改进的岩石节理弹性非线性法向变形本构模型研究

回顾了已有的几类岩石节理法向变形本构模型,指出以往模型在中应力水平条件下模拟结果与试验结果发生偏离的现象。针对这一问题,引入"半值节理最大闭合量应力"σ1/2概念,着重论述了传统的BB模型与经典指数模型本身所固有的数学缺陷。随后,以Malama和Kulatilake(2003)提出的统一指数模型为例,进一步阐明模型改进的必要性,同时分析了该模型因采用对σn/σ1/2项添加幂函数n的修正方式而丢失节理法向初始刚度Kni的物理意义这一不足之处。基于上述研究,根据前人试验数据分析建立单调加载条件下岩石节理法向应力–位移关系曲线的控制微分方程,定义拟节理最大允许闭合量Dmax=ξdmax的概念,提出一种新的三参数本构模型——改进的岩石节理弹性非线性法向变形本构关系,并在数学上严格证明了BB模型与经典指数模型是新模型的两个特例。新模型克服了前述模型数学上的缺陷,弥补了以往模型模拟结果与试验结果发生偏离的不足,且没有因新参数ξ的添加丢失Kni的物理意义。最后采用新模型对他人试验结果进行预测,建议了修正参数ξ的确定方法。模型预测结果与试验结果吻合良好,进而验证了本文模型的可行性。

三维应力作用下天然裂隙渗流规律的实验研究

通过天然裂隙的渗透实验，揭示了三维应力作用下天然裂隙渗流规律，建立了等效法向应力σｎｅ作用下裂隙闭合量Δｂ与渗透系数ｋｆ，σｎｅ与Δｂ的关系式，经过与修正立方定律进行比较，说明所揭示规律的正确性，同时对高应力状态下渗透性态的转化作了初步探讨。

基于Cosserat连续体的CAP弹塑性模型与应变局部化有限元模拟

提出了一个非光滑多重屈服面的CAP弹塑性Cosserat连续体模型。考虑到Cosserat连续体理论的特点,将其应力和应变速率向量的偏量和球量部分分离,针对各分屈服面分别被激活及某两个屈服面同时被激活的情况,发展了非线性本构速率方程积分的一致性算法,且率本构方程积分的返回映射算法和一致性弹塑性切线模量矩阵均为显式表示,避免了计算切线本构模量矩阵时的矩阵求逆。利用所发展的模型和一致性算法,数值模拟了平面应变条件下由应变软化及非关联塑性引起的边坡渐进破坏问题和隧道开挖问题。数值结果表明,所发展的模型和一致性算法在保持应变局部化问题的适定性、保证数值求解过程的收敛性和计算效率等方面具有良好的性能。

应用MINTAB程序分析与选择采矿方法

MINTAB程序建立在位移不连续性的分析技术基础上,能模拟采矿活动,给出采场内外的应力分布状态及变化。在相关假设前提下,把矿体看成一宽度可忽略的简单的平面裂缝,将该采矿区域分成若干小方块(最多6400个)。

Spontaneous Emission of a Polarized Atom in a Medium Between Two Parallel Mirrors

Using the photon closed orbit theory, the spontaneous emission rate of a polarized atom in a medium between two parallel mirrors is derived and calculated. It is found that the spontaneous emission rate of a polarized atom between the mirrors is related to the atomic position and the polarization direction. The results show that in the vicinity of the mirror, the variation of the spontaneous emission rate depends crucially on the atomic polarization direction. With the increase of the polarization angle, the oscillation in the spontaneous emission rate becomes decreased. For the polarization direction parallel to the mirror plane, the oscillation is the greatest; while for the perpendicular polarization direction, the oscillation is nearly vanished. The agreement between our result and the quantum electrodynamics result suggests the correctness of our calculation. This study further verifies that the atomic spontaneous emission process can be effectively controlled by changing the polarization orientation of the atom.

Electron Flux Distributions in the Photodetachment of H_2^-in an Electric Field

The electron flux distributions in the photdetachment of a negative hydrogen molecular ion in an electric field have been studied by using the two-center model and the dosed orbit theory. An analytic formula is presented for the electron flux of H2 in the presence of an electric field. The results show that the interference between the two orbits passing through the given spatial point leads to the oscillation in the electron flux distribution. Besides, the interference between the two centers of the H2^- is also very important. The comparison between the electron flux of H2^- in electric field with the result of H^- shows that at the equilibrium distance of two centers in the H2^-, the interference of the two nuclei on the detached electron＇s flux distribution is very strong, while at larger distance of the two centers, the interference effect of the two centers is decreased.

Photodetachment of H^- Near a Dielectric Surface

Using the closed orbit theory, the photodetachment cross section of H- near a dielectric surface has been derived and calculated. The results show that the dielectric surface has great influence on the photodetachment process of negative ion near the ionization threshold. Above the ionization threshold, the photodetachment cross section starts to oscillate. With the increase of the energy, the oscillating amplitude decreases and the oscillating frequency increases. The oscillation in the photodetachment cross section of H- in the presence of a dielectric surface is either larger or smaller than the photodetachment of H- without the surface. As the photon energy is larger than the critical value Epc, the oscillatory structure disappeared and the cross section approaches to the case of the photodetachment of H- without any external fields. For a given detached-electron energy, the photodetachment cross section becomes decreased with the increase of the ion-surface distance. Besides, the dielectric constant has great influence on the photodetachment of H-. With the increase of the dielectric constant, the oscillation in the cross section becomes increased. As the dielectric constant increases to infinity, the cross section is the same as the photodetachment of H- near a metal surface. This study provides a new understanding on the photodetachment process of H- in the presence of a dielectric surface.

A hybrid stepping motor system with dual CPU

An indirect method of measuring the rotor position based on the magnetic reluctance variation is presented in the paper. A single-chip microprocessor 80C196KC is utilized to compensate the phase shift produced by the process of position signals. At the same time, a DSP (Data Signal Processor) unit is used to realize the speed and current closed-loops of the hybrid stepping motor system. At last, experimental results show the control system has excellent static and dynamic characteristics.

法向循环加卸载条件下节理力学特征研究

将节理法向循环加卸载试验所得的法向应力–闭合量曲线分别采用半对数、双曲线本构方程进行拟合,得到2种类型节理法向刚度表达式,并将其引入持续屈服节理模型中,同时编写节理法向循环加卸载程序,首次实现节理非线性本构循环加卸载数值模拟分析。研究结果表明:建立的节理法向非线性本构循环加卸载数值试验方法行之有效;由双曲线方程得到的节理法向刚度值较由半对数方程得到的法向刚度值略有不同,但2种方法得到的节理法向应力–闭合量曲线数值模拟结果均与室内试验十分接近,均可有效表征节理法向循环加卸载力学特征。研究成果可为后续节理岩体动力学性质研究,边坡动力响应分析以及边坡稳定性、安全性评价等奠定基础。

Complications in the management of closed high-energy proximal tibial plateau fractures

Purpose： To report complications in the management of complex closed proximal tibial fractures. Method： A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the infectious and noninfectious complications encountered in the management of high-energy Schatzker type V and VI tibial plateau fractures. All patients were treated at the level 1 trauma centre between January 20tl and March 2014. Sixty two patients were included in the study. The mean patient age was （43.16 ±11.59） years with 60 males and 2 females. Infectious complications like superficial and deep infection, wound dehiscence, malalignment in the immediate postoperative period and in follow-up period were noted. Results： The overall complication rate was 30.65% （19 out of 62）. Infectious complications were noted in 20.97% cases （13162）. In majority of the cases （8113）, superficial infection was seen which managed with regular dressing and antibiotic administration. The patients （5/13） who had developed deep-seated infection were subjected to repeated debridements, flap coverage, implant removal or amputation depending upon the host response. Thirteen patients had experienced noninfectious complications. Hardware related complications were noticed in six patients and four among them received a secondary procedure. Malalignment was observed in seven patients but only single patient underwent subsequent operative intervention. Conclusion： Proximal tibial plateau fractures especially Shatzker type V and VI are associated with extensive soft tissue damage even in closed injuries. The complications encountered in the management of these fractures can be minimized with appropriate patient selection and minimal soft tissue dissection.

EMPIRICAL LIKELIHOOD INFERENCE FOR LOGISTIC EQUATION WITH RANDOM PERTURBATION

Empirical likelihood(EL) combined with estimating equations(EE) provides a modern semi-parametric alternative to classical estimation techniques such as maximum likelihood estimation(MLE). This paper not only uses closed form of conditional expectation and conditional variance of Logistic equation with random perturbation to perform maximum empirical likelihood estimation(MELE) for the model parameters, but also proposes an empirical likelihood ratio statistic(ELRS) for hypotheses concerning the interesting parameter. Monte Carlo simulation results show that MELE and ELRS provide competitive performance to parametric alternatives.