视频后期合成与像素

对像素、分辨率和电视制式概念的阐述,提出视频后期合成的格式及分辨率设置。以常用软件AdobePotoshop(图像处理)Adobe after effcts(视频处理)图示说明像素、分辨率和视频合成之间的关系,分析视频合成过程中变形、抖动、效果差的现象。

Insulin-like growth factor-1, IGF binding protein-3, and the risk of esophageal cancer in a nested case-control study

To assess the relationship between serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1)/IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP3) and the risk of esophageal carcinoma.METHODSWe assessed the relationship between the serum levels of these molecules and the risk of esophageal cancer in a prospective, nested case-control study of participants from the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study. A baseline survey was conducted from 1988 to 1990. Of the 110585 enrolled participants, 35% donated blood samples. Those who had been diagnosed with esophageal cancer were considered cases for nested case-control studies. A conditional logistic model was used to estimate odds ratios for the incidence of esophageal cancer associated with serum IGF1 and IGFBP3 levels.RESULTSThirty-one cases and 86 controls were eligible for the present assessment. The molar ratio of IGF1/IGFBP3, which represents the free and active form of IGF1, was not correlated with the risk of esophageal carcinoma. A higher molar difference between IGFBP3 and IGF1, which estimates the free form of IGFBP3, was associated with a decreased risk of esophageal carcinoma (P = 0.0146), and people in the highest tertile had the lowest risk (OR = 0.107, 95%CI: 0.017-0.669). After adjustment for body mass index, tobacco use, and alcohol intake, the molar difference of IGFBP3-IGF1 was inversely correlated with the risk of esophageal carcinoma (P = 0.0150).CONCLUSIONThe free form of IGFBP3, which is estimated by this molar difference, may be inversely associated with esophageal cancer incidence.

Wound healing of intestinal epithelial cells

The intestinal epithelial cells(IECs) form a selective permeability barrier separating luminal content from underlying tissues.Upon injury,the intestinal epithelium undergoes a wound healing process.Intestinal wound healing is dependent on the balance of three cellular events;restitution,proliferation,and differentiation of epithelial cells adjacent to the wounded area.Previous studies have shown that various regulatory peptides,including growth factors and cytokines,modulate intestinal epithelial wound healing.Recent studies have revealed that novel factors,which include toll-like receptors(TLRs),regulatory peptides,particular dietary factors,and some gastroprotective agents,also modulate intestinal epithelial wound repair.Among these factors,the activation of TLRs by commensal bacteria is suggested to play an essential role in the maintenance of gut homeostasis.Recent studies suggest that mutations and dysregulation of TLRs could be major contributing factors in the predisposition and perpetuation of inflammatory bowel disease.Additionally,studies have shown that specific signaling pathways are involved in IEC wound repair.In this review,we summarize the function of IECs,the process of intestinal epithelial wound healing,and the functions and mechanisms of the various factors that contribute to gut homeostasis and intestinal epithelial wound healing.

Inhibition of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced gastric tumorigenesis by Liuwei Dihuang Pill in db/db mice

AIM To investigate the inhibitory effect of Liuwei Dihuang Pill(LDP) on gastric tumorigenesis induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea(MNU) in diabetic mice.METHODS Four-week-old mice were divided into four groups: A, 12 db/m mice treated with MNU and saline, as the non-diabetic control; B, 12 db/db mice treated with MNU and saline, as the diabetic control; C, 12 db/db mice treated with MNU and metformin, as the positive control; and D, 12 db/db mice treated with MNU and LDP. MNU was administrated for 20 wk to induce gastric carcinogenesis. LDP was administrated for 10 wk for improvement of insulin resistance. Body weight and food intake were measured every week. Blood samples were collected for assays of fasting blood glucose, insulin, insulin-like growth factor(IGF)-1, adiponectin and leptin. Stomach tissues were collected for histopathological analysis, immunohistochemical staining of Ki67, quantitative reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction and western blotting. RESULTS The incidence of MNU-induced gastric dysplasia was significantly elevated in diabetic(db/db) mice relative to the control(db/m) mice. The incidence of gastricdysplasia was significantly reduced by LDP with suppression of cell proliferation, as demonstrated by a decrease in Ki67 staining. Hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and serum IGF-1 were inhibited by LDP. Expression of IGF-1 and insulin receptor m RNAs was decreased, phosphorylation of IGF-1 receptor and AKT protein was reduced in the stomach tissues by LDP. In addition, adiponectin was increased and leptin was decreased in the serum by LDP. CONCLUSION LDP decreased risk of gastric dysplasia in type 2 diabetic mice by down-regulation of IGF and insulin activity and correction of adipokines disorders.

Preparatory training attenuates drastic response of the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 at the point of maximal oxygen consumption in handball players

Background:Intensive exercise changes physiological need for glucose and several biochemical pathways responsible for its metabolism response.Among them are those which involve insulin,insulin-like growth factor(IGF-1),and IGF-binding proteins(IGFBPs).Different types and degrees of exercise,as well as an athlete's fitness,may induce a range of responses regarding concentrations and time needed for the alteration.The idea of the work was to find out whether and how insulin/IGF axis responds to additional physical activity in the already trained subjects and if so,is the adaptation potentially beneficial from the aspect of metabolic control.Methods:The effect of 4-week intensive training on campus(preparatory training) on the levels of insulin,IGF-1,and IGFBPs during maximal progressive exercise test(MPET) on a treadmill was compared to the results obtained during MPET conducted after a regular training season of a female elite handball team(n = 17,age:17 ± 1 years,height:171 ± 8 cm,weight:65 ± 8 kg,body mass index:22 ± 1 kg/m^2 at the beginning of the study;there were no significant changes at the end).Serum samples were obtained from players immediately before the test(basal),at the end of the test after reaching the point of maximal oxygen consumption(VO_(2max)),and after recovery.Results:The concentration of insulin decreased at VO_(2max),but remained higher in players after preparatory training(12.2 ± 2.5 m U/L vs.8.9 ± 4.4 m U/L,p = 0.049).The level of IGFBP-1 decreased in players at VO_(2max) in either case of training,but it remained much higher in tests performed after the preparatory regime than before(p = 0.029).Concentrations of IGF-1,IGFBP-2,-3,and-4 did not change significantly.Conclusion:The inverse relation between insulin and IGFBP-1 was lost during MPET,as these 2 molecules changed in the same direction.The results obtained suggest less severe stress-induced depression of insulin and IGFBP-1 after preparatory training.But another metabolic mechanism cannot be excluded,and that is potentially impaired insulin sensitivity resulting in higher level of IGFBP-1.