新能源汽车技术创新激励的政策选择:“扶持性”抑或“门槛性”政策?

作者将新能源汽车产业政策区分为“扶持性”和“门槛性”两类,以114家新能源汽车上市公司的面板数据为样本,运用双重差分法分析了两类政策对于突破式创新与渐进式创新的激励效果及其差异性。研究发现:①“扶持性”政策存在较强的技术创新激励偏向,对渐进式创新的激励更灵敏;“门槛性”政策对于突破式、渐进式创新激励的灵敏性和显著性差异较小且“门槛性”政策激励效果的显著性高于“扶持性”政策。②市场势力对“扶持性”政策的激励效果具有较强的调节作用,对于突破式创新激励的显著性和灵敏性均表现为提升性影响,对于渐进式创新激励的显著性表现为提升性影响,但对灵敏性表现为一定的降低性影响。市场势力对于“门槛性”政策激励效果的调节作用不明显。③政策惠及度对“扶持性”政策的激励效果具有较强的调节作用,对突破式创新激励的显著性和灵敏性均表现为提升性影响,对渐进式创新激励显著性的影响不明显,灵敏性表现为一定的降低性影响。政策惠及度对“门槛性”政策激励效果的显著性具有较强的调节作用,对于突破式及渐进式创新激励的显著性均表现为提升性影响,但没有明显影响该政策对两类技术创新激励的灵敏性。新能源汽车产业政策应注重“扶持性”与“门槛性”政策的互补协同,并进一步强化“门槛性”政策的作用;应重视政策工具与市场力量的共生互补,依据市场势力确定“扶持性”政策的激励对象,对所有的新能源汽车企业进行无差异的“门槛性”政策激励;还应注重提升“扶持性”“门槛性”政策的公平性与均衡性。

基本公共服务投资与地方经济门槛性研究

本文从基本公共服务投资的内涵着手,考虑到公共服务的差异可能会使劳动和资本等要素在地区间进行流动,探讨不同地区基本公共服务跨部门投资异质性对于地区经济增长的关系,以西部地区为例探讨基本公共服务对地方制造业发展的影响,运用定量和定性两种分析方法来研究我国的基本公共服务水平和我国的经济发展之间的非线性关系,并为中国区域经济未来结构化发展献策。

第二语言学习者产出性词汇机制研究

本文采用实验的方法,从加工机制的角度考察产出性词汇门槛产生的原因。研究发现,产出词汇和理解词汇在机制上有所不同。理解词汇时只需具备母语的语义知识,建立第二语言形式和母语语义的映射关系就可以实现。但产出词汇时必须具备第二语言的语义知识,此时学习者可能仅具备第二语言的词汇知识,也可能已经建立了第二语言形式和第二语言语义之间的映射关系。一般来说,第二语言词汇的产出自动化依赖于被整合到心理词典中的词汇能力而不是词汇知识。然而,我们很难判定学习者是否已经建立第二语言形式和第二语言语义之间的映射关系,这只能在口语表达中加以判断。

农村公益性服务设施空间布局机理与优化研究

公益性服务设施作为重要的民生保障,其科学合理的空间布局对缩小城乡差距、实现城乡公共服务均等化具有重要意义。文章以陕西省宝鸡市眉县为例,运用参与式农村评估、GIS空间分析和空间句法等分析方法,探究农村公益性服务设施的空间分布影响机理,建构空间布局的优化路径。研究结果表明,设施供给的人口门槛和居民出行的可达程度是空间分布的基本法则;行政管理是在经济发展的基础上为了适应社会变迁的基本诉求所采取的主要手段,从而形成“门槛-可达性”的逻辑空间秩序;设施的空间布局是经济发展、社会变迁、行政管理、人口规模和道路交通等多种因素共同作用的结果。在此基础上,文章遵循“集约提升、社会公平、运行高效、城乡统筹、共建共享”等五大原则,按照“明晰设施供需情况、评价村庄发展潜力、研判人口演变趋势、明确设施配置标准”四大步骤,提出了相应的优化策略。量化解析作用机理对于破解“门槛-可达性”的矛盾、优化设施的空间布局具有重要的意义。

浅谈休闲度假旅游发展的制约因素和解决途径

休闲度假旅游成为中国旅游业发展的新趋势,已逐渐变成了旅游消费的主流和国内旅游发展的重要方向,其他产业的经营者纷纷介入,推出了不同的休闲度假产品。休闲度假产业快速发展的同时,也暴露出经营者概念模糊、盲目发展导致的产品缺乏特色、质量低下等问题。解决这些问题不仅需要整个行业重新审视休闲度假旅游的概念、内涵和发展条件,更需要政府和投资开发商的密切配合,准确定位,合理规划。

Is there an acute exercise-induced physiological/biochemical threshold which triggers increased speed of cognitive functioning? A meta-analytic investigation

Purpose： The purpose of this study was to examine, using meta-analytic measures, the evidence regarding the optimal exercise intensity at which improvements in speed of cognitive function are triggered. Specifically, it was hypothesized that the catecholamine, lactate, and ventilatory thresholds is the point at which significant improvements in speed of cognitive function are observed. Methods： We compared mean effect sizes for threshold studies and for those studies where exercise intensity was classed as moderate （40%-- 79% VO2 or equivalent） but in which the thresholds were not measured. Results： Random effects meta-analysis showed significant, moderate, mean effect sizes for studies at the threshold （g = 0.58, Z = 2.98, p 〈 0.003） and for those during moderate intensity exercise but in which the threshold was not measured （ g = 0.54, Z = 5.0l, p 〈 0.001）. There was no significant difference between mean effect sizes, which suggests that the thresholds are unlikely to represent a trigger point. Conclusion： Moderate intensity exercise, even below the thresholds, can induce improved speed of cognition, possibly due to a combination of increased peripheral catecholamine concentrations inducing vagal/nucleus tractus solitarii pathway activation and central increases due to perceptions of stress.

Structure realization method for collapse threshold of plastic deformation in train collision condition

To protect passengers, absorb enough kinetic energy and meet the special requirements for trains which are different from the other means of transportation, a method is presented to realize the plastic deformation threshold based on three main aspects of train connection structure, crashworthy vehicle structure, energy-absorbing component. In practical engineering, trains need enough strength and stiffness to transfer longitudinal force under the normal operation condition, and have to produce controllable large plastic dcfbrmation to absorb energy shortly under the collision condition. To realize the structural damage threshold of connecting structure in terminal end, two control methods are also proposed which can be divided as the parametric method based on ＇extrusion＇ and ＇cutting＇ theories; the method which can cut the connecting components between coupler-buffer devices and train bodies and separate them away when the damage thresholds of coupler-buffer devices are more than the pre-supposed damage thresholds. The damage thresholds can be realized based on changing the parameters of the number of shearing bolts, material parameters, etc. To realize the collision threshold of energy-absorbing components of trains, a control method is presented based on the ways of setting plastic deformation induced structure, local hole and pre-deformation structure. To realize the threshold of the controllable plastic structure of energy-absorbing vehicles, a control method is proposed for the multi-level longitudinal stiffness of train terminal structures.

Pearson＇s Correlation Coefficient： A More Realistic Threshold for Applications on Autonomous Robotics

Many applications for control of autonomous platform are being developed and one important aspect is the excess of information, frequently redundant, that imposes a great computational cost in data processing. Taking into account the temporal coherence between consecutive frames, the PCC （Pearson＇s Correlation Coefficient） was proposed and applied as： discarding criteria methodology, dynamic power management solution, environment observer method which selects automatically only the regions-of-interest; and taking place in the obstacle avoidance context, as a method for collision risk estimation for vehicles in dynamic and unknown environments. Even if the PCC is a great tool to help the autonomous or semi-autonomous navigation, distortions in the imaging system, pixel noise, slight variations in the object＇s position relative to the camera, and other factors produce a false PCC threshold. Whereas there are homogeneous regions in the image, in order to obtain a more realistic Pearson＇s correlation, we propose to use some prior known environment information.

Pentacene thin film transistor with low threshold voltage and high mobility by inserting a thin metal phthalocyanines interlayer

We herein report the effective performance enhancement of the pentacene-based organic thin film transistors with silicon di- oxide dielectric by inserting a thin metal phthalocyanines interlayer between Au source/drain electrodes and the pentacene active layer. The threshold voltage decreased remarkably from ca. -20 V to a few volts （below -7.6 V） while the mobility in- creased 1.5-3 times after the insertion of the interlayer of only ca. 2 nm, which could be attributed to the reduction of the car- tier injection barrier. The results suggest a simple and effective way to achieve low-threshold-voltage pentacene-based organic thin film transistors with high mobility on silicon dioxide dielectric.