上海三家长照机构600例老年人膳食摄入和营养状况研究

目的了解上海地区长期照护结构(长照机构)老年人的营养状况及膳食摄入情况,为改善老年人的营养状况提供科学的依据。方法在上海市3家老年长照机构中采用整群抽样的方法对600例65岁及以上老人,采用微型营养评定法简版(MNA-SF)进行营养状况评估和日常生活活动能力(ADL)量表进行生活自理能力评估;采用3 d 24 h膳食回顾和称重法相结合的方法调查3 d饮食摄入情况,分析评估膳食结构、能量和营养素的摄入量;空腹静脉采血检测血红蛋白、白蛋白、前白蛋白。结果 (1)受调查的老年人营养不良发生率为10.67%,营养不良风险43.67%;并且发现生活自理能力越差,营养不良的发生率越高。(2)膳食结构:长照机构老年人的膳食结构不尽合理,其中禽畜肉类95 g/d,蛋类的摄入量52 g/d,均达到推荐摄入量;谷类242 g/d接近推荐摄入量;大豆及坚果21 g/d、蔬菜类221 g/d均低于推荐摄入量;鱼虾类21 g/d、水果37 g/d、奶类65 g/d均远低于推荐摄入量。(3)能量和营养素摄入情况:能量(男性1 652.9 kcal/d,女性1 498.8 kcal/d)、蛋白质(男性56.9 g/d,女性52.9 g/d)、钙、铁、硒、锌、维生素A、维生素E、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素C均低于推荐摄入量,其中钙、膳食纤维的摄入严重不足。(4)本次调查贫血发生率为61.3%,低白蛋白血症发生率为26.5%;低前白蛋白发生率为36.3%。结论长照机构老年人膳食结构不尽合理,能量、蛋白质和多种微量营养素摄入不足,营养不良及营养风险发生率高,应引起重视。

中国城市老龄化发展中的长照服务问题研究与对策

随着中国老龄化问题日趋严重,众多的老年人愈需长时间照料,关于长期照护问题成为社会各界特别是养老界的炙热话题。本文主要分析国内养老服务的背景,研究中国台湾地区长照计划在发展过程中的进程以及出现的问题和应对对策,并以此为借鉴,为国内人口老龄化问题提供良好的解决方案,为老年人和部分需要长期照顾老人的晚年生活提供更好的服务。

Quality indicators for the care of older adults with disabilities in longterm care facilities based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Purpose:This study aimed to develop quality indicators for the care of older adults with disabilities in long-term care facilities(LTCFs)based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.Methods:The draft of the quality indicators was drawn up based on a literature review and research group discussion.The quality indicators were finalized by two rounds of expert consultation(involving 15 experts)using the Delphi method.The Analytic Hierarchy Process was applied to calculate the indicators’weight.Results:The response rates of the two rounds of consultation were 100%and 93%,and the expert authority coefficients were 0.86 and 0.87.After two rounds of consultation,the expert opinion coordination coefficients of the first-,second-and third-level indicators were 0.42,0.25,and 0.96,respectively(P<0.05),and the variation coefficient was0.25.The final quality indicators for the care of older adults with disabilities in LTCFs included 7 first-level,19 second-level,and 107 third-level indicators.Conclusion:The quality indicators for the care of older adults with disabilities in LTCFs are reliable,scientific,comprehensive,and practical and specify the content of person-centered care needs.This can provide a reference for evaluating and improving care quality in LTCFs.