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北朝隋唐时期房形石椁门宇纹饰基础研究
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作者 田惠 《三门峡职业技术学院学报》 2020年第1期96-102,共7页
在中国传统文化中,门是不可或缺的元素,围绕"事死如事生"观念产生的房形石椁之上的门宇纹饰同样与墓主人身份地位、兴趣爱好以及当时的社会背景紧密关联。椁身、椁门与墓门纹饰具有一致性,三者纹饰或呼应或互补,共同构成墓葬... 在中国传统文化中,门是不可或缺的元素,围绕"事死如事生"观念产生的房形石椁之上的门宇纹饰同样与墓主人身份地位、兴趣爱好以及当时的社会背景紧密关联。椁身、椁门与墓门纹饰具有一致性,三者纹饰或呼应或互补,共同构成墓葬宅第。北朝椁门纹饰自由且无阶级区分,而唐朝却愈趋僵化且有明显阶层性。北朝隋唐的椁门纹饰发展经历了北魏太安元年至北魏分裂、北魏分裂至唐朝建国、唐朝建国至武后退位、唐中宗时期及以后四个阶段。椁门从自由散漫到墓葬信仰的符号,最后随着石椁的没落而消失,其纹饰是当时墓葬观念的集中体现,更是社会文化的反映。 展开更多
关键词 北朝 隋唐 石椁 门宇 纹饰
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A Need to Innovate the Dutch Building Regulation
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作者 Nico P.M. Scholten Rob T.H. de Wildt 《Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture》 2015年第3期308-320,共13页
In 2008, two governmental committees presented their conclusions on strengthening the role of the private building sector in building control. In 2011, three new studies were commissioned by the government to address ... In 2008, two governmental committees presented their conclusions on strengthening the role of the private building sector in building control. In 2011, three new studies were commissioned by the government to address perceived problems. One of them was an integral study, executed by ERB (Foundation Expertcentre Regulations in Building), RIGO (Research Institute for Real Estate) and TNO (Research Institute for Applied Technologies), to innovate the whole building regulations system. It led to proposals to redefine responsibility and liability for all parties. This study states that by an effort of yearly £100 million, unnecessary costs up to £l billion can be avoided and a real quality push will take place in the building and real estate markets. The goals to reach are to minimize the administrative burden for the building owner and to enforce the construction industry to build conforming to the regulations. This paper discusses the ERB study and the given proposals. The ERB study demonstrated that a quality push is needed which potential will lead to less costs for building owners. It also shows that proven solutions, part of the regulations, might be of help for all parties involved. 展开更多
关键词 DEREGULATION education LIABILITY system innovation.
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