碱性电解条件下影响镍合金电极析氢反应的因素分析

阐述了碱性电解条件下镍合金电极的析氢反应过程,分析了不同的镍合金电极(金属-金属类和金属-非金属类)析氢的机理,讨论了影响镍合金电解析氢反应的主要因素和国内外研究成果,指出了在工业应用中碱性电解条件下镍合金电极材料的发展方向。

梯度电流密度下电沉积制备铜-镍-钼合金电极及其性能研究

采用梯度电沉积法制备铜基Cu–Ni–Mo合金电极,电流密度参数为:10 mA/cm^2×5 min+30 mA/cm^2×40 min+50 mA/cm^2×5 min。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)分析了Cu–Ni–Mo合金镀层的表面形貌、元素组成、相结构和各元素的化学价态,并通过线性扫描伏安曲线(LSV)、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和计时电流法对比了Cu–Ni和Cu–Ni–Mo合金电极在1 mol/L KOH溶液中的析氢性能和稳定性。结果表明,所得Cu–Ni–Mo合金镀层是呈花椰菜多孔形貌的非晶态结构。与Cu–Ni合金电极相比,Cu–Ni–Mo合金电极具有更大的比表面积,可为析氢反应提供更多活性位点,表现出更好的析氢性能,稳定性也更好。

乙醇在Ni-Mo合金电极上氧化的动力学模型(英文)

利用循环伏安以及稳态极化曲线等方法研究了在 1 mol· L－ 1 KOH溶液中，乙醇在电沉积 Ni-Mo合金电极上氧化的电化学特性 .提出了一个数学模型来预计乙醇在电沉积 Ni-Mo合金电极上的电化学行为 .在碱性溶液中， Ni(OH)2/NiOOH电对的氧化还原过程是乙醇氧化的前期步骤 .Ni(OH)2/NiOOH电对相应的速度常数（即 k1和 k－ 1）是电极电位的函数 .乙醇氧化是通过一个速度常数为 kC1的化学反应来完成 .推导出了各个动力学方程并将实验数据与方程进行比较而获得各个动力学参数 .电化学速度常数 k1(E)=1.41× 107exp(0.5FE/RT) mmol· cm－ 2· s－ 1以及 k－ 1(E)=0.711exp(0.5FE/RT) mmol· cm－ 2· s－ 1,E是相对饱和甘汞电极（ SCE）的电极电位 .而化学反应的速度常数 kC1=1.99× 10－ 4 cm· s－ 1.

氢气泡模板法电沉积La-Ni合金薄膜电极

在强阴极极化下,以析出的氢气泡为模板,电沉积制备了La-Ni贮氢合金薄膜电极。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及X射线衍射仪(XRD)对合金薄膜电极的表面形态和结构进行了表征;以循环伏安、恒电流充放电实验考察了合金薄膜电极的电化学行为。结果表明,合金薄膜电极含La Ni5相,电化学吸放氢性能好,最高电化学放电比容量达286 m Ah/g,无需活化过程,首次充放电即可达到最高放电容量,作为氢镍电池的负极,在1.2 V附近有一个平稳的放电平台。

p型单晶硅上电镀纳米Ni-W-P合金电极及其光照析氢研究

通过电化学方法在半导体 p型硅上沉积 Ni-W-P合金 ,制备出具有高催化析氢活性的纳米金属 /半导体电极 .考察了电沉积工艺条件对电极催化析氢性能的影响 ,用扫描电镜 (SEM)观察了电极的表面形貌 .结果表明 ,随着镀液 p H值增加、温度升高 ,Ni-W-P合金镀层结构由晶态向非晶态转变 .在 5 0℃ ,p H=6,电流密度为 1 5 A/dm2 时 ,获得了纳米晶 Ni-W-P合金 。

去合金化法制备多孔镍–硫–钴电极及其催化析氢性能

采用去合金化法制备了多孔Ni–S–Co(p-Ni–S–Co)合金电极。先依次电沉积制备Ni–S–Co中间层、Ni–S–Co–Zn合金镀层,随后将Ni–S–Co–Zn合金镀层浸泡于50°C的6 mol/L NaOH溶液中8 h以除去镀层中的Zn,即得p-Ni–S–Co合金镀层。表征了多孔镀层的形貌和结构,采用电化学方法着重研究了其催化析氢性能。结果表明,p-Ni–S–Co镀层由带花形纹理的球形颗粒构成,颗粒表面存在大量开放性孔隙,有效增大了镀层的比表面积。p-Ni–S–Co电极在20°C的28%NaOH溶液中时,电流密度为135 mA/cm2下的析氢超电势为108 mV,真实交换电流密度为3.95×10 4mA/cm2,催化析氢性能明显优于普通Ni–S–Co合金电极。

Electrochemical hydrogen storage characteristics of as-cast and annealed La_(0.8-x)Nd_xMg_(0.2)Ni_(3.15)Co_(0.2)Al_(0.1)Si_(0.05)(x=0-0.4)alloys

The La-Mg-Ni-based A2B7-type La0.8-xNdxMg0.2Ni3.15Co0.2Al0.15 （x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4） electrode alloys were prepared by casting and annealing. The influences of partial substitution of Nd for La on the structure and electrochemical performance of the as-cast and annealed alloys were investigated. It was found that the experimental alloys consist of two major phases, （La, Mg）2Ni7 phase with the hexagonal Ce2Ni7-type structure and LaNi5 phase with the hexagonal CaCu5-type structure, as well as some residual phase LaNi3 and NdNi5. The discharge capacity and high rate discharge ability （HRD） of the as-cast and annealed alloys first increase and then decrease with Nd content growing. The as-cast and annealed alloys （x=0.3） yield the largest discharge capacities of 380.3 and 384.3 mA·h/g, respectively. The electrochemical cycle stability of the as-cast and annealed alloys markedly grows with Nd content rising. As the Nd content increase from 0 to 0.4. The capacity retaining rate （S100） at the 100th charging and discharging cycle increases from 64.98% to 85.17% for the as-cast alloy, and from 76.60% to 96.84% for the as-annealed alloy.

Effect of additives on anode passivation in direct electrolysis process of copper–nickel based alloy scraps

Effects of nickel component,thiourea,glue and chloride ions and their interactions on the passivation of copper–nickel based alloy scrap anodes were investigated by combining conventional electrochemical techniques.Results obtained from chronopotentiometry and linear voltammetry curves showed that the Ni component made electrochemical stability of the anode strong and difficult to be corroded,caused by the adsorption of generated Cu2O,NiO or copper powder to the anode surface.The Ni2+reducing Cu2+to Cu+or copper powder aggravated the anode passivation.In a certain range of the glue concentration≤8×10–6 or thiourea concentration≤4×10–6,the increase of glue or thiourea concentration increases the anode passivation time.Over this range,glue and thiourea played an adverse effect.The increase of chloride ions concentration led to the increase in passivation time.

Electrocatalytic behaviour of Ni and NiCu alloy modified glassy carbon electrode in electro-oxidation of contraflam

The electrocatalytic oxidation of contraflam was investigated in alkaline solution on nickel and nickel–copper alloy modified glassy carbon electrodes(GC/Ni and GC/NiCu). We prepared these electrodes by galvanostatic deposition and the surface morphologies and compositions of electrodes were determined by energy-dispersive X-ray(EDX) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). Cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometric methods were employed to characterize the oxidation process and its kinetics. Voltammetric studies exhibit one pair of well-defined redox peaks, which is ascribed to the redox process of the nickel and followed by the greatly enhanced current response of the anodic peak in the presence of contraflam and a decrease in the corresponding cathodic current peak. This indicates that the immobilized redox mediator on the electrode surface was oxidized contraflam via an electrocatalytic mechanism. The catalytic currents increased linearly with the concentration of contraflam in the range of 0.25– 1.5 mmol/L. The anodic peak currents were linearly proportional to the square root of scan rate. This behaviour is the characteristic of a diffusion-controlled process. The determination of contraflam in capsules is applied satisfactorily by modified electrode.

Ni(OH)_2 nanoflakes supported on 3D hierarchically nanoporous gold/Ni foam as superior electrodes for supercapacitors

The increasing demand for portable electronic devices and hybrid electric vehicles stimulates the develop- ment of supercapacitors as an advanced energy storage system. Here, we demonstrate a binder-free nickel hydroxide@nano- porous gold/Ni foam （Ni（OH）2@NPG/Ni foam） electrode for high-performance supercapacitors, which is prepared by a facile three-step fabrication route including electrodeposition of Au-Sn alloy on Ni foam, chemical dealloying of Sn and electrodepostion of Ni（OH）2 on NPG/Ni foam. Such Ni（OH）2@NPG/Ni foam electrode is composed of a thin layer of conformable Ni（OH）2 nanoflakes supported on three-di- mensional （3D） hierarchically porous NPG/Ni foam substrate. The resulting Ni（OH）2@NPG/Ni foam electrode can offer highways for both electron transfer and ion transport and lead to an excellent electrochemical performance with an ultrahigh specific capacitance of 3,380 F g-1 at a current density of 2 A g-1. Even when the current density was increased to 50 A g-1, it still retained a high capacitance of 1,927 F g-1. The promising performance of the Ni（OH）2@NPG/Ni foam elec- trode is mainly ascribed to the 3D hierarchical porosity and the highly conductive network on the NPG/Ni foam composite current collector, as well as the conformal electrodeposition of Ni（OH）2 active material on the NPG/Ni foam, which induces the formation of interconnected porosity both on the top surface and on the inner surface of the electrode. This in- spiring electrochemical performance would make the as-de- signed electrode material become one of the most promising candidates for future electrochemical energy storage systems.