长江三峡区的宏体生物化石

长江三峡区的宏体生物化石陈孟莪１９８２年初夏作者和马国干二人为追索震旦系──寒武系界线（大约距今６亿年前）返回途中，因天热休息在株秭归县（屈原和王昭君的故乡）茅坪区篮陵乡庙河村北边的山坡路边（距三峡大坝约３０公里）上的黑色页岩中发现第一块完整的高级藻...

长江三峡地区退化生态系统土壤微生物的初步研究

通过对长江三峡地区４种退化生态系统类型，每一类型５个土壤样品中微生物的初步研究，结果表明该地区土壤每克干土中真菌和细菌的数量分别为８．６２×１０４～１．３１×１０５ｃｆｕ及１．５４７×１０７～６．９５７×１０７ｃｆｕ，但不同退化生态系统类型下土壤微生物的数量有所不同，其中单位重量土壤真菌数量（ｃｆｕ／ｇ）多少顺序为：栓皮栎林（Ｑｕｅｒｃｕｓｖａｒｉａｂｉｌｉｓｆｏｒｅｓｔ）＞马尾松林（Ｐｉｎｕｓｍａｓｏｎｉａｎａｆｏｒｅｓｔ）＞马尾松栓皮栎混交林（ＰｉｎｕｓｍａｓｏｎｉａｎａＱｕｅｒｃｕｓｖａｒｉａｂｉｌｉｓｆｏｒｅｓｔ）＞杉木林（Ｃｕｎｎｉｎｇｈａｍｉａｌａｎｃｅｏｌａｔａｆｏｒｅｓｔ），细菌数量顺序为：马尾松栓皮栎混交林（ＰｉｎｕｓｍａｓｏｎｉａｎａＱｕｅｒｃｕｓｖａｒｉａｂｉｌｉｓｆｏｒｅｓｔ）＞栓皮栎林（Ｑｕｅｒｃｕｓｖａｒｉａｂｉｌｉｓｆｏｒｅｓｔ）＞马尾松林（Ｐｉｎｕｓｍａｓｏｎｉａｎａｆｏｒｅｓｔ）＞杉木林（Ｃｕｎｎｉｎｇｈａｍｉａｌａｎｃｅｏｌａｔａｆｏｒｅｓｔ）。真菌种类鉴定表明，青霉菌（Ｐｅｎｉｃｉｌｉｕｍｓｐ．）、镰刀菌（Ｆｕｓａｒｉｕｍｓｐｐ．）、木霉菌（Ｔｒｉｈｏｄｅｒｍ?

长江三峡水库消落区保护利用研究

阐述了长江三峡水库消落区概况及其保护利用的意义和目的,分析了消落区存在的主要问题,提出了三峡水库消落区保护利用的相应对策:尽快编制消落区保护利用规划,有序开展保护利用工作;尽快建立完善消落区保护利用法规,依法开展其工作;及时研究消落区保护利用作中出现的新情况及重大问题,进行理论突破、政策创新和管理创新;尽快开展消落区保护利用的科研工作,寻求科技支撑,提高其保护利用效益。

三峡库区顺层基岩岸坡稳定性影响因素与破坏机制分析

随着三峡库区移民迁建工程实施,三峡一带的地质构造逐步受到关注。尤其是长江三峡库首区广泛分布的具有变倾角结构的顺层岸坡,常常是引发大中型岩质滑坡的罪魁祸首。一般情况下,它们状态比较稳定,然而一旦遭到破坏时,其后果不堪设想。长江三峡库首区是库区地质环境最为复杂特殊、受水库蓄水影响最大的地段之一,同时这些变倾角顺层岸坡处也是人类活动最为频繁地带,分布着大量的人口和工程建设设施。因此,对长江三峡库首区变倾角顺层岸坡的稳定性影响因素和破坏机制分析,具有相当重大的理论价值和社会意义。着重从内在因素的影响、外在动力的诱发以及顺层岸坡的破坏机制三大块着手分析。

关于三峡河段绿色锚地建设的思考

对三峡河段绿色锚地已有的建设实践、经验及亮点进行了梳理总结,结合绿色能源、绿色待闸、绿色趸船、绿色服务四个方面发展现状及长江三峡通航综合服务区的建设,提出加快三峡待闸锚地绿色发展的有关建议。

Climate observation of the Three Gorges Region of the Yangtze River in 2019

This report provides a broad overview of the climate and the major weather and climate events over the Three Gorges Region of the Yangtze River(TGR)in 2019.The year 2019,a 0.3℃ warmer year than normal,had a colder winter and warmer spring,summer,and autumn.Annual precipitation in 2019 was 13%less than normal.Below average normal rainfall amounts were received in all four seasons,with 28%and 16%less-than-normal in winter and summer,respectively.The annual mean wind speed in the TGR was higher than normal,and relative humidity was near normal for all four seasons.The intensity of acid rain in 2019 was the weakest since 1999.The major climate events and meteorological disasters in the TGR in 2019 included heat waves,drought,and rainstorms.Heat waves occurred frequently and persisted for long durations.Summer and autumn drought occurred in central and eastern regions of the TGR.The autumn rains of West China occurred earlier this year,which brought much more rainfall than normal in central and western regions of the TGR.

State of the climate in the Three Gorges Region of the Yangtze River basin in 2020

In 2020,the average air temperature in the Three Gorges Region(TGR)of the Yangtze River basin was 17.2℃,which was close to normal,there were exceptionally fewer days than normal with high temperatures,and the high-temperature events mainly occurred in August.Meanwhile,the average precipitation was 1530.8 mm,which was a remarkable 29%more than usual,and the second-highest since 1961.The precipitation was obviously above-normal in summer,and the precipitation in both June and July was the second-highest of the same period in history.The average number of rainstorm days was higher than normal,and the second-highest since 1961.The average wind speed in the TGR was apparently higher than normal;the average relative humidity was slightly higher than normal;and there were no instances of acid rain,with the rain acidity showing a significant weakening trend over the previous 15 years.In the summer of 2020,the TGR experienced heavy rainstorms and flood disasters.Analysis shows that the frequent southward movement of cold air and abundant warm water vapor from the southwest were the direct causes of the abnormally high precipitation in the TGR from June to July.After the spring of 2020,the continuously high sea surface temperature in the Indian Ocean led to a continuously strong western Pacific subtropical high and its average location being situated more to the south than normal,which might have been an important cause for the abnormal climate conditions in the Yangtze River basin from June to July.

Impact of soil texture and sweetpotato cropping system on soil erosion and nutrient loss in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of the Changjiang River

This study investigated the impact of soil texture and sweetpotato cropping system on soil erosion and nutrient loss in the drought infield of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Changjiang River under field conditions. A factorial experiment was conducted in the study using five soil textures and two cropping systems. The lost soil during the crop season was recovered by a soil-blocking device and the dry weights for the total lost soil and its nutrient components, such as ammonium nitrogen, effective phosphorus, K^＋ and organic matter were analyzed. We found that soil texture significantly affected the dry weights of the total lost soil, effective phosphorus, K^＋, and organic matter, while sweetpotato cropping systems and interaction between soil texture and sweetpotato cropping system affected the dry weights of the total lost soil, the effective phosphorus and organic matter. Among the five soil textures tested, Da and Huang caused significantly less soil erosion and nutrient loss compared with the other three soil textures; intercropping sweetpotato with corn significantly reduced soil erosion and nutrient loss.

The M_S 4.1 Reservoir-induced Hujiaping Earthquake in the Yangtze Three Gorges Reservoir Region

In this paper,based on the collected data and earthquake field investigation,characteristics of the MS4.1 Hujiaping earthquake of November 22,2008 at Guizhou town in Zigui county,Hubei Province and the geological and hydrogeological conditions and seismicity background of the area are analyzed,and the earthquake disaster is presented. Some scientific issues relating to earthquake precursors and the cause of the earthquake is discussed. The authors consider that the earthquake is a tectonic type reservoir-induced earthquake,occurring along the Xiannvshan fault under the joint action of reservoir water loading and water infiltration,and that there were certain suspected anomalies appearing in the gravity field before the earthquake. The cause of the earthquake may also be related to the effect of the Wenchuan earthquake on the local stress field.

The flood control and regulation of Three Gorges Project

The important role of Three Gorges Project (TGP) in the flood management of the Yangtze River Basin is summarized.The Optimal Regulation Schemes of the Three Gorge Reservoir is briefly described.The flood regulation effect of TGP is analyzed.Typical issues related to reservoir operation for flood regulation are discussed and suggestions are put forward for the future work.

Intensive Observation of Reservoirinduced Seismicity and Preliminary Analysis on the Causes of Earthquakes in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area,Yangtze River

In accordance with the requirements of the National Key Technology R＆D Program of the 11th ＂Five-year Plan＂, a densified seismic network consisting of 26 seismic stations was established at the Three Gorges Reservoir area in the section of Hubei Province in March 2009 （21 short-period seismographs, 5 broadband digital seismographs）. From March to December, 2009, a total of 2,995 ML -0. 8 - 2. 9 earthquakes were detected during the trial impounding of the Three Gorges Reservoir （ water level rose from 145 m to 172.8m）. Using the double difference earthquake location algorithm, 2,837 earthquakes were precisely re-located. The results show that the pattern of small local earthquake swarms in the Three Gorges Reservoir area took on a linear distribution or mass-like cluster distribution, the mass-like clusters of events were generally within a distance of 5 km from waterfront, and the linear distribution of the earthquakes could be extended to a distance of 16 km away from the waterfront. In the Hubei section of the Three Gorges Reservoir, earthquakes were mainly concentrated in the northern end of the Xiannvshan and Jiuwanxi faults near the Xiangxihe River, and along the banks of the Yangtze River at the west of Xietan township and the Shenlongxi area on the northern bank in the Badong region, with focal depths less than 10km, and 4km in average. Earthquake frequency in the reservoir region had a positive correlation with reservoir water level fluctuations, indicating that the seismicity belongs to reservoir induced earthquakes. Along the Shenlong River in the reservoir area, earthquakes showed three linear distributions in the northern Badong county, and distributed according to Karst distribution. There are underground rivers in the carbonate strata. When the reservoir was impounded, water permeated into the underground rivers, thus inducing earthquakes. Earthquakes in the areas on the crossriver segment of Xiannvshan fault, the Jiuwanxi fault and at the areas west of Xietan, Shazhen and Xizhen, may be related to the softening of discontinuities, such as the Nukou fault, the Xiannvshan fault, or the bedding joints, which would lead to failure of rock masses, thus, inducing earthquakes. However, convincing conclusions about the triggering mechanism still need further study. Additionally, near the areas south of Wenhua and Yanglin of Zigui county and at Rangkou town east of Badong county, mininginduced earthquakes occurred at the mines nearby, and on the shores of the reservoir are some collapse earthquakes.

Distribution and enrichment patterns of selenium in the Ediacaran and early Cambrian strata in the Yangtze Gorges area, South China

The distribution and enrichment patterns of selenium(Se) in the E-?1 strata in the Yangtze Gorges area of South China were obtained. The geochemical characteristics of the significantly and non-significantly enriched strata of Se were analyzed.The observed enrichment factor(EF, relative to the upper continental crust) and concentration coefficient(CC, relative to the similar lithology in Eastern China) both suggest that Se is the most enriched/concentrated(SeEF=26.97, SeCC=48.04) among the analyzed23 trace elements the E-?1 strata. The normalized enrichment factor(EF′, EF after Al or Th normalized) shows Se is secondly enriched(SeEF′=218.73), which is slightly lower than cadmium(CdEF′=288.46) but significantly higher than the third enriched trace element arsenic(AsEF′=97.49). Se concentrations in the E-?1 strata vary from <10.5 to 30.08 ppm with an arithmetic mean value of 1.35 ppm. Compared to the Nantuo Formation, Se increased 11.78 times in the whole E-?1 strata and the average EF values are displayed as Shuijingtuo(92.58)>Yanjiahe(54.45)>Doushantuo(24.72)>Dengying(2.48)>Shipai(1.95)>lower Tianheban(1.24)Formations. Se concentrations in the E-?1 strata are best displayed on natural logarithm normal quantile-quantile(Q-Q) plots and shown as a positive-skewed distribution pattern. The Se significantly enriched(EF>10) strata sequences mainly include the lower and upper Doushantuo member II(DST-II), top DST-III, DST-IV, the basal and upper Yanjiahe Formation, and lower and upper Shuijingtuo Formation. Geochemical characteristics indicate that Se concentrations in the significantly enriched strata were generally influenced by terrigenous detrital as well as the combined action of single or multiple factors, such as hydrotherm,volcanic debris and deep source. Moreover, pyrite and organic matter promoted the enrichment of Se in the upper DST-II, DST-IV,upper Shuijingtuo Formation and lower DST-II, upper Shuijingtuo Formation, respectively. The Se concentrations in the not significantly enriched strata(except for DST-I, middle Shuijingtuo Formation, Shipai Formation and lower Tianheban Formation)were also influenced by terrigenous detrital, but other enrichment activities(e.g., hydrothermal, volcanic debris, and deep source)were generally insignificant.