缓解长三角洲地区高技能人才短缺的对策研究

本文通过对长三角洲上海、宁波、无锡三个地区缓解高技能人才短缺方面所做的措施的比较研究,得出从倡导正确的高技能人才价值导向、为高技能人才培养搭建平台、提高高技能人才的收入分配等各种福利政策、促进学校与企业合作共同培养高技能人才、促进高技能人才合理有序流动和证书互认平台建设等五个对策来缓解长三角洲地区高技能人才短缺问题,为培养高技能人才找到了有效途径。

吴文化与长江三角洲区域文化的整合

长江三角洲地区之所以有今天的成就,其原因是多方面的,其中,历史文化的积淀及其对经济社会发展的积极推动作用是十分明显的。因此,深入研究该地区的历史文化,既是区域文化研究的需要,也可以通过相关研究总结各地区的历史经验,为今天的社会发展提供借鉴。长三角洲是一个多元文化共存的地区,其中吴文化是代表性文化之一。本文从历史上吴文化在长三角洲地区的几次整合入手,论述了吴文化与长三角洲区域文化发展的紧密关系及发展趋势。

基于因子分析的城市综合力——以宁波与长三角洲主要城市为例

城市综合竞争力,是近几年国外兴起的城市管理新课题,宁波作为中国最大的经济圈——长江三角洲地区的第二大中心城市,在近几年的发展中受到来自国内同类城市,特别是长江三角洲地区周边25个城市的竞争压力,并对其微观层面和宏观层面,采用因子分析法和聚类分析法进行比较,从比较中找出宁波的优势与不足,提出合理建议和意见,便于今后的发展发挥优势,并针对不足,采取具体措施,加快宁波发展,提高城市综合竞争力。

长江三角洲地区城镇空间扩展特征及机制

城镇空间扩展是城市化作用于地理空间的直接结果,揭示城镇空间扩展过程、格局及机制已成为识别城镇发展阶段、认知城镇发展规律的有效手段。基于长江三角洲地区多时相卫星遥感影像数据,以城镇用地扩展空间分异与关联特征为切入点,利用间隙度指数、分形维数、扩展强度指数、扩展速度指数和空间关联模型,定量揭示了区域城镇空间扩展特征的多样性、空间组织异质性和"热点区"格局演化。结果表明:20世纪80年代以来,长三角洲地区城镇空间扩展在以中心城市集聚为主导的过程中,遵循"小集聚,大分散"的特点,围绕"Z"形区域发展轴线,大致经历了点轴扩展、沾粘式增长和蔓延扩张的过程,区域融合现象凸显;空间扩展的"热点区"格局不断演化,"热点区"的核心集聚作用在减弱,沪宁沿线、沪杭沿线、杭甬沿线和沿江地区成为驱动长三角城镇社会经济发展的核心区;同时,在城镇空间扩展的不同阶段,驱动机制有所差异,经济全球化和区域城市化推动着长三角城镇空间一体化进程。

Characterization of Air Pollution in Urban Areas of Yangtze River Delta,China

The hallmark of development in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD) of East China has been sprawling urbanization. However, air pollution is a significant problem in these urban areas. In this paper, we investigated and analyzed the air pollution index(API) in four cities(Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou and Ningbo) in the YRD from 2001 to 2012. We attempted to empirically examine the relationship between meteorological factors and air quality in the urban areas of the YRD. According to the monitoring data, the API in Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou slightly declined and that in Ningbo increased over the study period. We analyzed the inter-annual, seasonal, and monthly variations of API, from which we found that the air quality had different temporal changes in the four cities. It was indicated that air quality was poor in winter and spring and best in summer. Furthermore, different weather conditions affected air quality level. The wind direction was considered as an important and influential factor to air pollution, which has an impact on the accumulating or cleaning processes of pollutants. The air quality was influenced by the different wind directions that varied with seasons and cities.

Contamination of PAHs in Sludge Samples from the Yangtze River Delta Area

To ascertain the contaminated conditions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） in sludge and to evaluate the risk of application of this sludge for agricultural purposes, 44 sludge samples obtained from 15 cities in the Yangtze River Delta area of China were investigated using capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry （GC/MS） after ultrasonic extraction and silica gel cleanup. PAHs＇ contents ranged from 0.0167 to 15.4860 mg kg^-1 （dry weight, DW） and averaged 1.376 mg kg^-1, with most samples containing 〈 1.5 mg kg^-1. Pyrene （PY）, fluoranthene （FL）, benzo[b]fluoranthene （BbF）, indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene （IND）, benzo[a]pyrene （B[a]P）, and benzo[g,h,i]perylene （BghiP） were the most dominant compounds, ranging from 0.1582 to 0.2518 mg kg^-1. Single PAH, such as naphthalene （NAP, 2-benzene rings）, phenanthrene （PA, 3-benzene rings）, PY （4-benzene rings）, and FL （3-benzene rings）, had high detection rates （76.1%-93.5%）. The distribution patterns of PAHs were found to vary with the sludge samples; however, the patterns showed that a few compounds with 2- and 3-benzene rings were commonly found in the samples, whereas those with 4-, 5-, and 6-benzene rings were usually less commonly found. All the 44 sludge samples were within the B[a]P concentration limit for sludge applied to agricultural land in China （〈 3.0 rag kg^-1）. The probable sources of PAH contamination in the sludge samples were petroleum, petroleum products, and combustion of liquid and solid fuel. The concentrations and distributions of the 16 PAHs in sludge were related to sludge type, source, and treatment technology, together with the physicochemical properties.

Revisiting and Rethinking Regional Urbanization in Changjiang River Delta,China

China is entering a critical and accelerating phase of urbanization.As one of the most urbanized regions in China,the Changjiang(Yangtze)River Delta has experienced dramatic urbanization and urban transformation.However,in the recent years,many changes have taken place in this region and there is limited attention to the regional urbanization path evolution,its problems and the way to solve these problems.Therefore,we should revisit the urbanization process in the Changjiang River Delta again.In this paper,we revisited urbanization paths of the Changjiang River Delta by data analysis,influence factors of urbanization by the Gray Relational Analysis,and major challenges to urbanization of the Changjiang River Delta by theoretical considerations.We found that the urbanization of the Changjiang River Delta had experienced several stages of large-scale spatial and urban system restructuring.Within the Changjiang River Delta,Shanghai,Zhejiang and Jiangshu had experienced different urbanization path with local characteristics.But with their development model gradually converging,their urbanization model is also converging.We also found that the major influence factors affecting the Changjiang River Delta urbanization were dynamic change and urbanization was driven by different key factors in different socio-economic development stages.Meanwhile,the Changjiang River Delta urbanization is facing many problems such as existing institutional arrangements,including the hukou(household registration)system and others which can not meet the needs of current socioeconomic development and urbanization.Therefore,it is imperative to promote institutional innovation and adopt a new urbanization development strategy for the sake of the orderly and sustainable urbanization development in the Changjiang River Delta.

Application of Multi-agent Models to Urban Expansion in Medium and Small Cities: A Case Study in Fuyang City,Zhejiang Province,China

In this study, three-phase satellite images were used to define rules for the allocation of time and space in construction land resources based on a complex adaptive system and game theory. The decision behavior and rules of government agent, enterprise agent and resident agent in construction land growth were explored. A distinctive and dynamic simulation model of construction land growth was built, which integrated multi-agent, GIS technology and RS data and described the interaction among influencing agents, Taking Fuyang City in the Changjiang River Delta as an example, an assessment process for the remote sensing data in construction land and scenario planning was constructed. Repast and ArcGIS were used as simulation platforms. A simulation of the spatial pattern in land-use planning and the setting of scenario planning were conducted by using the incomplete active game, which was based on different natural, social and economic levels. Through this model, a simulation of urban planning space and decision-making for Fuyang City was created. Relevant non-structured problems arising from urban planning management could be identified, and the process and logic of urban planning spatial decision-making could thus be improved. Cell-by-cell comparison showed that the simulation accuracy was over 72%. This model has great potential for use by government and town planners in decision support and technique support in the policy-making process.

Prediction of China's Submerged Coastal Areas by Sea Level Rise due to Climate Change

Based on the simulation with the Ocean-Atmosphere Coupled Model CCSM and Ocean Model POP under the green- house gas emission scenario of the IPCC SRES A2 （IPCC, 2001）, and on the earth crust subsidence and glacier melting data, the relative sea level change is obtained along the coast of China in the 21 st century. Using the SRTM elevation data the submergence of coastal low land is calculated under the extreme water level with a 100-year retum period. The total flooding areas are 98.3× 10^3 and 104.9× 10^3 km2 for 2050 and 2080, respectively. For the three regions most vulnerable to extreme sea level rise, i.e., the coast of Bohai Bay, the Yangtze River Delta together with neighboring Jiangsu Province and northern Zhejiang Province, and the Pearl River Delta, the flooded areas are 5.0× 10^3, 64.1×10^3 and 15.3 × 10^3 km2 in 2050 and 5.2 × 10^3, 67.8×10^3 and 17.2 × 10^3 km2 in 2080, respectively.

Simulating Dry Deposition Fluxes of PM_(10) and Particulate Inorganic Nitrogen over the Eastern China Seas During a Severe Asian Dust Event Using WRF-Chem Model

A WRF-Chem model including a comprehensive gas-phase nitrogen chemistry module was used to simulate a severe dust event appearing in the eastern China on 19-25 March, 2002. The modeling result well reproduced PM10 concentrations in various distances from the dust sources and the transport pathway of the dust strom. The results showed that both the concentrations and the dry deposition fluxes of PM10 increased over the China seas during the dust event following the passage of a cold front system. The maximum fluxes of PM10 in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea during the dust event were 5.5 and 8.4 times of those before the event, respectively. However, the temporal variations of the dry deposition fluxes of particulate inorganic nitrogen differed over the Yellow Sea from those over the East China Sea. Nitrate and ammonium in the whole northern China rapidly decreased because of the intrusion of dust-loaded air on 19 March. The dust plume arrived in the Yellow Sea on 20 March, decreasing the particulate inorganic nitrogen in mass concentration accordingly. The minimum dry deposition fluxes of nitrate and ammonium in the Yellow Sea were about 3/5 and 1/6 of those before the dust arrival, respectively. In contrast, when the dust plume crossed over the Yangtze Delta area, it became abundant in nitrate and ammonium and increased the concentrations and dry deposition fluxes of particulate inorganic nitrogen over the East China Sea, where the maximum dry deposition fluxes of nitrate and ammonium increased approximately by 4.1 and 2.6 times of those prior to the dust arrival.

Benzo[a]pyrene and Phenanthrene in Municipal Sludge from the Yangtze River Delta, China

To evaluate the contaminated conditions of benzo[alpyrene （B[a]P） and phenanthrene （PA） in sludge and to ascertain whether B[a]P limit for land application of sludge exists, the contents of B[a]P and PA in 46 sludge samples from 15 cities in the Yangtze River Delta area of China were determined using high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） coupled with a fluorescence detector after ultrasonic extraction and silica gel cleanup. B[a]P contents ranged from non-detectable to 1.693 mg kg^-1 dry weight （DW）, averaged 0.402 mg kg^-1 DW, and were 〈 1.0 mg kg^-1 DW in most of the sludge samples. PA was found in all the sludge samples analyzed; its contents ranged between 0.028 and 1.355 mg kg^-1 DW, with an average value of 0.298 mg kg^-1 DW. Most of the sludge samples contained 〈 0.5 mg kg^-1 DW PA. All 46 municipal sludge samples analyzed in this study showed B[a]P contents 〈 3.0 mg kg^-1 DW, which is the limit value for sludge applied to agricultural lands in China. The contents and distributions of B[a]P and PA in municipal sludge were related to sludge types, sources and treatment technologies, along with the physical and chemical properties of these pollutants.

CLOBAL CHARM OF THE CHANGJIANG RIVER DELTA

Based on the theory of geo-economy,under the new situation of global economy,information network and China’s entry into WTO,also with the holding of APEC (in 2001) and the International Exposition in the near future,the Changjiang (Yangtze) River Delta is striding toward the spectacular international multi-polar situation and becomes one of core regions with high-speed development. Facing the ocean and world all along,leading the progressive tides of the age and scintillating the splendor of the nation,she does advance with time. Through a long period of irrigation projects construction and intensive operation of lands in previous agricultural society,the artificial wetland ecosystem with a positive cycle had ever been formed in this region. At present,environmental pollution and urban expansion resulted from post-industrialization are being rectified. The delta will be the paradigm of industrial and agricultural modernization along the sustainable development road. With the rapid development of urbanization,she has been one of the regions with the highest density population and high urbanization level. Taking the Changjiang River estuary and the Hangzhou Bay as two parts,she is continuously strengthening and adjusting her interior structure,expanding mothball space and constructing the oriental modern "logistics center" to link the whole world. The butterfly-style urban system of the Changjiang River Delta is flying,probably engendering earthshaking "butterfly effect".

Why the Yangzi Delta Did Not Become Industrialized： A Comparative Analysis of Economic Developments in China＇s Yangzi Delta Region and Great Britain

The development of the family-based handicraft industry in the Yangzi delta provided supplementary income and employment opportunities to auxiliary family members. But it did not replace subsistence farming as the primary method in which peasants made their living, and more importantly, it did not allow China to close the gap in the great divergence with the West. So why didn＇t the cotton-based handicraft industry catapult the Yangzi delta region into the modem era of industrialization？ Why did the handicraft industry merely serve as a supplementary rather than an alternative means of livelihood？ To understand the reasons why the handicraft industry did not transform China into an industrial and urban nation, it is important to examine the constraints in which population growth and land intensification had imposed on the peasants of the delta. These factors combined with the favorable geographical environment and commercial opportunities for trade in other regions, forced peasants to adopt the family-based handicraft industry as a supplementary source of income for survival. While the impact-response model may have suggested that it was the inability of the handicraft spinners and weavers to compete against British machines and the subsequent drop in cotton prices, a China-centered approach advocated by Paul Cohen would suggest domestic factors such as rapid population growth due to changes in taxation policies and the diminishing rate of return in labor, and the insufficient production office and grain may have been the real reasons that prevented the handicraft industry from developing into an alternative for farming.

Creating Regional Tourism Standards in the Yangtze River Dalta Region

With the strategicdevelopment of regionaltourism cooperation in theYangtze River Delta region,acceleratingthe creation oftourism standards becomesparamount.Which organizationcould best develop tourismstandards and the principles oftourism standards are discussedin this paper.Thelong-term and short-term plansfor the creation of regionaltourism standards in theYangtze River Delta region arealso presented.

An Empirical Research of Producer Services＇ Cluster Development To Regional Industrial Structure Optimization And Upgrading --Based on the Research of 16 central cities＇ Panel Data in Yangtze River Delta

Based on the 16 central cities＇ Panel Data in Yangtze River Delta, location quotient index is used in this paper to measure and analyze the current cluster situation of producer services in Yangtze River Delta, fixed effects model of Panel Data model is also used in this paper, and the industrial structure is taken as the dependent variable, while the core explanatory variables is the degree of producer services＇ cluster development, which is calculated by location quotient, moreover, three control variables introduced in this paper and they are technology advantage, education level and R＆D spending, and the mentioned above is to empirically study the impacts of producer services＇ cluster development to the regional industrial structure. As a result, producer services＇ cluster development has a significant positive role in promoting the regional industrial structure optimization and upgrading, though the extent is not yet a big push and is still to be further strengthened. In this paper, it has provided a strong evidence that under China＇ s new normal economy, producer services is badly needed to promote regional industrial structure, and finally it makes specific suggestions based on the current cluster situation of producer services in Yangtze River Delta.

Significant downward trend of SO_2 observed from 2005 to 2010 at a background station in the Yangtze Delta region,China

SO2 is an important gas in atmosphere with great environmental and climate implications.SO2 emission in China has been receiving great attention as the economy grows and the amount of coal consumption has increased in the past few decades.SO2 has been observed from July 2005 to June 2010 at Linan WMO GAW regional station(30.3 °N,119.73 °E,138 m a.s.l.) located in the Yangtze Delta region in eastern China.These observation data are analyzed to understand the trend of regional SO2 background concentration.Strict quality controls are conducted to ensure the temporal comparability of the data.Significant downward trend with ?2.4 ppb/yr(P < 0.0001) of surface SO2 is observed from 2005 to 2010,especially after 2008.The average concentration of SO2 from July 2005 to June 2008 is 14.2±3.1 ppb,which is slightly higher than the mean values of 13.5±5.1 ppb during 1999?2000 and is two folds of the average value(7.1±3.1 ppb) from July 2008 to June 2010.More than 50% of the SO2 has been cut down after 2008 in the Yangtze Delta region due to the implementation of stricter emission control measures.The peak SO2 concentration appears around 10 o'clock in the morning after 2009 while appears at night before 2009.These diurnal variations of SO2 might indicate that after 2009,more SO2 is from the vertical exchange process than from the local accumulation.

Spatial expansion and potential of construction land use in the Yangtze River Delta

Based on remote sensing data of the Yangtze River Delta(YRD) in the years of 1991, 2001 and 2008, the paper built an index system of land use potential restraint factors in YRD, according to geological condition, terrain condition, water area, natural reserve area and basic farmland, and evaluated construction land potential based on the platform of GIS spatial analysis model. The results showed that:(1) the construction land increased rapidly since 1991 and reached 24,951.21 km2 in 2008, or 21.27% of the total area. Among all the cities in the YRD, Shanghai took the greatest percentage, followed by Jiangsu and Zhejiang. Spatially, areas where government departments are located became the growth center of construction land. Prefecture-level cities were the fastest growth region and the changing trend showed circle layered characteristics and significant increase with Shanghai and Suzhou as the core.(2) The higher the quality of construction land potentials(CLP), the smaller the number of CLP units. High sensitive area accounted for the largest percentage(40.14%) among all types of constraint regions and this was followed by medium sensitive region(31.53%) of the whole region.(3) The comprehensive CLP in the YRD was 24,989.65 km2, or 21.76% of the total YRD. The land use potential showed spatial distribution imbalance. CLP of Zhejiang was obviously larger than that of Jiangsu. CLP was insufficient in regional central city. Moreover, CLP in the YRD formed a circle layered spatial pattern that increasingly expanded centered in prefecture-level cities. Low potential area expanded from north to south. High potential area was mainly located in south YRD. Areas with zero potential in the YRD formed a northwest-southeast "Y-shaped" spatial pattern in north Hangzhou Bay.(4) CLP per capita in YRD was 0.045 ha/person and also unevenly distributed. Some 25.57% of the study units at county level nearly had no construction land and 8.24% of the units had CLP per capita below the national average level. CLP per capita in less than 25% of the county-level units was larger than the YRD average level, which were mainly located in Zhejiang. Therefore, research on the construction potential area in YRD was favorable for analysis of the development status and potential space of this region under the background of rapid urbanization and industrialization.

Effect of Farming Practices on the Variability of Phosphorus Status in Intensively Managed Soils

Phosphorus(P) in agricultural soils is an important factor for soil quality and environmental protection. Understanding of P and its fractions in soils on a regional scale is imperative for effective management or utilization of P and the improvement of P availability in soils. To study spatial variability and changes of soil P and its fractions as affected by farming practices, soil samples were taken in Rugao County, Jiangsu Province of China, an intensive agricultural area in the Yangtze River Delta region, in years of 1982(n = 1 514), 1997(n = 1 651), and 2002(n = 342). High spatial variabilities of Olsen P and total P(TP) were observed throughout the study area. Loamy Stagnic Anthrosols and clay or loamy Aquic Cambosols had significantly higher concentrations of Olsen P and TP than sandy Ustic Cambosols and Aquic Cambosols. Olsen P and TP were increased from 1982 to 2002. The accumulations of Olsen P and TP in the cultivated soils were likely related to the increased application of P fertilizer, organic input,and soil incorporation of crop residues as well as conversion of soil use. Accumulated soil P was dominantly in labile and semi-labile P fractions. These P fractions may be utilized by future crop production by adjusting management practices, but they also pose a serious threat to nearby water bodies. Future strategies should include decreasing P fertilization in soils and supporting sustainable management. The information from this study can be used to monitor changes in soil fertility and environmental risks so that the use of fertilizers can become more rational.

Transition and Transplantation in China＇s Local Development： The Case of the Yangtze River Delta Region

In the past nearly 30 years, the emergence of the market economies in China was characterised by geographical concentration of economic activities. The particularly successful cases happened in the Yangtze River Delta, namely, the two most famous models for local developments in China＇s economic transformation and market development： the ＂ South Jiangsu Model＂ in south Jiangsu and the ＂Wenzhou model＂ in southeast Zhejiang. Although there have been debates upon the two development models for a considerably long time, both models keep being open in and compatible to local development and globalization. The two models influence each other, keep being in institutional transition through bilateral paths transplantation, i.e. learning from each other and employing cooperation in their developments. Transition and transplantation are adaptation mechanisms for local developments of the two models to participate in global economies with industrial division and labour division, and also for the two models to continuously further contribute to China＇s nationwide market transition and economic development.

The Yangtze River’s Development Swells

Coordinated regional development has long been a focus of the Chinese Government.For instance,over the past few decades,the government has rolled out the western region development plan as well as its strategy of revitalizing northeast China.It has also developed economic zones in regions such as the west coast of the Taiwan Straits and the Yangtze River Delta.At present,another such regional development zone,