Crime is often associated with urban development as urban areas tend to be at greater risk security-wise as compared with other areas. This is the reality of an increasing population crowding into the cities, and fome...Crime is often associated with urban development as urban areas tend to be at greater risk security-wise as compared with other areas. This is the reality of an increasing population crowding into the cities, and fomenting crime in the process. The physical design of the environment also contributes to the escalating crime rate, resulting in fear and anxiety among the residents. The ＂Safe Township＂ concept is an approach to resolving the issue of security in urban areas. It is an agenda within the concept of liveable cities that focuses principally on the problems of urban security. The development of properties within the concept of Gated Community housing is considered a step towards protecting residents in a residential area. The development of fenced Gated Community housing equipped with full-time security facilities is among the strategies in implementing the concept of the Safe Township. This paper discusses the security features in the Gated Community housing development as measures to combat crime in line with the implementation of the Safe Township concept. This study adopts an investigative methodology that combines theory with case studies. The compilation of data was made through literature search, interviews with representatives from the Town Planning Department and data were also collected through observations of Gated Community housing schemes in Johor Bahru.展开更多
Green electricity(GE)is of great importance for effectively combating climate change and global Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).The willingness-to-pay(WTP)for GE by end users has great influence on its widespread ...Green electricity(GE)is of great importance for effectively combating climate change and global Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).The willingness-to-pay(WTP)for GE by end users has great influence on its widespread application,especially at the household level.Researchers have analyzed the mechanisms of residents’WTP and predicted how much they could afford for GE.However,most of these studies have focused on developed(affluent)countries and regions,and residents’WTP as well as the corresponding monetary amount of their WTP were not considered together in previous studies.In this study,we try to fill the gap of the inadequate research of residents’WTP in underdeveloped areas through an analysis of the WTP of urban residents in a small Chinese city(Anyang).A total of 274 household-scale samples were collected by face-to-face interviews in December 2019.We found that approximately 60%of respondents gave a positive response to WTP,with an average value of 8.39 yuan per month.Educational attainment,per capita disposable income in the household,the length of residents’time living in urban areas and the rate of neighbors’approval of WTP are all positively correlated with the tendency of the residents’positive response toward WTP.The three factors of per capita disposable income,the rate of neighbors’approval of WTP and the degree of residents’environmental concerns are positively correlated with the amount of residents’WTP.More importantly,we demonstrated the existence of a weak“Herd Effect”in residents’views of WTP.Finally,some suggestions for policymakers are given,such as raising household income through retraining and raising residents’environmental awareness through education and community advertisements.This study also highlights that the widespread application of GE at the household level will be of great assistance to the GE industry overall.Therefore,the rising economic cost of GE should not be shared by the households in the long term.展开更多
文摘Crime is often associated with urban development as urban areas tend to be at greater risk security-wise as compared with other areas. This is the reality of an increasing population crowding into the cities, and fomenting crime in the process. The physical design of the environment also contributes to the escalating crime rate, resulting in fear and anxiety among the residents. The ＂Safe Township＂ concept is an approach to resolving the issue of security in urban areas. It is an agenda within the concept of liveable cities that focuses principally on the problems of urban security. The development of properties within the concept of Gated Community housing is considered a step towards protecting residents in a residential area. The development of fenced Gated Community housing equipped with full-time security facilities is among the strategies in implementing the concept of the Safe Township. This paper discusses the security features in the Gated Community housing development as measures to combat crime in line with the implementation of the Safe Township concept. This study adopts an investigative methodology that combines theory with case studies. The compilation of data was made through literature search, interviews with representatives from the Town Planning Department and data were also collected through observations of Gated Community housing schemes in Johor Bahru.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(71874178)。
文摘Green electricity(GE)is of great importance for effectively combating climate change and global Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).The willingness-to-pay(WTP)for GE by end users has great influence on its widespread application,especially at the household level.Researchers have analyzed the mechanisms of residents’WTP and predicted how much they could afford for GE.However,most of these studies have focused on developed(affluent)countries and regions,and residents’WTP as well as the corresponding monetary amount of their WTP were not considered together in previous studies.In this study,we try to fill the gap of the inadequate research of residents’WTP in underdeveloped areas through an analysis of the WTP of urban residents in a small Chinese city(Anyang).A total of 274 household-scale samples were collected by face-to-face interviews in December 2019.We found that approximately 60%of respondents gave a positive response to WTP,with an average value of 8.39 yuan per month.Educational attainment,per capita disposable income in the household,the length of residents’time living in urban areas and the rate of neighbors’approval of WTP are all positively correlated with the tendency of the residents’positive response toward WTP.The three factors of per capita disposable income,the rate of neighbors’approval of WTP and the degree of residents’environmental concerns are positively correlated with the amount of residents’WTP.More importantly,we demonstrated the existence of a weak“Herd Effect”in residents’views of WTP.Finally,some suggestions for policymakers are given,such as raising household income through retraining and raising residents’environmental awareness through education and community advertisements.This study also highlights that the widespread application of GE at the household level will be of great assistance to the GE industry overall.Therefore,the rising economic cost of GE should not be shared by the households in the long term.
