利用煤镜质组反射率分布图计算其镜质组含量

将已知与未知镜质组含量的煤样按固定比例配制成混煤后测定其镜质组反射率,在得到的反射率分布图上,剥离出其中各单煤的反射率分布峰,依据峰面积之比推导出未知煤样的镜质组含量,即可在不增加测定工作量的情况下,同时得到测定煤的镜质组反射率数据与镜质组含量数据.目前这一方法仅限于测定煤为单煤的情况.

浅谈准北煤田煤层含气量与镜质组的关系

本文通过研究和什托洛盖煤田煤层含气量与煤岩组分、镜煤反射率及深度的相关性,找出和什托洛盖煤田煤层气含量的赋存特征,为以后煤层气的勘探开发等工作提供一定的指导。

和顺区块15~#煤层含气量分布特征及其控制因素研究

通过分析和顺区块15#煤层含气量在横向上和纵向上的分布变化特征,发现:1000米以浅15#煤层含气量分布与煤层埋深相关关系不明显,受构造陡坡带影响较大;深部随埋深加深,含气量有增大的趋势。陡坡带、顶板泥岩和煤层厚度共同控制15#煤层含气量横向上的变化;煤的镜质组含量和灰分产率的非均质性控制了单井15#煤层含气量纵向上的差异。

新疆高油煤中钠的分布及存在形式研究

基于新疆地区高油煤成煤过程中富集的大量Na等碱金属明显影响煤的热解产物产率及其利用，对高油煤代表性矿区白石湖矿区钻孔煤质数据统计的基础上，采集一采区和三采区样品进行了逐级化学萃取实验。实验结果表明，白石湖煤焦油产率与挥发分和镜质组含量均呈现正相关性，但与煤灰氧化钠含量无相关关系，煤灰氧化钠含量集中在2．5％～3．5％之间。白石湖矿区煤中钠相对富集于有机质中，且钠摩尔含量明显高于煤中氯。白石湖煤中钠的水溶形式占比80％左右，主要以氯化钠、硫酸钠和水舍离子钠等形式存在。

煤岩孔隙度主控地质因素及其对煤层气开发的影响

为系统分析煤岩孔隙度主控地质因素及对其煤层气开发的影响,统计分析了全国37个主要煤层气区块/矿区的压汞孔隙度等数据。利用相关趋势分析方法分煤级着重探讨煤级、煤体结构、镜质组、灰分等因素对煤岩孔隙度以及煤层气开发的影响。结果表明:R_(o,max)是储层物性评价的重要参数,低煤级区煤岩孔隙度对R_(o,max)的变化最为敏感,且孔隙度平均值随成熟度升高呈现出高-低-高-低的变化。低煤级区同一煤层气区块/矿区内部,孔隙度变化区间大于高煤级区同一煤层气区块/矿区内部孔隙度的变化区间。中低煤级区,复杂的煤体结构对煤储层物性具有破坏作用;高煤级区,复杂的煤体结构对物性有一定的改善作用。镜质组含量与孔隙度呈负相关关系,灰分产率与孔隙度无明显相关性,且在低煤级区镜质组含量和灰分产率与孔隙度均具有明显的负相关性,是孔隙度评价的重要参数;而在中高煤级区,二者对孔隙度的影响可以忽略。煤岩大中孔比例和储层平均渗透率随平均孔隙度的增高而增高,孔隙度大小尤其是孔隙度随煤级的变化规律对不同煤级区煤层气开发潜力评价具有重要指导意义。

Performance of Ni/Nano-ZrO_2 Catalysts for CO Preferential Methanation

Large surface areas nano-scale zirconia was prepared by the self-assembly route and was employed as support in nickel catalysts for the CO selective methanation. The effects of Ni loading and the catalyst calcination temperature on the performance of the catalyst for CO selective methanation reaction were investigated. The cata- lysts were characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller （BET）, transmission electron microscope （TEM）, X-ray dif- fraction （XRD） and temperature-programmed reduction （TPR）. The results showed that the as-synthesized Ni/nano-ZrO2 catalysts presented high activity for CO methanation due to the interaction between Ni active particle and nano zir- conia support. The selectivity for the CO methanation influenced significantly by the particle size of the active Ni species. The exorbitant calcination resulted in the conglomeration of dispersive Ni particles and led to the decrease of CO methanation selectivity. Among the catalysts studied, the 7.5% （by mass） Ni/ZrO2 catalyst calcinated at 500℃ was the most effective for the CO selective methanation. It can preferentially catalyze the CO methanation with a higher 99% conversion in the CO/CO2 competitive methanation system over the temperature range of 260-280℃, while keeping the CO2 conversion relatively low.

Influence of impurities on microstructure and mechanical properties of ZK60 magnesium alloy

The influence of impurity content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of ZK60 magnesium alloys was investigated by optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy and tensile test.ZK60 alloys were prepared by changing holding time of alloy melt during semi-continuous casting in order to control the content of impurity elements.The alloy with lower purity content is found to have less second precipitates and larger grain size in the as-cast state.However,in the as-extruded state,reducing impurities brings about a decrease in grain size and an increase in yield strength from 244 MPa to 268 MPa,while the elongations in the as-extruded alloys with different contents of impurities are almost the same.After T5 treatment,impurity content is found to have more obvious effect on the yield strength of ZK60 alloy.The yield strength of ZK60-45 alloys with low impurity content is increased up to 295 MPa after T5 treatment.

筠连煤层气储层特征与含气量主控因素分析

为了明确筠连煤层气的煤层含气量主控因素,通过区域构造控气作用,结合煤岩储层中镜质组含量、灰分及含气量的影响因素分析,开展了煤层顶底板及水动力特征研究。结果表明:构造剥蚀区附近吨煤含气量低,向斜斜坡带中部及向斜核部含气量较高;煤岩平均镜质组反射率为3.3%,煤层变质程度是影响含气量的主要因素;储层中的镜质组是生烃和储集的主要贡献,镜质组含量高有利于甲烷气体的形成及吸附;煤层的灰分含量为10%~45%,随着灰分含量的增加,煤层含气量呈下降趋势;煤层顶底板的岩性封隔是气藏保存的重要条件,泥岩及碳质泥岩具有较好的封盖效果。区块的补给区及强径流区受水动力的改造明显,含气量较弱,弱径流区及滞留区含气量较好,煤层的水动力改造作用是影响气藏形成后平面富集的重要因素。

Synthesis and Conductivity of Oxyapatite Ionic Conductor La10-xVx（SiO4）6O3＋x

Apatite-lanthanum silicate has attracted considerable interest in recent years due to its high oxide ion conductivity.In this paper,V-doped samples La10-xVx(SiO4) 6O3+x(0≤x≤1.5) were prepared by sol-gel method and the influences of V-dopant content on calcining temperature and conductivity were reported.The samples were characterized by thermal analysis(TG-DSC) ,X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron micrograph(SEM) . The apatite was obtained at 800°C,a relatively low temperature in comparison to 1500°C with the conventional solid-state method.The ceramic pellets sintered at 1200°C for 5 h showed a higher relative density than La9.33Si6O26 pellets sintered at 1400°C for 20 h.The conductivities of samples were measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.The conductivity was improved with the increase of V-dopant content on La site.

Zn含量对重电子金属CeCu_(6-x)Zn_x低温性质的影响

报道了掺Zn的重电子金属CeCu6 -xZnx(x =0 .0 5 ,0 .1,0 .15 ,0 .2 ,0 .3)样品的非常规制备方法以及低温电阻和低温比热容的测量结果 ,研究Zn含量对CeCu6 -xZnx 低温性质的影响及其物理原因 .发现低温下Kondo散射项系数c随Zn含量的加大而减小 ,电阻极大值温度Tmax随Zn含量的加大而降低 ,CeCu6 -xZnx 的德拜温度ΘD

Elevated-temperature mechanical properties and thermal stability of Al-Cu-Mg-Ag heat-resistant alloy

The elevated-temperature mechanical properties and thermal stability of Al-Cu-Mg-Ag heat-resistant alloy were studied by tensile test, transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM), respectively. The results show that with the increase of Ag content, the tensile strength and yield strength increase, which is attributed to the increase of the precipitations number and the decrease of the size. The same conclusions are drawn in the study of increasing Mg content. The alloy possesses excellent thermal stability. At 100-150 °C, the strength of the under-aged alloy increases at the initial stage, and after reaching the peak strength, it remains the same. The secondary precipitation of the under-aged alloy occurs in the process of exposure at 150℃, and it distributes diffusely after thermal exposed for 20 h. Then, the tensile strength decreases gradually with increasing the thermal exposure time at 200-250 °C. The strength of the peak-aged alloy decreases gradually, and the precipitation grows up, but the number decreases gradually with prolonging the exposure time at 100-250 °C. The strength of two kinds of alloys decreases with elevating of exposure temperature.

Parameters Affecting the Color Mechanism of Manganese Containing Colored Glasses

Color is an important tool for glass industry to let the product gain additional aesthetic and functional properties forced by the market demands. In this context, it is necessary to understand the color forming mechanism better in order to get target color and improve the yield. A detailed experimental study to investigate the relationship between the manganese content on color formation and the redox condition was carried out. All experiments were carried out at different level of iron and manganese oxides. Color parameters （dominant wavelength, brightness （%）, purity （%） and L-a-b values） were examined for large interval of batch redoxes. In this paper, the results of above mentioned experimental studies were discussed together.

Study on the Element Composition of Southern Celadon Porcelain and Coloring Mechanism

This paper mainly discusses the Si/Al molar ratio, RO/R2O molar ratio, Fe content, glazing and firing system on the thickness of Longquan Celadon pink coloring effects, and using a colorimeter, field emission scanning electron microscopy were used to analyze better experimental sample microstructure and color and so on. We explored the Longquan Celadon of pink coloration mechanism.

Study on the Element Composition of Southern Celadon Porcelain and Coloring Mechanism

This paper mainly discusses the Si/A1 molar ratio, RO/R20 molar ratio, Fe content, glazing and firing system on the thickness of Longquan Celadon pink coloring effects, and using a colorimeter, field emission scanning electron microscopy were used to analyze better experimental sample microstructure and color and so on. We explored the Longquan Celadon of pink coloration mechanism.

Morphological and Thermal Properties of Starches Isolated from White and Pigmented Sorghum Landraces Grown in Hyper Arid Regions

The starches were isolated by alkaline extraction from white and red sorghum, predominant cultivars in the Sahara of Algeria. Morphological, thermal properties and amylose content of isolated starches were examined. The starches of two sorghum landraces of white and pigmented kernels growing in hyper arid environmental conditions showed significant differences in granule size, amylose content and thermal behavior which ultimately affect the physicochemical and functional properties. When observed using environmental scanning electron microscopy （ESEM）. The starch granules showed polyhedral shape. Some of them showed pinholes. The granular size ranged between 6.325-39.905 μm and 7.096-44.774 μm, respectively for white and red sorghum starches. The granule size distribution was unimodal. The amylose content in white sorghum starch （27.1%） was higher than that in red sorghum （24.8%）. Differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） analysis revealed that sorghum starches present higher temperatures at the peak （70.60℃ and 72.28℃ for white and red sorghum starches, respectively） and lower gelatinization enthalpies （9.087 J/g and 8.270 J/g for white and red sorghum starches, respectively） than other cereal starches. The determination of these properties is relevant to the comprehension of starch and starch-based foods digestibility in order to direct them towards the specific applications in food and nonfood sectors.

Dechlorination of zinc dross by microwave roasting

Traditional treatments of zinc dross have many disadvantages,such as complicated recovering process and serious environmental pollution.In this work,a new process of chlorine removal from zinc dross by microwave was proposed for solving problem of recycling the zinc dross.With better ability of absorbing the microwave than zinc oxide,the main material in zinc dross,chlorides,can be heated and evaporated rapidly during microwave roasting.Various parameters including roasting temperature,duration time and stirring speed were optimized.The microstructure of roasted materials was characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscope(SEM).The content of the chloride was analyzed by the method of chlorine ion selective electrode.The experiments indicate that the best duration time is 60 min with a stirring speed of 15 r/min during the microwave roasting process.The dechlorination rate reaches peak value of 88% at 700 ℃.The chlorine is removed as HCl gas when water vapor is used as activating agent,which means that it can be recovered into hydrochloride acid.

Preparation and electrochemical properties of Co_3O_4/graphite composites as anodes of lithium ion batteries

Co3O4/graphite composites were synthesized by precipitation of cobalt oxalate on the surface of graphite and pyrolysis of the precipitate, and the effects of graphite content and calcination temperature on the electrochemical properties of the composites were investigated. The samples were characterized by thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis （TG/DTA）, X-ray diffractometry （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, cyclic voltammetry （CV）, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS） and charge/discharge measurements. With increasing the graphite content, the reversible capacity of the Co3O4/graphite composites decreases, while cycling stability improves dramatically, and the addition of graphite obviously decreases the average potential of lithium intercalation/deintercalation. The reversible capacity of the composites with 50% graphite rises from 583 to 725 mA-h/g as the calcination temperature increases from 300 to 500 ℃, and the Co304/graphite composites synthesized at 400 ℃ show the best cycling stability without capacity loss in the initial 20 cycles. peaks, corresponding to the lithium intercalaction/deintercalation for The CV profile of the composite presents two couples of redox graphite and Co3O4, respectively. EIS studies indicate that the electrochemical impedance decreases with increasing the graphite content.

典型神木低黏结性烟煤的岩相与煤质特征相关性

为了探索神木低变质煤应用于炼焦的可能性,将神木低变质煤划分为低黏结性煤和无黏结性煤,并对神木地区的低黏结性煤和无黏结性煤的岩相特征参数,即镜质组随机反射率(R_(ran))和煤的显微组分构成进行了测定,探索煤的岩相特征参数与其工业分析结果之间的相关性,系统分析煤的微观组织与其煤质特征之间的关系。结果表明,神木低黏结性煤的岩相特性与煤质特征存在一定的相关性,其活惰比和镜质组含量(∑V)与挥发分(V_(daf))、固定碳(F_(Cd))均呈现正相关,而神木无黏结性煤岩相特性与灰分(A_(d))之间呈正相关、与固定碳(F_(Cd))呈负相关、与其余煤质特征之间则没有明显相关性;无黏结性煤的R_(ran)与水分(M_(ad))呈正相关,低黏结性煤的R_(ran)与M_(ad)无明显相关性;低黏结性煤和无黏结性煤的R_(ran)与挥发分均无明显相关性;低黏结性煤和无黏结性煤的R_(ran)、活惰比和∑V与焦油产率、热稳定性均无明显相关性,但低黏结性煤的焦油产率和热稳定性普遍高于无黏结性煤。研究结果为神木低变质程度煤在冶金领域的高效分级分质利用提供理论基础和技术支持。

A comparative study of the specific surface area and pore structure of different shales and their kerogens

The pore structures and controlling factors of several different Paleozoic shales from Southern China and their kerogens were studied using nitrogen adsorption and scanning electron microscopy methods. The results indicate that： 1） The specific surface area is 2.22-3.52 m2/g and has no correlation with the TOC content of the Permian Dalong Formation shales, nanopores are extremely undeveloped in the Dalong Formation kerogens, which have specific surface areas of 20.35-27.49 me/g; 2） the specific surface area of the Silurian Longmaxi Formation shales is in the range of 17.83-29.49 m2/g and is positively correlated with TOC content, the kerogens from the Longmaxi Formation have well-developed nanopores, with round or elliptical shapes, and the specific surface areas of these kerogens are as high as 279.84-300.3 m2/g; 3） for the Niutitang Formation shales, the specific surface area is 20.12-29.49 m2/grock and increases significantly with increasing TOC and smectite content. The Niuti- tang Formation kerogens develop a certain amount of nanopores with a specific surface area of 161.2 m2/g. Oil shale was also examined for comparison, and was found to have a specific surface area of 19.99 m2/g. Nanopores are rare in the Youganwo Formation kerogen, which has a specific surface area of only 5.54 m2/g, suggesting that the specific surface area of oil shale is due mainly to the presence of smectite and other clay minerals. The specific surface area and the number of pores present in shales are closely related to TOC, kerogen type and maturity, smectite content, and other factors. Low-maturity kerogen has very few nanopores and therefore has a very low specific surface area, whereas nanopores are abundant in mature to over- mature kerogen, leading to high specific surface areas. The Longmaxi Formation kerogen has more developed nanopores and a higher specific surface area than the Niutitang Formation kerogen, which may be due to differences in the kerogen type and maceral components. A high content of smectite may also contribute to shale surface area. The pore volume and specific sur- face area of low-maturity kerogens are mainly attributable to pores with diameters above 10 nm. By contrast, the pore volume of mature kerogens consists predominantly of pores with diameters above 10 nm with some contribution from about 4 nm diameter pores, while the specific surface area is due mainly to pores with diameters of less than 4 nm. Through a comparative study of the specific surface area and pore structure characteristics of different shales and their kerogens, we conclude that the Longmaxi Formation shales and Niutitang Formation shales have greater sorption capacities than the Dalong Formation shales.

Concentration-dependent luminescence properties in Er^(3+)doped TeO_2-ZnO-La_2O_3 glasses

Erbium-doped tellurite-based glasses （Er3＋：TeO2-ZnO-La203） are prepared by the conventional melt-quenching technique, and concentration-dependent luminescence properties of Er3＋ are investigated. A significant spectral broadening of the 1.53 μm fluorescence corresponding to 4113/2 4115/2 transition is observed, and the fluorescence decaying becomes a nearly exponential way with the increasing Er3＊concentration. Radiation trapping is evoked to explain the broadening of 4113/2 4115/2 emission line of Er3＋ ions. The optimum doping content of Er203 for 1.53 μm fluorescence emission is about 1.5 mol%.