[Objective] The aim was to study the germination behavior of Tamarix elongata Ledeb.under natural conditions.[Method] By using T.elongata as the experimental materials,the seed morphology and germination characteristi...[Objective] The aim was to study the germination behavior of Tamarix elongata Ledeb.under natural conditions.[Method] By using T.elongata as the experimental materials,the seed morphology and germination characteristics were observed and measured.[Result] ① T.elongata seed was 1 011.96 μm in length and 399.94 μm in width,and the thousand-seed weight was 38.66 mg;② the germination rate,germination energy,germination index and germination coefficient of T.elongata seeds were 95.56%,46.67%,20.25 and 56.86 respectively;③ there were no significant differences in morphology and germination characteristics among the three different geographical populations.[Conclusion] The present research will provide reference for the introduction and breeding of T.elongata as well as the protection of sand dune vegetation.展开更多
The features of branching and growth studied included height, diameter at breast height (DBH), total number of branches, annual height growth, annual branch elongation in the year of elongating, annual branch number f...The features of branching and growth studied included height, diameter at breast height (DBH), total number of branches, annual height growth, annual branch elongation in the year of elongating, annual branch number for four consecutive years, diameter of branches of different ages, and diameter of stem where branch-whorl originates. For features of total growth and overall branching, no significant differences were found between families, except for DBH. For annual features, no significant differences were found in annual stem height growth, annual branch elongation in the year of elongation and diameter of branches. In the last four years, differences in number of branches were not significant in the first two years but were significant in the last two year; differences in stem diameter where branch-whorls grow were significant for the four consecutive years. Trend of annual growth and branching features of families can be divided into three types as increasing type, stable type and fluctuating type. Most of families have an increasing type with respect of annual height growth and annual branch elongation, while most families belong to a fluctuating type with annual branch number. The results indicated that in the fifth year after planted in seedling seed orchard, differences between families were mostly insignificant. This result may have two main explanations: one is the growth rhyme in early ages of Masson pine, the other one is the complex paternal components to form the open-pollinated families. Family selection seemed to be not useful based on the result. It is suggested to select some of families in the nursery instead of to use all the families when establishing seedling seed orchards with open-pollinated families from plus-trees.展开更多
Objective] The aim was to investigate the effects of Pb stress on seed germination and seedling growth of Chenopodium glaucum and Chenopodium serot-inum L. [Method] With C. glaucum and C. serotinum as the study object...Objective] The aim was to investigate the effects of Pb stress on seed germination and seedling growth of Chenopodium glaucum and Chenopodium serot-inum L. [Method] With C. glaucum and C. serotinum as the study objects, the ef-fects of different concentrations of Pb on their seed germination and seedling growth, as wel as on the leaf SOD, POD and CAT activity were studied primarily. [Result] The germination potential of both the two kinds of weed seeds increased first and then decreased with the increase of Pb concentration. The germination po-tential of C. serotinum and C. glaucum seeds reached the peak at Pb concentration of 25 and 50 mg/L, respectively. With the increase of Pb treatment concentration, the germination rate, germination index and vigor index of C. serotinum and C. glaucum seeds decreased, and their bud length and root length also reduced gradu-al y. ln overal , the leaf SOD, POD and CAT activity of C. glaucum and C. serot-inum_ seedlings increased first and then decreased with the increased treatment concentration of Pb. The leaf SOD and POD activity of C. glaucum and C. serot-inum seedlings reached the maximum at Pb concentration of 200 and 100 mg/L, respectively, and the leaf CAT activity reached the maximum at Pb concentration of 100 mg/L. [Conclusion] The two Chenopodium species had strong tolerance to Pb stress, and they could be used as alternative accumulator plants of soil Pb contami-nation.展开更多
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different packaging methods on seed germination and vigor under a long-term bank storage condition, selecting suitable packaging materials and methods, and compre...This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different packaging methods on seed germination and vigor under a long-term bank storage condition, selecting suitable packaging materials and methods, and comprehensively estimate changes in seed vigor of seeds stored with different packaging materials. Hibiscus cannabinus L. seeds were stored in aluminium box, seed box, glass bottle, POlyethylene film bag, sack and kraft paper bag as packaging materials in a, long-term bank and tested for their seeds germinability, electrical conductivity and field seedling rate after 31 years. The results showed that the kenaf seeds with an initial germination rate of 88% exhibited the germination rates over 79.7% after being stored in the 6 packaging materials for 31 years, the germination rates of seeds packaged with paper bag and sack and of those sealed in film bag and aluminium box showed significantly decreased germination rates, while the seeds sealed in seed boxes and glass bottles exhibited non-significant decreases in seed germination rate, and their germination rates were still above 85%. Seed box and glass bottle were the packaging materials most suitable for long-term safe storage of kenaf seeds with a safe storage period long than 31 years.展开更多
To investigate the effects of the heavy metal cadmium (Cd) on seed ger- mination and seedling growth of Brassica napus L., 25 B. napus lines with different genetic background were treated with four concentrations (...To investigate the effects of the heavy metal cadmium (Cd) on seed ger- mination and seedling growth of Brassica napus L., 25 B. napus lines with different genetic background were treated with four concentrations (0, 1, 5 and 10 mg/L) of Cd, and then, their germination potential, germination rate, seedling length, main root length, seedling fresh weight, and seedling dry weight were measured. The re- sults showed that the response of the B. napus lines to Cd stress was different. With the increase of Cd concentration, the relative germination potential and relative seedling rate increased first and then decreased, and reached the maximum levels when the Cd concentration was 5 rag/L. The inhibitory effects of Cd stress on seedling growth indices in a decreasing order were root length〉seedling length〉 seedling fresh weight〉seedling water content. There were extremely significant differ- ences in the relative root length, relative seedling length, relative seedling fresh weight and relative seedling water content among the B. napus lines treated by dif- ferent concentrations of Cd, while there were no significant differences in the rela- tive germination potential and relative seedling rate among the lines, except that the relative seedling rate was significantly different among the lines treated by 5 mg/L Cd. The results suggested that seedling growth was more sensitive than seed ger- mination to heavy metal stress.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to study the growth and environment factors of three native tree species(Thespesia lampas,Calophyllum inophyllum and Hernandia sonora)in Hainan in coastal Casuarina equisetifolia plantation.[...[Objective] The aim was to study the growth and environment factors of three native tree species(Thespesia lampas,Calophyllum inophyllum and Hernandia sonora)in Hainan in coastal Casuarina equisetifolia plantation.[Method] The coastal sandy soil was treated by adding wood chips,bagasse and the control without adding anything in the plant pits.The growth of three native tree species planted for one year was analyzed.[Result] ① One year later,the survival rate showed an order of T.lampasH.sonoraC.inophyllum;the net increase of basal diameter showed an order of H.sonoraT.lampasC.inophyllum;while the net increase of plant height showed an order of T.lampasC.inophyllumH.sonora.The difference of survival rate between T.lampas and C.inophyllum was extremely significant,the difference of survival rate between H.sonora and C.inophyllum was significant,but the survival rate between T.lampas and H.sonora showed no significant difference.The difference on net growth of plant height among T.lampas,C.inophyllum and H.sonora was extremely significant,and the different on the net growth of basal diameter between T.lampas and C.inophyllum was significant.② Among different soil treatments,the survival rate of three native tree species in the treatment by adding wood chips,bagasse were higher than the treatment without adding anything,and the difference of survival rate of T.lampas between the treatment by adding wood chips,bagasse and the treatment without adding anything was extremely significant,but the treatment by adding wood chips and bagasse had not significant difference.③ The growth of three native tree species showed some correlation with environment factors(∣r∣0.3).The survival rate of T.lampas showed higher correlation with soil pH value and soil moisture,and the basal diameter and height of T.lampas showed some correlation with soil pH value and soil temperature.The survival rate of C.inophyllum showed higher correlation with soil pH value,soil temperature and light intensity,while the basal diameter and height of C.inophyllum showed some correlation with soil temperature.The survival rate of H.sonora showed higher correlation with soil salinity and soil temperature,while the basal diameter and height of H.sonora showed some correlation with soil temperature.The basal diameter and height of three native tree species had higher correlation(r0.5),which had reached a significant level.[Conclusion] In the one-year growth period in C.equisetifolia forest,the native tree species of T.lampas grew best and it was the most potential forest species mixed with C.equisetifolia.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to construct the full-length cDNA library for ger- minating seeds of Phyllostachys heterocycla [Method] Germinating seeds of P. hetero- cycla were used as experimental materials to constru...[Objective] This study aimed to construct the full-length cDNA library for ger- minating seeds of Phyllostachys heterocycla [Method] Germinating seeds of P. hetero- cycla were used as experimental materials to construct the full-length cDNA library by using Oligo-capping method. [Result] The constructed library has a total capacity of 6.5×10^6 recombinant clones, and a low proportion of clones without inserted frag- ments; the size of inserted fragments ranges between 0.3-5.0 kb, with strict classifi- cation and ideal consistency. Furthermore, the proportion of clones harboring long in- serted fragments (1.0-5.0 kb) is as high as 30%, achieving the standard for high- quality full-length cDNA library. [Conclusion] The full-length cDNA library of germinat- ing seeds of P. heterocycla was successfully constructed, which laid important foun- dation for the functional genomics research of bamboo plants.展开更多
The stimulative effect of trace elements on seed germination and seedling growth of Pinus tabulaeformis was tested. The experiments were carried out on seed soak and topdressing with different trace elements and varie...The stimulative effect of trace elements on seed germination and seedling growth of Pinus tabulaeformis was tested. The experiments were carried out on seed soak and topdressing with different trace elements and varied concentrations at the nursery of Gardens Research Institute, Harbin, in 2000-2001. The experimental results showed that soaking seed with 1% and 0.2% concentrations of Mn element produced best result for seed germination, and the germination rate was increased by 9%~19% for the seeds treated with 1% concentration and 12%~14% for the seeds treated with 0.2% concentration compared with the control group. The seeds treated with boron element had lowest germination rate. For trace element topdressing, Mn and Mo elements presented good result for seedling growth and the treatment with low concentration was even better. The height or chlorophyll content of the seedlings with spray of low-concentration Mn and Mo element was much higher than that of untreated ones. In the contrast to the treating method of seed soak, topdressing (application of spraying on foliage) had evident effect on seedling growth.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer on seed germination and seedling growth of different vegetables. [Method] Serial dilution concentrations of liquid seawe...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer on seed germination and seedling growth of different vegetables. [Method] Serial dilution concentrations of liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer were prepared for seed soaking and pot incubation of cucumber, tomato and chili, to ob- serve the effects of liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer on seed germination and seedling growth of vegetables. [Result] Compared with the control, germination rate of cucumber and tomato seeds applied with 600-fold liquid seaweed bio-organic fer- tilizer varied significantly; germination rate of chili seeds applied with 400-fold liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer varied significantly; germination energy and germination index of chili seeds applied with different dilution concentrations of liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer presented no significant differences. In addition, 200-fold and 400-fold liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer significantly improved the root length, plant height, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight, chlorophyll content and leaf area of cucumber, tomato and chili seedlings; after treated with 600-fold liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer, root length, chlorophyll content and leaf area of cucumber seedlings varied significantly compared with the control, but no significant differences were observed in plant height, plant fresh weight and plant dry weight; after treated with 600-fold liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer, root length, chlorophyll content, plant height, plant fresh weight and plant dry weight of chili and tomato varied sig- nificantly compared with the control, but no significant differences were observed in leaf area. [Conclusion] Soaking vegetable seeds with liquid seaweed bio-organic fer- tilizer can significantly improve seed generation rate and seedling growth.展开更多
[Objective] The present experiment was conducted to study the effects of bamboo vinegar on seed germination and seedling growth of different flue-cured to- bacco varieties, so as to provide some references for its app...[Objective] The present experiment was conducted to study the effects of bamboo vinegar on seed germination and seedling growth of different flue-cured to- bacco varieties, so as to provide some references for its application in tobacco pro- duction. [Method] By using indoor culture dish method and greenhouse seedling- raising plate culture,four different concentrations of bamboo vinegar dilution (50, 100, 200 and 400 times)were designed and clean water was used as the control (CK). The germination indices of Yunyan 97, Guiyan 2, Jiucaiping 2 and Bina 1 were de- termined after seed germinating. The seedling growth indices of Yunyan 97 were investigated after 10 days of spaying bamboo vinegar on seedling leaves at the 3r~ time. [Result] Compared with CK, different bamboo vinegar dilutions could inhibit the seed germination and seedling growth of all flue-cured tobacco varieties. The seed germination rate and index, vigor index, whole length, root length, stem length and fresh weight of seedlings of all varieties presented decreasing trend to varying de- grees, moreover, most of them reached significant level. Compared with CK, spray- ing different concentrations of bamboo vinegar dilution at the seedling stage could improve the quality of seedlings. In all bamboo vinegar treatments, the plant height, the maximum leaf length and root volume under 100 times dilution treatment were the highest with 3.36 and 10.14 cm, and 0.92 ml, respectively. And the stem girth, dry weight and the maximum leaf width of seedlings under 400 times dilution treat- ment also showed the highest with 1.82 cm, 0.262 g and 5.74 cm, respectively. [Conclusion] Supplying different concentrations of bamboo vinegar solution on culture dish could inhibit the seed germination and seedling growth of flue-cured tobacco, while spraying 100-400 times bamboo vinegar solution to leaves could promote the seedling growth and improve the quality of Yunyan 97 to varying degrees.展开更多
With Firmiana simplex (L.) W. F. Wight as an experiment material, the effects of different concentrations of GA3 (Gibberellin A3), SA (Salicylic acid) and NAA (1-Naphthalene acetic acid) and stratification on ...With Firmiana simplex (L.) W. F. Wight as an experiment material, the effects of different concentrations of GA3 (Gibberellin A3), SA (Salicylic acid) and NAA (1-Naphthalene acetic acid) and stratification on the germination rate of seeds were studied firstly, and then the effects of GA3 and NAA on seedling growth were analyzed. The results showed that the germination rate could be improved by 0.075 g/L SA and stratification markedly. It was indicated by the experiment that the growth of the main root and main stem could be promoted by 0.050 g/L and 0.077 g/L NAA, respectively. However, the leaf length and leaf width decreased significantly in the GA3 and NAA treatments.展开更多
The research used bioassay method to explore seed tolerance of Cd in terms of seed germination and seedling growth. Specifically, 12 rice varieties of three types were investigated under Cd stress, covering germinatio...The research used bioassay method to explore seed tolerance of Cd in terms of seed germination and seedling growth. Specifically, 12 rice varieties of three types were investigated under Cd stress, covering germination rate, shooting index, vigor index, seedling and shoot lengths, and fresh weights. The results showed that as Cd concentration grew, seed germination and seedling growth kept increasingly inhibited; germination index, vigor index, root length, shoot length and fresh weights went down; inhibition effects on seed germination and seedling growth were conventional rice〉two-line hybrid rice〉three-line hybrid ,rice. Shanyou 9588, Tianyou 998, Chuanxiang 8, and Y Liangyou 1 performed ~rongly in Cd tolerance; C Liangyou 651, Nei 5 You 263, Xiangwanxian 16, Huanghuazhan, Xiangwanxian 13, and Zhunliangyou 527 performed poorly in Cd tolerance, and Cd tolerance of rest treatments were moderate.展开更多
We carried out experiments with various concentrations of Trichoderma harzianum YC459 in different soil types(forest soil, mixed soil,merchantable soil, and leaf mold soil) to evaluate its effect on seed germination a...We carried out experiments with various concentrations of Trichoderma harzianum YC459 in different soil types(forest soil, mixed soil,merchantable soil, and leaf mold soil) to evaluate its effect on seed germination and seedling establishment of four species(Festuca arundinacea Schreb., Dianthus barbatus var. asiaticus Nakai,Lespedeza cyrtobotrya Miq., and Parthenocissus tricuspidata Planch) for rock slope restoration. We also investigated the use of drilled slanted holes on the rock slopes for seedling establishment. The results showed that T. harzianum concentration had significant effects on seed germination, seedling growth, and seedling survival for all the species with different soil types. Seed germination and survival rates peaked at 5% T. harzianum concentration with leaf mold soil and decreased as T. harzianum concentration increased from 5% to 10%. Seedling survival rates of all four species were generally lowest at 0% T. harzianum concentration in all soil types.The height of F. arundinacea and L. cyrtobotrya peaked at 5% T. harzianum concentration whereas that of D. barbatus and P. tricuspidata peaked at 10%T. harzianum concentration. We concluded that 5% T. harzianum concentration with leaf mold soil is appropriate for seed germination and seedling survival rates of most species, thus enhancing seedling establishment. Practical application of the findings of this study will contribute in the vegetation restoration of steep rocks in mountain environments.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the effect and mechanism of action of erlotinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), in the human pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC-3 both ...AIM:To investigate the effect and mechanism of action of erlotinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), in the human pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC-3 both in vitro and in vivo.METHODS: In vitro, human pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC-3 was exposed to varying concentrations of ertotinib, and its effects on proliferation, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis and the expression of proand antiapoptotic factors such as bcl-2, bcl-xl, bax and bak, and the expression of vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) were measured with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, flow cytometric analysis, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling assay (TUNEL), and reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Potential effect of erlotinib on angiogenesis was examined by tube formation assay. Tumor growth suppression was observed in xenografted nude mice with pancreatic cancer in vivo. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for EGFR and factor VII-related antigen was undertaken to detect the microvessel density and VEGF expression in tumor tissue in xenograft nude mice.RESULTS: Erlotinib, as a single agent, repressed BxPC-3 cell growth in a dose-dependent manner, triggered G1 arrest and induced cell apoptosis, and suppressed capillary formation of endothelium in vitro. Expressions of VEGF were significantly down-regulated at a high concentration of 200 μmol/L, however, the expressions of bcl-2 and bcl-xl were decreased at 50 μmol/L. In vivo, Erlotinib-treated mice demonstrated a reduced tumor volume, weight and microvessel density as compared to the control. IHC staining showed decreased expression of EGFR and RT-PCR had lower VEGF expression in treated mice.CONCLUSION: The in vitro and in vivo findings provide evidence that BxPC-3 cells are inhibited with erlotinib treatment. Inhibition of EGFR may be a promising adjuvant chemotherapy strategy in pancreatic cancer treatment.展开更多
Objective: The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of the anti-tumor composition of the acetoacetate extract of Vitex Negundo Seed (EVn-50) on the growth of human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells xenograft...Objective: The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of the anti-tumor composition of the acetoacetate extract of Vitex Negundo Seed (EVn-50) on the growth of human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells xenografts in nude mica and its possible molecular mechanism. Methods: Models of human cervical cancer HeLa cells xenografts transplanted subcuta- neously in nude mice were established and randomly divided into 7 groups (each group including 5 nude mice): saline group, Taxol group, EVn-50 group, comp-6 group, comp-7 group, comp-8 group and comp-10 group. The volume and weight of Xe- nograts were observed and compared. The alteration of the weight of nude mice, and the change of serum levels ofLDH, ALT, Cr and WBC counts were examined and compared. The apoptotic rate of human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells xenografts was analyzed by FCM. The expressions of P53 and Bcl-2 proteins of HeLa cells xenografts were determined by Western blot- ting. Results: EVn-50 and its fractionated extracts could significantly suppress the increasing volume and weight of human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells xenografts in nude mice models in time-dependent manner, yet had no significant effect on the weight of nude mice, the serum levels of LDH, ALT, Cr and WBC were counted. When the xenografts were treated with EVn-50 and its fractionated extracts for 16 days, the apoptotic rate of xenografts cells were significantly increased, and the expression of P53 protein was up-regulated and protein level of Bcl-2 was decreased. Conclusion: EVn-50 and its fractionated extracts could suppress the growth of human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells xenografts in nude mice, which may be related to its pro- motion on xenografts cells apoptosis through down-regulation of Bcl-2 expressionPand activation of P53 expression.展开更多
The allelopathic potentials of the aqueous extracts of rice husk and sorghum stem were examined on the germination and growth ofBidens pilosa. L. The extracts inhibited the germination ofB. pilosa seeds and the growth...The allelopathic potentials of the aqueous extracts of rice husk and sorghum stem were examined on the germination and growth ofBidens pilosa. L. The extracts inhibited the germination ofB. pilosa seeds and the growth lengths of its radicle and plumule. In both extracts, the severity of the inhibition increased with the increase in the concentrations of the extracts, indicating that the effects of the extracts were concentration dependent. The results obtained also showed that the degree of retardation appeared to be more pronounced in the rice husks extract-treated seeds than those of sorghum extract-treated seeds. However there were no significant differences (at 5% level) in the comparison of the degree of inhibitions of radicle and plumule growths at the varying extract concentrations as well as those of the control in both extracts treated seeds.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to research annual shoot increments, blooming and fruit-bearing times, and sprouting ratio of man-made Phoebe boumei.[Methed] Phenological observations of Phoebe boumei blooming were conducted ...[Objective] The aim was to research annual shoot increments, blooming and fruit-bearing times, and sprouting ratio of man-made Phoebe boumei.[Methed] Phenological observations of Phoebe boumei blooming were conducted as per method of phytocoenology. [Result] Phoebe bournei shot three times per year, and autumn shoots proved the largest, followed by summer shoots and spring sprouts. Sprouts shaped from late April to early May, and bloomed from late April to middle May; young fruits grew from middle May to late May and matured from middle De- cember to late December. Thousand-seed weight of fruits reached 487-503 g, and averaged 496 g; thousand-seed weight of seed was 265-275 g and averaged 269 g; sprouting rate of seed in room was in 84.8%-88.5% and averaged 86.5%; sprouting rate of seeds in fields was in 68.4%-72.6%, and averaged 70.4%. [Conclusion] The research provides references for man-made Phoebe bournei forests.展开更多
[Objective] This study was conducted to characterize the seed germination and seedling growth of Idesia polycarpa. [Method] After 3-5 h of soaking in 5% baking soda solution, the waxy outer layer of the seeds was rubb...[Objective] This study was conducted to characterize the seed germination and seedling growth of Idesia polycarpa. [Method] After 3-5 h of soaking in 5% baking soda solution, the waxy outer layer of the seeds was rubbed off. Then, the seeds were mixed with fine sand and evenly sown on seedbeds. Germinated seeds were counted to calculate germination rate. Seedlings at two-or three-leef stage were transplanted, and their phenophases were observed and recorded. Height and ground diameter of the seedlings were monitored in the following three years. [Result] The seed germination rate was increased to 20% by soaking in 5% baking soda solution. The yearly seedling height growth of L polycarpa increased with the increase in seedling age. The monthly seedling height growth from August to October was much higher than in other months in the first year, and the growth in seedling height in the three months accounted for 79% of the total increase in that year. The seedling height grew rapidly from May to July in the following two years. In detail, the increase in seedling height from May to July accounted for 87.94% of the total increase in the second year, and 74.16% of the total increase in the third year. The monthly seedling height growth peaked in May in the two years. The yearly growth in ground diameter of I. polycarpa seedlings also increased with the increase in seedling age. The monthly growth in ground diameter from July to September was much higher than in other months in the first year, and the increase in ground diameter in the three months accounted for 80% of the total increase in that year. In the second and third years, the monthly growth in ground diameter from July to October was much higher than in other months. The increase in ground diameter in the two months accounted for 76.89% of the total increase in the second year, and 61.23% of the total increase in the third year. The monthly growth in ground diameter peaked in August in the two years. [Conclusion] The results will provide a theoretical basis for the development and popularization of L polycarpa in Chongqing and surrounding provinces and cities.展开更多
基金Supported by a Grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30670133)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to study the germination behavior of Tamarix elongata Ledeb.under natural conditions.[Method] By using T.elongata as the experimental materials,the seed morphology and germination characteristics were observed and measured.[Result] ① T.elongata seed was 1 011.96 μm in length and 399.94 μm in width,and the thousand-seed weight was 38.66 mg;② the germination rate,germination energy,germination index and germination coefficient of T.elongata seeds were 95.56%,46.67%,20.25 and 56.86 respectively;③ there were no significant differences in morphology and germination characteristics among the three different geographical populations.[Conclusion] The present research will provide reference for the introduction and breeding of T.elongata as well as the protection of sand dune vegetation.
基金This paper was a part of the National Key Project of Science and Technology on Masson Pine breeding during 1996-2000.
文摘The features of branching and growth studied included height, diameter at breast height (DBH), total number of branches, annual height growth, annual branch elongation in the year of elongating, annual branch number for four consecutive years, diameter of branches of different ages, and diameter of stem where branch-whorl originates. For features of total growth and overall branching, no significant differences were found between families, except for DBH. For annual features, no significant differences were found in annual stem height growth, annual branch elongation in the year of elongation and diameter of branches. In the last four years, differences in number of branches were not significant in the first two years but were significant in the last two year; differences in stem diameter where branch-whorls grow were significant for the four consecutive years. Trend of annual growth and branching features of families can be divided into three types as increasing type, stable type and fluctuating type. Most of families have an increasing type with respect of annual height growth and annual branch elongation, while most families belong to a fluctuating type with annual branch number. The results indicated that in the fifth year after planted in seedling seed orchard, differences between families were mostly insignificant. This result may have two main explanations: one is the growth rhyme in early ages of Masson pine, the other one is the complex paternal components to form the open-pollinated families. Family selection seemed to be not useful based on the result. It is suggested to select some of families in the nursery instead of to use all the families when establishing seedling seed orchards with open-pollinated families from plus-trees.
基金Supported by Scientific Research and Development Plan of Department of Education of Shandong Province(J08LD51)~~
文摘Objective] The aim was to investigate the effects of Pb stress on seed germination and seedling growth of Chenopodium glaucum and Chenopodium serot-inum L. [Method] With C. glaucum and C. serotinum as the study objects, the ef-fects of different concentrations of Pb on their seed germination and seedling growth, as wel as on the leaf SOD, POD and CAT activity were studied primarily. [Result] The germination potential of both the two kinds of weed seeds increased first and then decreased with the increase of Pb concentration. The germination po-tential of C. serotinum and C. glaucum seeds reached the peak at Pb concentration of 25 and 50 mg/L, respectively. With the increase of Pb treatment concentration, the germination rate, germination index and vigor index of C. serotinum and C. glaucum seeds decreased, and their bud length and root length also reduced gradu-al y. ln overal , the leaf SOD, POD and CAT activity of C. glaucum and C. serot-inum_ seedlings increased first and then decreased with the increased treatment concentration of Pb. The leaf SOD and POD activity of C. glaucum and C. serot-inum seedlings reached the maximum at Pb concentration of 200 and 100 mg/L, respectively, and the leaf CAT activity reached the maximum at Pb concentration of 100 mg/L. [Conclusion] The two Chenopodium species had strong tolerance to Pb stress, and they could be used as alternative accumulator plants of soil Pb contami-nation.
文摘This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different packaging methods on seed germination and vigor under a long-term bank storage condition, selecting suitable packaging materials and methods, and comprehensively estimate changes in seed vigor of seeds stored with different packaging materials. Hibiscus cannabinus L. seeds were stored in aluminium box, seed box, glass bottle, POlyethylene film bag, sack and kraft paper bag as packaging materials in a, long-term bank and tested for their seeds germinability, electrical conductivity and field seedling rate after 31 years. The results showed that the kenaf seeds with an initial germination rate of 88% exhibited the germination rates over 79.7% after being stored in the 6 packaging materials for 31 years, the germination rates of seeds packaged with paper bag and sack and of those sealed in film bag and aluminium box showed significantly decreased germination rates, while the seeds sealed in seed boxes and glass bottles exhibited non-significant decreases in seed germination rate, and their germination rates were still above 85%. Seed box and glass bottle were the packaging materials most suitable for long-term safe storage of kenaf seeds with a safe storage period long than 31 years.
基金Supported by Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System of China(CARS-13)Rape Heterosis Utilization and Highly Heterotic Hybrid Development Project(2016YFD0101300)+3 种基金the Fun from the Oil Crop Testing Station in the Upper Reach of Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture of China(09203020)Key Project of Crop Breeding of Sichuan Province(2016NYZ0031)Innovation Ability Improvement Program of Sichuan Provincial Department of Finance(2016zypz-013)Science and Technology Plan of Sichuan Province(2014NZ0042)~~
文摘To investigate the effects of the heavy metal cadmium (Cd) on seed ger- mination and seedling growth of Brassica napus L., 25 B. napus lines with different genetic background were treated with four concentrations (0, 1, 5 and 10 mg/L) of Cd, and then, their germination potential, germination rate, seedling length, main root length, seedling fresh weight, and seedling dry weight were measured. The re- sults showed that the response of the B. napus lines to Cd stress was different. With the increase of Cd concentration, the relative germination potential and relative seedling rate increased first and then decreased, and reached the maximum levels when the Cd concentration was 5 rag/L. The inhibitory effects of Cd stress on seedling growth indices in a decreasing order were root length〉seedling length〉 seedling fresh weight〉seedling water content. There were extremely significant differ- ences in the relative root length, relative seedling length, relative seedling fresh weight and relative seedling water content among the B. napus lines treated by dif- ferent concentrations of Cd, while there were no significant differences in the rela- tive germination potential and relative seedling rate among the lines, except that the relative seedling rate was significantly different among the lines treated by 5 mg/L Cd. The results suggested that seedling growth was more sensitive than seed ger- mination to heavy metal stress.
基金Supported by National Support Project Sub-project"Integration ofUrban Ecological Restoration Technology and Application Demonstration"(2007BAC28B04)Pre-planned Special Fund of 973(2008CB117008)Start Fund for"515"Talent Research Projects of Hainan Province~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to study the growth and environment factors of three native tree species(Thespesia lampas,Calophyllum inophyllum and Hernandia sonora)in Hainan in coastal Casuarina equisetifolia plantation.[Method] The coastal sandy soil was treated by adding wood chips,bagasse and the control without adding anything in the plant pits.The growth of three native tree species planted for one year was analyzed.[Result] ① One year later,the survival rate showed an order of T.lampasH.sonoraC.inophyllum;the net increase of basal diameter showed an order of H.sonoraT.lampasC.inophyllum;while the net increase of plant height showed an order of T.lampasC.inophyllumH.sonora.The difference of survival rate between T.lampas and C.inophyllum was extremely significant,the difference of survival rate between H.sonora and C.inophyllum was significant,but the survival rate between T.lampas and H.sonora showed no significant difference.The difference on net growth of plant height among T.lampas,C.inophyllum and H.sonora was extremely significant,and the different on the net growth of basal diameter between T.lampas and C.inophyllum was significant.② Among different soil treatments,the survival rate of three native tree species in the treatment by adding wood chips,bagasse were higher than the treatment without adding anything,and the difference of survival rate of T.lampas between the treatment by adding wood chips,bagasse and the treatment without adding anything was extremely significant,but the treatment by adding wood chips and bagasse had not significant difference.③ The growth of three native tree species showed some correlation with environment factors(∣r∣0.3).The survival rate of T.lampas showed higher correlation with soil pH value and soil moisture,and the basal diameter and height of T.lampas showed some correlation with soil pH value and soil temperature.The survival rate of C.inophyllum showed higher correlation with soil pH value,soil temperature and light intensity,while the basal diameter and height of C.inophyllum showed some correlation with soil temperature.The survival rate of H.sonora showed higher correlation with soil salinity and soil temperature,while the basal diameter and height of H.sonora showed some correlation with soil temperature.The basal diameter and height of three native tree species had higher correlation(r0.5),which had reached a significant level.[Conclusion] In the one-year growth period in C.equisetifolia forest,the native tree species of T.lampas grew best and it was the most potential forest species mixed with C.equisetifolia.
基金Supported by Specialized Fund for the Basic Research Operating Expenses Program of International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan(163201300812618-7)Special Fund for Research and Development of Forestry Nonprofit Industry(200704001)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to construct the full-length cDNA library for ger- minating seeds of Phyllostachys heterocycla [Method] Germinating seeds of P. hetero- cycla were used as experimental materials to construct the full-length cDNA library by using Oligo-capping method. [Result] The constructed library has a total capacity of 6.5×10^6 recombinant clones, and a low proportion of clones without inserted frag- ments; the size of inserted fragments ranges between 0.3-5.0 kb, with strict classifi- cation and ideal consistency. Furthermore, the proportion of clones harboring long in- serted fragments (1.0-5.0 kb) is as high as 30%, achieving the standard for high- quality full-length cDNA library. [Conclusion] The full-length cDNA library of germinat- ing seeds of P. heterocycla was successfully constructed, which laid important foun- dation for the functional genomics research of bamboo plants.
文摘The stimulative effect of trace elements on seed germination and seedling growth of Pinus tabulaeformis was tested. The experiments were carried out on seed soak and topdressing with different trace elements and varied concentrations at the nursery of Gardens Research Institute, Harbin, in 2000-2001. The experimental results showed that soaking seed with 1% and 0.2% concentrations of Mn element produced best result for seed germination, and the germination rate was increased by 9%~19% for the seeds treated with 1% concentration and 12%~14% for the seeds treated with 0.2% concentration compared with the control group. The seeds treated with boron element had lowest germination rate. For trace element topdressing, Mn and Mo elements presented good result for seedling growth and the treatment with low concentration was even better. The height or chlorophyll content of the seedlings with spray of low-concentration Mn and Mo element was much higher than that of untreated ones. In the contrast to the treating method of seed soak, topdressing (application of spraying on foliage) had evident effect on seedling growth.
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer on seed germination and seedling growth of different vegetables. [Method] Serial dilution concentrations of liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer were prepared for seed soaking and pot incubation of cucumber, tomato and chili, to ob- serve the effects of liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer on seed germination and seedling growth of vegetables. [Result] Compared with the control, germination rate of cucumber and tomato seeds applied with 600-fold liquid seaweed bio-organic fer- tilizer varied significantly; germination rate of chili seeds applied with 400-fold liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer varied significantly; germination energy and germination index of chili seeds applied with different dilution concentrations of liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer presented no significant differences. In addition, 200-fold and 400-fold liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer significantly improved the root length, plant height, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight, chlorophyll content and leaf area of cucumber, tomato and chili seedlings; after treated with 600-fold liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer, root length, chlorophyll content and leaf area of cucumber seedlings varied significantly compared with the control, but no significant differences were observed in plant height, plant fresh weight and plant dry weight; after treated with 600-fold liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer, root length, chlorophyll content, plant height, plant fresh weight and plant dry weight of chili and tomato varied sig- nificantly compared with the control, but no significant differences were observed in leaf area. [Conclusion] Soaking vegetable seeds with liquid seaweed bio-organic fer- tilizer can significantly improve seed generation rate and seedling growth.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Project of Guizhou Tobacco Monopoly Bureau-"The Integration and Application of Transplanting Technology for Resisting Spring Drought in Weining Tobacco-growing Area"(201226)~~
文摘[Objective] The present experiment was conducted to study the effects of bamboo vinegar on seed germination and seedling growth of different flue-cured to- bacco varieties, so as to provide some references for its application in tobacco pro- duction. [Method] By using indoor culture dish method and greenhouse seedling- raising plate culture,four different concentrations of bamboo vinegar dilution (50, 100, 200 and 400 times)were designed and clean water was used as the control (CK). The germination indices of Yunyan 97, Guiyan 2, Jiucaiping 2 and Bina 1 were de- termined after seed germinating. The seedling growth indices of Yunyan 97 were investigated after 10 days of spaying bamboo vinegar on seedling leaves at the 3r~ time. [Result] Compared with CK, different bamboo vinegar dilutions could inhibit the seed germination and seedling growth of all flue-cured tobacco varieties. The seed germination rate and index, vigor index, whole length, root length, stem length and fresh weight of seedlings of all varieties presented decreasing trend to varying de- grees, moreover, most of them reached significant level. Compared with CK, spray- ing different concentrations of bamboo vinegar dilution at the seedling stage could improve the quality of seedlings. In all bamboo vinegar treatments, the plant height, the maximum leaf length and root volume under 100 times dilution treatment were the highest with 3.36 and 10.14 cm, and 0.92 ml, respectively. And the stem girth, dry weight and the maximum leaf width of seedlings under 400 times dilution treat- ment also showed the highest with 1.82 cm, 0.262 g and 5.74 cm, respectively. [Conclusion] Supplying different concentrations of bamboo vinegar solution on culture dish could inhibit the seed germination and seedling growth of flue-cured tobacco, while spraying 100-400 times bamboo vinegar solution to leaves could promote the seedling growth and improve the quality of Yunyan 97 to varying degrees.
基金Supported by the Regional Fund of Natural Science Foundation of China(31360065)Fund for the Construction of Provincial Superiority Characteristic Key Discipline Ecology~~
文摘With Firmiana simplex (L.) W. F. Wight as an experiment material, the effects of different concentrations of GA3 (Gibberellin A3), SA (Salicylic acid) and NAA (1-Naphthalene acetic acid) and stratification on the germination rate of seeds were studied firstly, and then the effects of GA3 and NAA on seedling growth were analyzed. The results showed that the germination rate could be improved by 0.075 g/L SA and stratification markedly. It was indicated by the experiment that the growth of the main root and main stem could be promoted by 0.050 g/L and 0.077 g/L NAA, respectively. However, the leaf length and leaf width decreased significantly in the GA3 and NAA treatments.
基金Supported by Loudi City Science and Technology Project(2014-1)State Key Laboratory of Hybrid RiceKey Laboratory of Pesticide Harmless Application of Hunan Province~~
文摘The research used bioassay method to explore seed tolerance of Cd in terms of seed germination and seedling growth. Specifically, 12 rice varieties of three types were investigated under Cd stress, covering germination rate, shooting index, vigor index, seedling and shoot lengths, and fresh weights. The results showed that as Cd concentration grew, seed germination and seedling growth kept increasingly inhibited; germination index, vigor index, root length, shoot length and fresh weights went down; inhibition effects on seed germination and seedling growth were conventional rice〉two-line hybrid rice〉three-line hybrid ,rice. Shanyou 9588, Tianyou 998, Chuanxiang 8, and Y Liangyou 1 performed ~rongly in Cd tolerance; C Liangyou 651, Nei 5 You 263, Xiangwanxian 16, Huanghuazhan, Xiangwanxian 13, and Zhunliangyou 527 performed poorly in Cd tolerance, and Cd tolerance of rest treatments were moderate.
基金the support of "Forest Science & Technology Projects (Project No. S211216L020110)" provided by Korea Forest Service
文摘We carried out experiments with various concentrations of Trichoderma harzianum YC459 in different soil types(forest soil, mixed soil,merchantable soil, and leaf mold soil) to evaluate its effect on seed germination and seedling establishment of four species(Festuca arundinacea Schreb., Dianthus barbatus var. asiaticus Nakai,Lespedeza cyrtobotrya Miq., and Parthenocissus tricuspidata Planch) for rock slope restoration. We also investigated the use of drilled slanted holes on the rock slopes for seedling establishment. The results showed that T. harzianum concentration had significant effects on seed germination, seedling growth, and seedling survival for all the species with different soil types. Seed germination and survival rates peaked at 5% T. harzianum concentration with leaf mold soil and decreased as T. harzianum concentration increased from 5% to 10%. Seedling survival rates of all four species were generally lowest at 0% T. harzianum concentration in all soil types.The height of F. arundinacea and L. cyrtobotrya peaked at 5% T. harzianum concentration whereas that of D. barbatus and P. tricuspidata peaked at 10%T. harzianum concentration. We concluded that 5% T. harzianum concentration with leaf mold soil is appropriate for seed germination and seedling survival rates of most species, thus enhancing seedling establishment. Practical application of the findings of this study will contribute in the vegetation restoration of steep rocks in mountain environments.
文摘AIM:To investigate the effect and mechanism of action of erlotinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), in the human pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC-3 both in vitro and in vivo.METHODS: In vitro, human pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC-3 was exposed to varying concentrations of ertotinib, and its effects on proliferation, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis and the expression of proand antiapoptotic factors such as bcl-2, bcl-xl, bax and bak, and the expression of vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) were measured with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, flow cytometric analysis, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling assay (TUNEL), and reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Potential effect of erlotinib on angiogenesis was examined by tube formation assay. Tumor growth suppression was observed in xenografted nude mice with pancreatic cancer in vivo. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for EGFR and factor VII-related antigen was undertaken to detect the microvessel density and VEGF expression in tumor tissue in xenograft nude mice.RESULTS: Erlotinib, as a single agent, repressed BxPC-3 cell growth in a dose-dependent manner, triggered G1 arrest and induced cell apoptosis, and suppressed capillary formation of endothelium in vitro. Expressions of VEGF were significantly down-regulated at a high concentration of 200 μmol/L, however, the expressions of bcl-2 and bcl-xl were decreased at 50 μmol/L. In vivo, Erlotinib-treated mice demonstrated a reduced tumor volume, weight and microvessel density as compared to the control. IHC staining showed decreased expression of EGFR and RT-PCR had lower VEGF expression in treated mice.CONCLUSION: The in vitro and in vivo findings provide evidence that BxPC-3 cells are inhibited with erlotinib treatment. Inhibition of EGFR may be a promising adjuvant chemotherapy strategy in pancreatic cancer treatment.
基金Supported by a grant from the Hengyang Municipal Science and Technology Programme(No.2011KJ36)
文摘Objective: The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of the anti-tumor composition of the acetoacetate extract of Vitex Negundo Seed (EVn-50) on the growth of human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells xenografts in nude mica and its possible molecular mechanism. Methods: Models of human cervical cancer HeLa cells xenografts transplanted subcuta- neously in nude mice were established and randomly divided into 7 groups (each group including 5 nude mice): saline group, Taxol group, EVn-50 group, comp-6 group, comp-7 group, comp-8 group and comp-10 group. The volume and weight of Xe- nograts were observed and compared. The alteration of the weight of nude mice, and the change of serum levels ofLDH, ALT, Cr and WBC counts were examined and compared. The apoptotic rate of human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells xenografts was analyzed by FCM. The expressions of P53 and Bcl-2 proteins of HeLa cells xenografts were determined by Western blot- ting. Results: EVn-50 and its fractionated extracts could significantly suppress the increasing volume and weight of human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells xenografts in nude mice models in time-dependent manner, yet had no significant effect on the weight of nude mice, the serum levels of LDH, ALT, Cr and WBC were counted. When the xenografts were treated with EVn-50 and its fractionated extracts for 16 days, the apoptotic rate of xenografts cells were significantly increased, and the expression of P53 protein was up-regulated and protein level of Bcl-2 was decreased. Conclusion: EVn-50 and its fractionated extracts could suppress the growth of human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells xenografts in nude mice, which may be related to its pro- motion on xenografts cells apoptosis through down-regulation of Bcl-2 expressionPand activation of P53 expression.
文摘The allelopathic potentials of the aqueous extracts of rice husk and sorghum stem were examined on the germination and growth ofBidens pilosa. L. The extracts inhibited the germination ofB. pilosa seeds and the growth lengths of its radicle and plumule. In both extracts, the severity of the inhibition increased with the increase in the concentrations of the extracts, indicating that the effects of the extracts were concentration dependent. The results obtained also showed that the degree of retardation appeared to be more pronounced in the rice husks extract-treated seeds than those of sorghum extract-treated seeds. However there were no significant differences (at 5% level) in the comparison of the degree of inhibitions of radicle and plumule growths at the varying extract concentrations as well as those of the control in both extracts treated seeds.
文摘[Objective] The aim was to research annual shoot increments, blooming and fruit-bearing times, and sprouting ratio of man-made Phoebe boumei.[Methed] Phenological observations of Phoebe boumei blooming were conducted as per method of phytocoenology. [Result] Phoebe bournei shot three times per year, and autumn shoots proved the largest, followed by summer shoots and spring sprouts. Sprouts shaped from late April to early May, and bloomed from late April to middle May; young fruits grew from middle May to late May and matured from middle De- cember to late December. Thousand-seed weight of fruits reached 487-503 g, and averaged 496 g; thousand-seed weight of seed was 265-275 g and averaged 269 g; sprouting rate of seed in room was in 84.8%-88.5% and averaged 86.5%; sprouting rate of seeds in fields was in 68.4%-72.6%, and averaged 70.4%. [Conclusion] The research provides references for man-made Phoebe bournei forests.
基金Supported by Key Technology Research and Development Program of Chongqing(KL1401)~~
文摘[Objective] This study was conducted to characterize the seed germination and seedling growth of Idesia polycarpa. [Method] After 3-5 h of soaking in 5% baking soda solution, the waxy outer layer of the seeds was rubbed off. Then, the seeds were mixed with fine sand and evenly sown on seedbeds. Germinated seeds were counted to calculate germination rate. Seedlings at two-or three-leef stage were transplanted, and their phenophases were observed and recorded. Height and ground diameter of the seedlings were monitored in the following three years. [Result] The seed germination rate was increased to 20% by soaking in 5% baking soda solution. The yearly seedling height growth of L polycarpa increased with the increase in seedling age. The monthly seedling height growth from August to October was much higher than in other months in the first year, and the growth in seedling height in the three months accounted for 79% of the total increase in that year. The seedling height grew rapidly from May to July in the following two years. In detail, the increase in seedling height from May to July accounted for 87.94% of the total increase in the second year, and 74.16% of the total increase in the third year. The monthly seedling height growth peaked in May in the two years. The yearly growth in ground diameter of I. polycarpa seedlings also increased with the increase in seedling age. The monthly growth in ground diameter from July to September was much higher than in other months in the first year, and the increase in ground diameter in the three months accounted for 80% of the total increase in that year. In the second and third years, the monthly growth in ground diameter from July to October was much higher than in other months. The increase in ground diameter in the two months accounted for 76.89% of the total increase in the second year, and 61.23% of the total increase in the third year. The monthly growth in ground diameter peaked in August in the two years. [Conclusion] The results will provide a theoretical basis for the development and popularization of L polycarpa in Chongqing and surrounding provinces and cities.