The tidal current duration （TCD） and velocity （TCV） and suspended sediment concentration （SSC） were measured in the dry season in December, 2011 and in the flood season in June, 2012 at the upper part of the Nor...The tidal current duration （TCD） and velocity （TCV） and suspended sediment concentration （SSC） were measured in the dry season in December, 2011 and in the flood season in June, 2012 at the upper part of the North Channel of Changjiang Estuary. They were assimilated with the measured data in 2003, 2004, 2006 and 2007, using the tidal range＇s proportion conversion. Variations in TCD and TCV, preferential flow and SSC have been calculated. Influences of typical engineering projects such as Qingcaosha fresh water reservoir, Yangtze River Bridge, and land reclamation on the ebb and flood TCD, TCV and SSC in the North Channel for the last 10 years are discussed. The results show that： （1） currently, in the upper part of North Channel, the ebb tide dominates; after the construction of the typical projects, ebb TCD and TCV tends to be larger and the vertical average ebb and flood SSC decrease during the flood season while SSC increases during the dry season; （2） changes in the vertical average TCV are mainly contributed by seasonal runoff variation during the flood season, which is larger in the flood season than that in the dry season; the controlling parameters of increasing ebb TCD and TCV are those large-scale engineering projects in the North Channel; variation in SSC may result mainly from the reduction of basin annual sediment loads, large-scale nearshore projects and so on.展开更多
Runner bean is usually grown in Chile as household plantings, in small surfaces with trellis support. Several studies were made to grow runner beans extensively without trellis support, like common beans are grown. Th...Runner bean is usually grown in Chile as household plantings, in small surfaces with trellis support. Several studies were made to grow runner beans extensively without trellis support, like common beans are grown. Three runner bean ecotypes were evaluated, with and without trellis support. Although the highest yield was obtained with trellis support, significant yields were obtained without trellis. Thus, this specie can be established without support like the common bean, allowing a great economic advantage especially at large scale plantings. The ecotype named ＂Quilapallar＂ was selected by its white and large grains and excellent cooking quality. Then, seed rates and dry grain yield were compared with commercial varieties of common bean. There was not statistical difference in yield among row distances, except when this was 25 cm apart. Besides, there was not statistical difference among Quilapallar and Torcaza INIA, although the later is a common bean variety with a high yield potential.展开更多
In this paper,we introduce different forms of mobility into a quantitative phase-field model to produce arbitrary Ehrlich-Schwoebel(ES)effects.Convergence studies were carried out in the one-side step-flow model,which...In this paper,we introduce different forms of mobility into a quantitative phase-field model to produce arbitrary Ehrlich-Schwoebel(ES)effects.Convergence studies were carried out in the one-side step-flow model,which showed that the original mobility not only induces the ES effect,but also leads to larger numerical instability with increase of the step width.Thus,another modified form of the ES barrier is proposed,and is found to be more suitable for large-scale simulations.Model applications were performed on the wedding-cake structure,coarsening and coalescence of islands and spiral growth.The results show that the ES barrier exhibits more significant kinetic effects at the larger deposition rates by limiting motions of atoms on upper steps,leading to aggregation on the top layers,as well as the roughening of growing surfaces.展开更多
文摘The tidal current duration （TCD） and velocity （TCV） and suspended sediment concentration （SSC） were measured in the dry season in December, 2011 and in the flood season in June, 2012 at the upper part of the North Channel of Changjiang Estuary. They were assimilated with the measured data in 2003, 2004, 2006 and 2007, using the tidal range＇s proportion conversion. Variations in TCD and TCV, preferential flow and SSC have been calculated. Influences of typical engineering projects such as Qingcaosha fresh water reservoir, Yangtze River Bridge, and land reclamation on the ebb and flood TCD, TCV and SSC in the North Channel for the last 10 years are discussed. The results show that： （1） currently, in the upper part of North Channel, the ebb tide dominates; after the construction of the typical projects, ebb TCD and TCV tends to be larger and the vertical average ebb and flood SSC decrease during the flood season while SSC increases during the dry season; （2） changes in the vertical average TCV are mainly contributed by seasonal runoff variation during the flood season, which is larger in the flood season than that in the dry season; the controlling parameters of increasing ebb TCD and TCV are those large-scale engineering projects in the North Channel; variation in SSC may result mainly from the reduction of basin annual sediment loads, large-scale nearshore projects and so on.
文摘Runner bean is usually grown in Chile as household plantings, in small surfaces with trellis support. Several studies were made to grow runner beans extensively without trellis support, like common beans are grown. Three runner bean ecotypes were evaluated, with and without trellis support. Although the highest yield was obtained with trellis support, significant yields were obtained without trellis. Thus, this specie can be established without support like the common bean, allowing a great economic advantage especially at large scale plantings. The ecotype named ＂Quilapallar＂ was selected by its white and large grains and excellent cooking quality. Then, seed rates and dry grain yield were compared with commercial varieties of common bean. There was not statistical difference in yield among row distances, except when this was 25 cm apart. Besides, there was not statistical difference among Quilapallar and Torcaza INIA, although the later is a common bean variety with a high yield potential.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61078057,61471301,51172183,51402240 and 51471134)The NPU Foundation for Fundamental Research(Grant No.JC20120246)+2 种基金The National Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province,China(Grant No.2012JQ8013)The Doctorate Foundation of Northwestern Polytechnical University(Grant No.CX201325)The Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(Grant No.20126102110045)
文摘In this paper,we introduce different forms of mobility into a quantitative phase-field model to produce arbitrary Ehrlich-Schwoebel(ES)effects.Convergence studies were carried out in the one-side step-flow model,which showed that the original mobility not only induces the ES effect,but also leads to larger numerical instability with increase of the step width.Thus,another modified form of the ES barrier is proposed,and is found to be more suitable for large-scale simulations.Model applications were performed on the wedding-cake structure,coarsening and coalescence of islands and spiral growth.The results show that the ES barrier exhibits more significant kinetic effects at the larger deposition rates by limiting motions of atoms on upper steps,leading to aggregation on the top layers,as well as the roughening of growing surfaces.
