, 86% in efficiency, 35.07 W in output voltage and 20.5 °C in temperature increase while meeting the characteristics of the 35 W-class fluorescent lamp.

AtFKBP53 is a histone chaperone required for repression of ribosomal RNA gene expression in Arabidopsis

Chromatin structure is important for controlling gene expression, but mechanisms underlying chromatin remodel- ing are not fully understood. Here we report that an FKBP （FK506 binding protein） type immunophilin, AtFKBP53, possesses histone chaperone activity and is required for repressing ribosomal gene expression in Arabidopsis. The At- FKBP53 protein is a multidomain FKBP with a typical peptidylprolyl isomerase （PPIase） domain and several highly charged domains. Using nucleosome assembly assays, we showed that AtFKBP53 has histone chaperone activity and the charged acidic domains are sufficient for the activity. We show that AtFKBP53 interacts with histone H3 through the acidic domains, whereas the PPIase domain is dispensable for histone chaperone activity or histone binding. Ri- bosomal RNA gene （18S rDNA） is overexpressed when AtFKBP53 activity is reduced or eliminated in Arabidopsis plants. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that AtFKBP53 is associated with the 18S rDNA gene chro- matin, implicating that AtFKBP53 represses rRNA genes at the chromatin level. This study identifies a new histone chaperone in plants that functions in chromatin remodeling and regulation of transcription.

The Optimal Design of Lighting Systems for Designated Office Building in Thailand

This paper proposes the financial index of payback period analysis in order to evaluate the economic performance of lighting system. Conventional designs and proposed optimal design using the Energy Conversation Promotion Act （No. 2） B.E. 2550 of Ministry of Energy （Section--The Type or Size of Building Standards and Rules and Procedures, Building Design for Energy Conservation, Act B.E. 2552） are compared based on illumination standard for office building in term of energy consumption, return of investment and environmental impact. Firstly, the Type or Size of Building Standards and Rule and Procedures, Building Design for Energy Conservation, Act B.E. 2552 is reviewed and compared with the conventional designs of lighting system for office building. Next, the lifetime energy consumption of fluorescent lamp T5 with electronic ballast, fluorescent lamp T8 with standard ballast and fluorescent lamp T8 with electronic ballast are simulated using DIALux software program in three sizes office buildings. Then, the payback period and CO2 emission of lighting system for selected office building are simulated by various scenarios, which the analytical results show are the optimal lighting system for office building under the present situation. Finally, the optimal design of lighting system for designated office building in Thailand will be discussed with respect to the energy performance with environmental friendly.

An Evaluation of Standby Losses Effect in Power Demand in Greek Urban Households

Standby consumption is a global phenomenon because the largest ＂leakers＂ are internationally-traded appliances usually line-powered electronic equipment. Currently, it represents 5%-11% （depending on the region and related estimations） of the total electricity demand in European households, mostly concentrated in entertainment and office equipments. This paper is focused on the evaluation of the standby losses in typical urban areas of Greece. The results of an analytical survey in urban households located in different areas of region of Attica-Greece are presented and analyzed. This survey is taking under consideration the type and the quantity of electric/electronic devices used, power consumption measurements concerning different standby modes of operation as well as people＇s habits in relation to the way they used the devices. Furthermore, recent and old detailed power consumption measurements of the most common modes of operation （on, offand standby）, in other member states of Europe are presented and analyzed giving the opportunity to compare the situation in a typical urban Greek area and the respective in other parts of Europe. The presented data reveal the magnitude of the standby losses problem in Greece and the potential benefits gained by the enforcement of recent EU （European Union） policies.

血脉中的气质

有些东西,走着走着就散了;有些东西,却是刻在骨子里,流在血液中的,怎能轻易消失?必得一代一代,生得愈发光彩。我自小便生活在镇子上了。镇子很大,人心却不远。老人们常坐在一起,下象棋,喝上口茶。孩子们自是打成一片,村里村外到处窜。不得不提的是沙河大集,每月农历初三、初八,各地商人一早便顶着星星收拾开了。路两边满满的,溢出了好几条街.

Chemical constituents and analgesic activity of Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb.

In the present study,we aimed to investigate the chemical constituents and analgesic activity of Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb. The isolation and purification of components were achieved by a series of chromatography, including silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and HPLC. By using spectroscopic analysis, their structures were identified. Using PDE-4A as analgesic target, moleculardocking was conducted between isolated compounds by using Schrodinger software. Neoline is a typical non-ester diterpene alkaloid. It was studied by using the mouse torsion body method and hot plate method. A total of 12 diterpene alkaloids were obtainedand identified as Mesaconitine(1), Bewutine (2), Bewudine (3), Songoramine (4), Songorine (5), Neoline (6), Talasamine (7), isotalatizidine (8), Hokbusine A (9), Mesaconine (10), 8-OEt-14-benzoylmesaconine (11), 8-Methoxy-14-benzoyl-beiwutinine (12).Compounds 9 and 12 were isolated from Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb. for the first time. Twelve diterpenealkaloids could act on the analgesic target. Neoline is a typical non-ester diterpene alkaloid. It had significant analgesic effect. Diterpene alkaloids were the main components of Aconitum kusnezoffiiReichb., and they had good analgesic activity.

Adaptive Feedback Stabilization with Quantized State Measurements for a Class of Chaotic Systems

We investigate asymptotical stabilization for a class of chaotic systems by means of quantization measurements of states.The quantizer adopted in this paper takes finite many values.In particular,one zoomer is placed at the input terminal of the quantizer,and another zoomer is located at the output terminal of the quantizer.The zoomers possess a common adjustable time-varying parameter.By using the adaptive laws for the time-varying parameter and estimating boundary error of values of quantization,the stabilization feedback controller with the quantized state measurements is proposed for a class of chaotic systems.Finally,some numerical examples are given to demonstrate the validity of the proposed methods.