叠氮硝胺发射药与赛璐珞药盒长储稳定性研究

为研究叠氮硝胺发射药与赛璐珞药盒的长储稳定性,采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)和真空安定性法(VST)研究分析了叠氮硝胺发射药与赛璐珞片的化学相容性,采用GJB736.8—1990火工品试验71℃试验法研究分析了叠氮硝胺发射药与赛璐珞药盒之间的组分迁移性。DSC试验表明,叠氮硝胺发射药与赛璐珞片混合体系的热分解峰温降低,降低值为0.5℃,混合体系相容;VST试验表明,混合体系净增放气量R为0.3 mL/g,混合体系相容;71℃试验法储存26 d后,叠氮硝胺发射药中的增塑剂(DIANP、NG)质量分数由39.82%降低到33.67%,药盒中增塑剂(DIANP、NG)质量分数由0增加到33.89%,发射药与药盒之间存在增塑剂的迁移。叠氮硝胺发射药与赛璐珞药盒化学相容性良好,但物理安定性差,存在增塑剂的迁移,加速老化10 d后,体系浓度达到平衡。

长储枪弹包装铁匣鼓胀研究

对现有长储枪弹包装铁匣鼓胀的原因进行定性和定量分析，并找出了产生鼓胀的主要因素。

大型浮顶罐内长储原油沉降分层与计量分析

本文依托热力学相平衡的理论,通过构建常压条件下大型浮顶罐内长储原油的固相沉积模型,将原油碳数作为输入数据,经过模拟计算最终得出沉降量,同时分析沉积分层对于原油的影响,围绕沉降规律、计量影响因素等方面探究精准计量的具体方式,进而为优化油温测量精确度、促进油品的高效生产奠定基础。

陕北斜坡西部定边小油田长_3储油层的特征探讨

简要介绍了长3储油层的构造及其砂岩类型和特征,重点分析了其物性特征、孔隙结构和泥质含量,为油田的开采提供了依据。

基于趋势分析法的火工品可靠储存寿命估计

针对加速寿命试验预估得到的火工品可靠储存寿命与实际相差较大、精度较低的问题,对某型火工品进行了自然环境长储试验。将检测得到的关键性能参数进行了最小二乘回归分析,并利用非中心t分布建立相应的容忍区间,结合性能指标的失效阈值,得到火工品的可靠储存寿命估计值。所得结果表明,该方法得到的寿命估计值大于通过加速寿命试验得到的火工品设计可靠储存寿命,考虑了火工品储存过程中的实际情况,准确性更高,为该火工品及相关弹药产品的延寿提供了依据。

安塞油田长6油层酸敏性研究

研究了安塞油田长6油层对盐酸、磷酸、乙酸的敏感性。通过油层天然岩芯室内试验,得出了油层对不同酸液的敏感性,分析了产生不同敏感结果的机理。本文还采用了对比压汞曲线的方法来了解酸敏结果。

动态真空安定性试验方法研究(Ⅰ)

为了研究含能材料的安定性、相容性和长储寿命,在真空和加热条件下测试含能材料的热分解过程,在真空安定性(VST)原理基础上,建立了压力和温度传感器全内置式的动态真空安定性试验(dynamic vacuum stabilitytest,DVST)测试装置及方法,实现了对含能材料真空安定性的实时、在线、连续、直接跟踪测试,为精确研究含能材料的安定性、预估储存寿命提供了一种新方法。

制导弹药火工品单应力水平加速寿命试验研究

准确判定火工品的剩余寿命,对制导弹药维修工作至关重要。从制导弹药储存的实际情况出发,阐述了适时对火工品实施加速寿命试验的必要性,分析了加速寿命试验中的加速应力、寿命分布、加速系数、应力水平和试验时间,最后结合火工品具有一定储存期和试验为单一应力水平的特点,从不同角度对试验数据处理进行了探讨,从而得出了更为准确的试验结果。

叠氮硝胺发射药的燃烧性能调控技术

为改善叠氮硝胺发射药的燃烧性能,以小分子多炔基化合物(TPTM)作为钝感剂前驱体,采用转鼓喷涂工艺对其进行表面钝感处理,TPTM与发射药组份1,5-二叠氮基-3-硝基-3-氮杂戊烷(DIANP)在60℃反应,形成网状结构大分子钝感剂,并通过密闭爆发器试验、热加速老化试验和14.5 mm机枪试验表征了钝感效果,通过30 mm火炮试验考核了钝感发射药的内弹道性能。结果表明:钝感叠氮硝胺发射药的初始燃速降低15%左右、渐增性燃烧特征量L m/L0大于1.5、长储稳定性好,在30 mm炮上具有良好的内弹道性能。

Carbon storage and flux for alpine tundra ecosystems in Changbai Mountains,Northeast China

This paper examined the carbon storage and flux of vegetation-litter-soil in alpine tundra ecosystems in Changbai Mountains. Approximately 17251 t·a-1 of carbon was yearly stored in the vegetation and 15043.1 t·a^-1of carbon flew into soil by litters. The vegetation-litter-soil ecosystem stored 452624 t·a^-1 of carbon, which was the important CO2 sink. The net carbon storage was currently 3146 t·a^-1 in vegetation-litter-soil ecosystem.

Simulation of strain induced abnormal grain growth in aluminum alloy by coupling crystal plasticity and phase field methods

A mesoscale modeling methodology is proposed to predict the strain induced abnormal grain growth in the annealing process of deformed aluminum alloys. Firstly, crystal plasticity finite element(CPFE) analysis is performed to calculate dislocation density and stored deformation energy distribution during the plastic deformation. A modified phase field(PF) model is then established by extending the continuum field method to consider both stored energy and local interface curvature as driving forces of grain boundary migration. An interpolation mapping approach is adopted to transfer the stored energy distribution from CPFE to PF efficiently. This modified PF model is implemented to a hypothetical bicrystal firstly for verification and then the coupled CPFE-PF framework is further applied to simulating the 2D synthetic polycrystalline microstructure evolution in annealing process of deformed AA3102 aluminum alloy.Results show that the nuclei with low stored energy embedded within deformed matrix tend to grow up, and abnormal large grains occur when the deformation is close to the critical plastic strain, attributing to the limited number of recrystallized nuclei and inhomogeneity of the stored energy.

嘉庆嗣位考述

清嘉庆帝颙琰,在乾隆17子中排行第十五,且出自庶妃,若按汉族封建王朝所沿用的嫡长建储法,其嗣位希望几近于零.但清王朝在皇位继承上有其自身特点,且变化很大,而颙琰众多兄长之不同境遇,也给颙琰得嗣大位造成了种种机遇;加上他自身的努力,特别是在“勤”、“俭”、“仁”、“慎”四个方面涵养甚深,终于脱颖而出,被乾隆确立为储君而承继大统.通过对嘉庆嗣位的考释,将有助于我们加深对清代建储制度发展演变以及嘉庆为人为政的认识.

Design of Unequal Thickness Interference Filters with Quarter Wavelength Stack

A system of unequal thickness interference filters with quarter wavelength stack which consists of a spacer surrounded by two multilayer stacks is designed, and the examples of the filter design are given. This kind of filters are not only characterized by high-transparency, but also by high - reflection ,therefore , it is superior to the common equal thickness interference system with quarter wavelength . it is easier to control the manufacturing techniques of the new design as compared with that of interference filter of non- quarter wavelength.

Effects of Cold Storage on Quality Traits of Sardinian Myrtle （Myrtus communis L.） Berries and Their Alcoholic Extracts

Myrtus communis L. is a spontaneous aromatic plant typical of the Mediterranean area. Myrtle berries hydrodistilled products and ethanolic extracts are mainly used as flavouring agents and food supplements. This study evaluated the effect of long-term storage on the quality-related properties of myrtle berries. Storage at 2 ~C for three months effbctively preserved myrtle berries quality, both in the chemical composition and external appearance. No symptoms of chilling injury and decay occurred during the first two months of storage, at the end of storage only the 1.3% of rotting was detected. Total anthocyanic content and anthocyanin glycosides diminished whereas the antioxidant capacity increased in all samples till the end of storage. The antioxidant properties of myrtle berries were not correlated with the anthocyanic fraction. The pH of myrtle berries decreased, while gluconic acid levels increased. The results reported in this paper showed that the storage at 2 ~C for three months appears to be an effective way to preserve myrtle berries quality. The changes in the chemical composition of the fruits subjected to storage had revealed the importance of gluconic acid and pH for myrtle quality assessment. These two parameters can be used as quality markers since a strong relationship has been found between myrtle decay and the changes in these parameters,

Numerical analysis of methane migration from floor strata to a longwall face

A two-dimensional numerical mine strata in the vicinity of seam 349 in model of a large （1 000 m× 200 m） section of Iongwall panel 802 in part B of the Murcki Colliery in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin, Poland, was built using the Universal Distinct Element Code UDEC. Longwall extraction of seam 349 with roof caving was simulated in the model over a length of 450 m. Mining-induced changes in displacements, strains and stresses in the mine strata were investigated. Under the assumptions that （1） methane-bearing strata occur 15.6 m beneath seam 349 and include seam 350 and the strata lying beneath, and （2） the methane reservoir pressure is equal to 2 MPa, a fully coupled mechanical hydraulic analysis was performed in which joint conductivity was dependent on the mechanical deformation and, conversely, the mechanical behavior of rock masses was affected by joint fluid pressure. It was shown that migration of methane from coal seams lying beneath the mined seam is possible under conditions where the floor strata deform to a great extent, undergo separation, fracture and break into blocks.

Relationship Among Reserve Ratio, Government Spending and Economic Growth

The relationship among reserve ration, government spending and economic growth was analyzed. A monetary endogenous growth model is well developed by taking into account the growth-enhancing effects of re- serve-augmenting seigniorage. If the government spends all the seigniorage revenue on the provision of a public input which has positive externality on the private sector’s production, some results to be utterly different from Bronx’s have been obtained: the economy has a unique saddle-balanced growth path, but it has nothing to do with reserve ratio. However, the higher reserve ratio, the faster speed of economic convergence.

Combined influence of sedimentation and vegetation on the soil carbon stocks of a coastal wetland in the Changjiang estuary

Coastal wetlands play an important role in the global carbon cycle. Large quantities of sediment deposited in the Changjiang （Yangtze） estuary by the Changjiang River promote the propagation of coastal wetlands, the expansion of saltmarsh vegetation, and carbon sequestration. In this study, using the Chongming Dongtan Wetland in the Changjiang estuary as the study area, the spatial and temporal distribution of soil organic carbon （SOC） stocks and the influences of sedimentation and vegetation on the SOC stocks of the coastal wetland were examined in 2013. There was sediment accretion in the northern and middle areas of the wetland and in the Phragmites australis marsh in the southern area, and sediment erosion in the Scirpus mariqueter marsh and the bare mudflat in the southem area. More SOC accumulated in sediments of the vegetated marsh than in the bare mudflat. The total organic carbon （TOC） stocks increased in the above-ground biomass from spring to autumn and decreased in winter; in the below-ground biomass, they gradually increased from spring to winter. The TOC stocks were higher in the below-ground biomass than in the above-ground biomass in the P. australis and Spartina alterniflora marshes, but were lower in the below-ground biomass in S. mariqueter marsh. Stocks of SOC showed temporal variation and increased gradually in all transects from spring to winter. The SOC stocks tended to decrease from the high marsh down to the bare mudflat along the three transects in the order： P. australis marsh 〉 S. alterniflora marsh 〉 S. mariqueter marsh 〉 bare mudflat. The SOC stocks of the same vegetation type were higher in the northern and middle transects than in the southern transect. These results suggest that interactions between sedimentation and vegetation regulate the SOC stocks in the coastal wetland in the Changjiang estuary.

Frequency Variations of Power System Due to Switching of Renewable Energy Sources

Power systems in Germany mainly containing intermittently operating renewable sources require load/frequency control which is performed up to now at the AC transmissioh and distribution levels. Frequency control can be achieved by employing short-and long-term storage plants buffering and complementing renewable energy sources. A representative grid consists of a natural-gas-fired plant serving as frequency leader, long-term storage plant, wind-power farm with associated short-term storage plantfor energy buffering, and photovoltaic farm with associated short-term storage plant interconnected by a long transmission line to two load circuits. Transient analysis is performed with Mathemafica solving the differential equation system for frequency variation. Powerflow through the AC transmission line is limited by its impedance. The long transmission line must be segmented to achieve stability and voltage control over an 800 km distance. The renewable plants must be operated together with the storage plants in order tominimize frequency variations by smoothing the power output of renewable plants, achieving step-wise control of the transmission-line power. Although to date only AC Iransmission lines in Germany exist, it is anticipated that within the next 10 years these will beaugmented by DC high-voltage lines.

Effects of Forest Type and Urbanization on Carbon Storage of Urban Forests in Changchun, Northeast China

Rapid urbanization has led to dramatic changes in urban forest structures and functions, and consequently affects carbon(C) storage in cities. In this study, field surveys were combined with high resolution images to investigate the variability of C storage of urban forests in Changchun, Northeast China. The main objectives of this study were to quantify the C storage of urban forests in Changchun City, Northeast China and understand the effects of forest type and urbanization on C storage of urban forests. The results showed that the mean C density and the total C storage of urban forests in Changchun were 4.41 kg/m2 and 4.74 × 108 kg, respectively. There were significant differences in C density among urban forest types. Landscape and relaxation forest(LF) had the highest C density with 5.41 kg/m2, while production and management forest(PF) had the lowest C density with 1.46 kg/m2. These differences demonstrate that urban forest type is an important factor needed to be considered when the C storage is accurately estimated. Further findings revealed significant differences in different gradients of urbanization, and the mean C density decreased from the first ring(6.99 kg/m2) to the fourth ring(2.87 kg/m2). The total C storage increased from the first ring to the third ring. These results indicate that C storage by urban forests will be significantly changed during the process of urbanization. The results can provide insights for decision-makers and urban planners to better understand the effects of forest type and urbanization on C storage of urban forests in Changchun, and make better management plans for urban forests.

Renminbi Internationalization and Stability of the International Monetary System

This paper investigates the stability of the international monetary system using the new open economic analysis framework. Our research has discovered that conditions for the stability of the international monetary system are such that the economic volume of reserve currency countries must be large enough and that the solvency capacity growth rate of reserve currency countries should be no lower than the real output growth rate of non- reserve currency countries and the real return of the reserve currency,＂ the existence of the valuation effect cannot secure the stability of a reserve currency,＂ and inclusion of the euro and the Japanese yen into international reserve currencies cannot stabilize the international monetary system, while Renminbi internationalization plays an irreplaceable role to the stability of the international monetary system.