Coal bursts involve the sudden, violent ejection of coal or rock into the mine workings. They are a particular hazard because they typically occur without warning. During the past 2 years three US coal miners were kil...Coal bursts involve the sudden, violent ejection of coal or rock into the mine workings. They are a particular hazard because they typically occur without warning. During the past 2 years three US coal miners were killed in two coal bursts, following a 6-year period during which there were zero burst fatalities. This paper puts the US experience in the context of worldwide research into coal bursts. It focuses on two major longwall mining coalfields which have struggled with bursts for decades. The Utah experience displays many of the ＂classic＂ burst characteristics, including deep cover, strong roof and floor rock, and a direct association between bursts and mining activity. In Colorado, the longwalls of the North Fork Valley （NFV） also work at great depth, but their roof and floor strengths are moderate, and most bursts have occurred during entry development or in headgates, bleeders, or other outby locations. The NFV bursts also are more likely to be associated with geologic structures and large magnitude seismic events. The paper provides a detailed case history to illustrate the experience in each of these coalfields. The paper closes with a brief discussion of how US longwalls have managed the burst risk.展开更多
The duck circovirus （DuCV） infection in sick ducks from Fujian Province was investigated. The liver samples of 43 sick Muscovy ducks with infectious serositis were collected from 12 duck farms in Fujian Province Bas...The duck circovirus （DuCV） infection in sick ducks from Fujian Province was investigated. The liver samples of 43 sick Muscovy ducks with infectious serositis were collected from 12 duck farms in Fujian Province Based on the published sequences of DuCV, two primers were designed for the detection of DuCV and four pairs of primers were designed to amplify four overlapping fragments that cover the complete genome of DuCV. The specific PCR products were amplified from positive samples. The fragments were then cloned into pMD18-T vector and sequenced, and the full length genomic sequence of the FJ0601 isolate of DuCV was obtained. PCR analysis showed that the proportion of ducks which were positive for circovirus was 79% and 10 out of the 12 farms were positive. Sequence analysis showed that the complete genome of DuCV-FJ0601 was 1988 bp and possessed features common to the family Circoviridae which included a stem-loop structure and the Rep protein motifs. Homology analysis showed that FJ0601 isolate of DuCV had 97.3%-97.5% nucleotide sequence identity to all the four Taiwan isolates （TC1/2002, TC2/2002, TC3/2002, TC4/2002）, 82.9% identity to the America （33753-52） isolate and 82.3% identity to the Germany isolate. Phylogenetic analysis with Clustal W, however, showed that FJ0601 isolate of DuCV was on a common branch with Taiwan isolates, and Germany and America isolates belonged to the other branch.展开更多
AIM To investigate the impact of IL28 B and OAS gene polymorphisms on interferon treatment responses in children with chronic hepatitis B.METHODS We enrolled 52 children(between the ages of 4 and 18) with hepatitis B ...AIM To investigate the impact of IL28 B and OAS gene polymorphisms on interferon treatment responses in children with chronic hepatitis B.METHODS We enrolled 52 children(between the ages of 4 and 18) with hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B(CHB), who were treated with pegylated interferon alfa for 48 wk. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the OAS1(rs1131476), OAS2(rs1293747),OAS3(rs2072136), OASL(rs10849829) and IL28B(rs12979860, rs12980275 and rs8099917) genes were studied to examine their associations with responses to IFN treatment in paediatric patients. We adopted two criteria for the therapeutic response, achieving an hepatitis B virus(HBV) DNA level < 2000 IU/m L and normalization of ALT activity(< 40 IU/L). To perform the analyses, we compared the patients in terms of achieving a partial response(PR) and a complete response(CR) upon measurement at the 24-wk posttreatment follow-up. RESULTS The PR and CR rates were 80.8% and 42.3%, respectively. Factors such as age, gender and liver histology had no impact on the type of response(partial or complete). A statistically significant relationship between higher baseline HBV DNA and ALT activity levels and lower rates of PR and CR was shown(P < 0.05). The allele association analysis revealed that only the IL-28 B rs12979860(C vs T) and IL28 B rs12980275(A vs G) markers significantly affected the achievement of PR(P = 0.021, OR = 3.3, 95%CI: 1.2-9.2 and P = 0.014, OR = 3.7, 95%CI: 1.3-10.1, respectively). However, in the genotype analysis, only IL-28 B rs12980275 was significantly associated with PR(AA vs AG-GG, P = 0.014, OR = 10.9, 95%CI: 1.3-93.9). The association analysis for CR showed that the TT genotype of IL28 B rs12979860 was present only in the no-CR group(P = 0.033) and the AA genotype of OASL rs10849829 was significantly more frequent in the noCR group(P = 0.044, OR = 0.26, 95%CI: 0.07-0.88). The haplotype analysis revealed significant associations between PR and CR and OAS haplotype(P = 0.0002 and P = 0.001, respectively), but no association with IL28 B haplotype was observed.CONCLUSION IL28 B and OAS polymorphisms are associated with different clinical outcomes in CHB children treated with interferon.展开更多
The California least tern （Sternula antillarum browni） is an endangered species. The two largest colonies of this bird species in the San Francisco Bay, California, USA, are located 23 km apart at Alameda Point and ...The California least tern （Sternula antillarum browni） is an endangered species. The two largest colonies of this bird species in the San Francisco Bay, California, USA, are located 23 km apart at Alameda Point and Hayward Regional Shoreline. The Alameda Point colony, on the former Naval Air Station, Alameda, has grown at an average rate of 9.2% per year since its discovery in 1976 and has a nesting density ranging from 1-153 nests per ha. Long-term breeding success at Alameda has averaged 0.86 fledglings per breeding pair. Least tems began appearing in 2003, at an island in Hayward enhanced with substrate mediums and social attraction devices. Successful breeding attempts have been observed at the Hayward colony since 2006. The Hayward colony has grown at an average rate of 51.5% per year, has a nesting density ranging from 33-333 nests per ha and long-term breeding success average of 0.87 fledglings per breeding pair. Dropped fish have been collected from both colonies, and silversides （family Atherinopsidae） are the dominant prey. Alameda terns forage on a greater variety of species than the Hayward terns. The regression results indicate the importance of Northern anchovy （Engraulis mordax） to the breeding success of the Alameda colony.展开更多
The world’s 500 largest companies generated US$31.2trillion in revenues in 2014,up 0.49 percent year-on-year,while their profits declined 14.76 percent year-on-year to US$1.67 trillion A total of 106 Chinese companie...The world’s 500 largest companies generated US$31.2trillion in revenues in 2014,up 0.49 percent year-on-year,while their profits declined 14.76 percent year-on-year to US$1.67 trillion A total of 106 Chinese companies made it into this year’s Fortune Global 500 list,up from 100 in 2014, according to the annual ranking released in late July 2015.展开更多
Salt-affected soils are agricultural and environmental problems on a global scale. Plants suffer from saline stresses in these soils and show nitrogen （N） deficiency symptoms. However, halophytes grow soundly under ...Salt-affected soils are agricultural and environmental problems on a global scale. Plants suffer from saline stresses in these soils and show nitrogen （N） deficiency symptoms. However, halophytes grow soundly under saline conditions. In order to clarify the N nutrition of the halophyte Salicornia bigelovii, it was grown at several N levels （1, 2, 3, and 4 mmol L-1）, supplied in the form of NO3 or ammonium （NH4＋）, under high NaCl conditions （200 mmol L-l）. NH4^＋- fed plants showed better growth than NO3-fed plants at 1-3 mmol L-1N, and plants in both treatments showed the same growth at 4 mmol L-1 N. Nitrogen contents in NO3-fed plants increased with the N concentrations in solution; competitive inhibition of NO3- absorption by Cl- was observed under lower N conditions. In addition, shoot dry weight was significantly correlated only with shoot N content. Therefore, growth of NO3-fed plants was regulated by N absorption. In contrast, N contents of shoots in NH4＋-fed plants did not change with N concentration. Shoot Na content decreased with increasing N concentration, while K content increased. Dry weight was highly correlated only with K content in NH4＋-fed plants. These observations indicated that growth of NH4＋-fed plants was mainly regulated by K absorption.展开更多
The word “chudu” comes from Qu Yuan’s Li Sao “huang lan kui yu chu du xi, zhao ci yu yi jia ming”. The original meaning was the day of birth. After the Song Dynasty, the literati began to use it to refer to birth...The word “chudu” comes from Qu Yuan’s Li Sao “huang lan kui yu chu du xi, zhao ci yu yi jia ming”. The original meaning was the day of birth. After the Song Dynasty, the literati began to use it to refer to birthdays. By the end of the Ming Dynasty, they had been calling their birthdays “chudu” once they celebrated it and they were so keen on birthday celebrations. Gu Yanwu pointed out that the word “chudu” only fits “the old ministers （or the exiled ministers） who lamented the crash of the Yingcapital of the country of “Chu” such as Qu Yuan. At the same time, its use in Huang Zongxi’s and Wang Fuzhi’s birthday poems is also consistent with this context. The unique situation and mood of the adherents led them to be close to Qu Yuan and Wen Tianxiang, which bestowed “chudu” the special meaning. It is very suitable for the ministers who suffered the crash of their Dynasties or those who were exiled distantly to express their feelings about the old dynasties and old friends. After these people, Chen Yinke consciously acknowledged this layer of interpreting “chudu” and used it, which has not only enriched the connotation of “chudu”, but also extended its cultural life. From Qu Yuan to Wen Tianxiang, until Gu Yanwu, Huang Zongxi, Wang Fuzhi, and then to Chen Yinke, we can take a glimpse of the spiritual world of the Chinese adherents of Dynasties.展开更多
Il existe des régions qui ont une forme triangulaire dans la région du cou.Ces triangles sont formés par des vaisseaux,des muscles ou des os.Ils sont importants en anatomie topographique et sont des par...Il existe des régions qui ont une forme triangulaire dans la région du cou.Ces triangles sont formés par des vaisseaux,des muscles ou des os.Ils sont importants en anatomie topographique et sont des parties essentielles dans le corps humain.Donc il est necessaire de bien apprendre les compositions de ces triangles et ses significations cliniques.En principe,les triangles du cou sont faits de 2 régions(divisés par le muscle sterno-cléido-mastodien).Tous ces triangles du cou sont très utiles en clinique.Quelques-uns sont les signes pour trouver les vaisseaux ou les nerfs en opération,soit sont les positions de paracentèse,soit sont pour observer l'évolution de maladie.Si on les matrise bien,on peut diminuer l'hémorragie en opration et découvrir des cancers ou maladies le plus tt possible ce qui est très important pour traitement.展开更多
文摘Coal bursts involve the sudden, violent ejection of coal or rock into the mine workings. They are a particular hazard because they typically occur without warning. During the past 2 years three US coal miners were killed in two coal bursts, following a 6-year period during which there were zero burst fatalities. This paper puts the US experience in the context of worldwide research into coal bursts. It focuses on two major longwall mining coalfields which have struggled with bursts for decades. The Utah experience displays many of the ＂classic＂ burst characteristics, including deep cover, strong roof and floor rock, and a direct association between bursts and mining activity. In Colorado, the longwalls of the North Fork Valley （NFV） also work at great depth, but their roof and floor strengths are moderate, and most bursts have occurred during entry development or in headgates, bleeders, or other outby locations. The NFV bursts also are more likely to be associated with geologic structures and large magnitude seismic events. The paper provides a detailed case history to illustrate the experience in each of these coalfields. The paper closes with a brief discussion of how US longwalls have managed the burst risk.
基金Shandong Provincial Excellent YoungScientist Fund (2004BS06002)Innovation Fund ofShandong Agricultural University
文摘The duck circovirus （DuCV） infection in sick ducks from Fujian Province was investigated. The liver samples of 43 sick Muscovy ducks with infectious serositis were collected from 12 duck farms in Fujian Province Based on the published sequences of DuCV, two primers were designed for the detection of DuCV and four pairs of primers were designed to amplify four overlapping fragments that cover the complete genome of DuCV. The specific PCR products were amplified from positive samples. The fragments were then cloned into pMD18-T vector and sequenced, and the full length genomic sequence of the FJ0601 isolate of DuCV was obtained. PCR analysis showed that the proportion of ducks which were positive for circovirus was 79% and 10 out of the 12 farms were positive. Sequence analysis showed that the complete genome of DuCV-FJ0601 was 1988 bp and possessed features common to the family Circoviridae which included a stem-loop structure and the Rep protein motifs. Homology analysis showed that FJ0601 isolate of DuCV had 97.3%-97.5% nucleotide sequence identity to all the four Taiwan isolates （TC1/2002, TC2/2002, TC3/2002, TC4/2002）, 82.9% identity to the America （33753-52） isolate and 82.3% identity to the Germany isolate. Phylogenetic analysis with Clustal W, however, showed that FJ0601 isolate of DuCV was on a common branch with Taiwan isolates, and Germany and America isolates belonged to the other branch.
文摘AIM To investigate the impact of IL28 B and OAS gene polymorphisms on interferon treatment responses in children with chronic hepatitis B.METHODS We enrolled 52 children(between the ages of 4 and 18) with hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B(CHB), who were treated with pegylated interferon alfa for 48 wk. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the OAS1(rs1131476), OAS2(rs1293747),OAS3(rs2072136), OASL(rs10849829) and IL28B(rs12979860, rs12980275 and rs8099917) genes were studied to examine their associations with responses to IFN treatment in paediatric patients. We adopted two criteria for the therapeutic response, achieving an hepatitis B virus(HBV) DNA level < 2000 IU/m L and normalization of ALT activity(< 40 IU/L). To perform the analyses, we compared the patients in terms of achieving a partial response(PR) and a complete response(CR) upon measurement at the 24-wk posttreatment follow-up. RESULTS The PR and CR rates were 80.8% and 42.3%, respectively. Factors such as age, gender and liver histology had no impact on the type of response(partial or complete). A statistically significant relationship between higher baseline HBV DNA and ALT activity levels and lower rates of PR and CR was shown(P < 0.05). The allele association analysis revealed that only the IL-28 B rs12979860(C vs T) and IL28 B rs12980275(A vs G) markers significantly affected the achievement of PR(P = 0.021, OR = 3.3, 95%CI: 1.2-9.2 and P = 0.014, OR = 3.7, 95%CI: 1.3-10.1, respectively). However, in the genotype analysis, only IL-28 B rs12980275 was significantly associated with PR(AA vs AG-GG, P = 0.014, OR = 10.9, 95%CI: 1.3-93.9). The association analysis for CR showed that the TT genotype of IL28 B rs12979860 was present only in the no-CR group(P = 0.033) and the AA genotype of OASL rs10849829 was significantly more frequent in the noCR group(P = 0.044, OR = 0.26, 95%CI: 0.07-0.88). The haplotype analysis revealed significant associations between PR and CR and OAS haplotype(P = 0.0002 and P = 0.001, respectively), but no association with IL28 B haplotype was observed.CONCLUSION IL28 B and OAS polymorphisms are associated with different clinical outcomes in CHB children treated with interferon.
文摘The California least tern （Sternula antillarum browni） is an endangered species. The two largest colonies of this bird species in the San Francisco Bay, California, USA, are located 23 km apart at Alameda Point and Hayward Regional Shoreline. The Alameda Point colony, on the former Naval Air Station, Alameda, has grown at an average rate of 9.2% per year since its discovery in 1976 and has a nesting density ranging from 1-153 nests per ha. Long-term breeding success at Alameda has averaged 0.86 fledglings per breeding pair. Least tems began appearing in 2003, at an island in Hayward enhanced with substrate mediums and social attraction devices. Successful breeding attempts have been observed at the Hayward colony since 2006. The Hayward colony has grown at an average rate of 51.5% per year, has a nesting density ranging from 33-333 nests per ha and long-term breeding success average of 0.87 fledglings per breeding pair. Dropped fish have been collected from both colonies, and silversides （family Atherinopsidae） are the dominant prey. Alameda terns forage on a greater variety of species than the Hayward terns. The regression results indicate the importance of Northern anchovy （Engraulis mordax） to the breeding success of the Alameda colony.
文摘The world’s 500 largest companies generated US$31.2trillion in revenues in 2014,up 0.49 percent year-on-year,while their profits declined 14.76 percent year-on-year to US$1.67 trillion A total of 106 Chinese companies made it into this year’s Fortune Global 500 list,up from 100 in 2014, according to the annual ranking released in late July 2015.
基金Supported by the "Global Center of Excellence for Dryland Science",a project of the Ministry of Education,Science,Culture,Sports and Technology of Japan
文摘Salt-affected soils are agricultural and environmental problems on a global scale. Plants suffer from saline stresses in these soils and show nitrogen （N） deficiency symptoms. However, halophytes grow soundly under saline conditions. In order to clarify the N nutrition of the halophyte Salicornia bigelovii, it was grown at several N levels （1, 2, 3, and 4 mmol L-1）, supplied in the form of NO3 or ammonium （NH4＋）, under high NaCl conditions （200 mmol L-l）. NH4^＋- fed plants showed better growth than NO3-fed plants at 1-3 mmol L-1N, and plants in both treatments showed the same growth at 4 mmol L-1 N. Nitrogen contents in NO3-fed plants increased with the N concentrations in solution; competitive inhibition of NO3- absorption by Cl- was observed under lower N conditions. In addition, shoot dry weight was significantly correlated only with shoot N content. Therefore, growth of NO3-fed plants was regulated by N absorption. In contrast, N contents of shoots in NH4＋-fed plants did not change with N concentration. Shoot Na content decreased with increasing N concentration, while K content increased. Dry weight was highly correlated only with K content in NH4＋-fed plants. These observations indicated that growth of NH4＋-fed plants was mainly regulated by K absorption.
文摘The word “chudu” comes from Qu Yuan’s Li Sao “huang lan kui yu chu du xi, zhao ci yu yi jia ming”. The original meaning was the day of birth. After the Song Dynasty, the literati began to use it to refer to birthdays. By the end of the Ming Dynasty, they had been calling their birthdays “chudu” once they celebrated it and they were so keen on birthday celebrations. Gu Yanwu pointed out that the word “chudu” only fits “the old ministers （or the exiled ministers） who lamented the crash of the Yingcapital of the country of “Chu” such as Qu Yuan. At the same time, its use in Huang Zongxi’s and Wang Fuzhi’s birthday poems is also consistent with this context. The unique situation and mood of the adherents led them to be close to Qu Yuan and Wen Tianxiang, which bestowed “chudu” the special meaning. It is very suitable for the ministers who suffered the crash of their Dynasties or those who were exiled distantly to express their feelings about the old dynasties and old friends. After these people, Chen Yinke consciously acknowledged this layer of interpreting “chudu” and used it, which has not only enriched the connotation of “chudu”, but also extended its cultural life. From Qu Yuan to Wen Tianxiang, until Gu Yanwu, Huang Zongxi, Wang Fuzhi, and then to Chen Yinke, we can take a glimpse of the spiritual world of the Chinese adherents of Dynasties.
文摘Il existe des régions qui ont une forme triangulaire dans la région du cou.Ces triangles sont formés par des vaisseaux,des muscles ou des os.Ils sont importants en anatomie topographique et sont des parties essentielles dans le corps humain.Donc il est necessaire de bien apprendre les compositions de ces triangles et ses significations cliniques.En principe,les triangles du cou sont faits de 2 régions(divisés par le muscle sterno-cléido-mastodien).Tous ces triangles du cou sont très utiles en clinique.Quelques-uns sont les signes pour trouver les vaisseaux ou les nerfs en opération,soit sont les positions de paracentèse,soit sont pour observer l'évolution de maladie.Si on les matrise bien,on peut diminuer l'hémorragie en opration et découvrir des cancers ou maladies le plus tt possible ce qui est très important pour traitement.
