物质—观念视域下育龄群体的多孩生育意愿——基于CGSS2021问卷实验的分析

当前我国已迈入低生育社会,探究育龄群体生育意愿真实影响因素、出台相应政策、释放多孩生育潜力是应对人口问题的重要举措。基于2021年中国综合社会调查问卷实验模块的数据,从物质条件和观念因素两个层面探究其对多孩生育意愿的影响,研究发现:居民对二孩生育持略微开放态度,但三孩生育意愿较为消极。物质层面的家庭收入、父母照料支持和优质育儿服务均能提高多孩生育意愿。就观念而言,性别偏好不再影响多孩生育意愿,但传统性别分工观念仍有着正向影响,且对家庭收入起正向调节作用。异质性检验发现,物质层面的城乡异质性小于性别,城乡二元生育格局发生变化,经济在城市二孩生育意愿上的效用大于农村;父母提供隔代照料会增加女性的二孩生育意愿,当经济能力允许时,男性比女性更期望生育三孩。研究结果表明,生育政策应着力于有一定潜力的二孩生育,推动支持型的家庭生育政策、建设育儿友好型社会、建立整体性的生育支持体系是走出低生育陷阱的主要方向。

中学化学教师实验教学培训需求调查及思考

采取问卷调查的方式,围绕对化学实验教学的认识、开展实验教学的情况、实验教学难以开展的原因、期望的培训内容方式及师资,以及对培训的建议五个方面,就北京市部分中学化学教师实验教学培训需求进行调查分析,为开展在职中学化学教师的实验教学培训提供参考;并从教师人才培养和能力发展的角度,就教师培训的目标导向、实践取向与培训课程的转型升级提出了值得思考并需要后续深入研究的关键问题。

住房政策如何影响未婚青年结婚意愿——基于上海的考察

初婚年龄推迟、结婚率下降已成为我国主要城市的普遍现象。高昂的房价被认为是阻碍结婚意愿和结婚率的重要因素之一。在计划行为理论、政策工具理论的启示下,住房政策工具可分为推动供给型住房政策工具和拉动需求型住房政策工具。推动供给型住房政策工具包括兴建保障性产权住房,并以市场价一半的价格出售给新婚青年;拉动需求型住房政策工具包括降低首付款比例,同时由政府提供部分免息贷款。研究发现,提供保障性住房政策和住房经济补贴政策均可显著提升未婚青年的结婚意愿,其中后者对于提升结婚意愿更为显著。

The Effect of Power upon Unethical Behavior in the Organization

Based on the undertaken research, it is explored whether power can affect the judgment made by individual about unethical behavior. Research 1 uses questionnaire as measuring method. The results demonstrate that individuals with different levels of power make judgment on various unethical behaviors. Their judgments are not different. It does not agree with the hypothesis. The reason may lie in that it may be affected by social desirability, or that there exist defects in the design of questionnaire. Research 2 uses laboratory investigation. The results demonstrate that individuals in high-power group conduct unethical behavior more frequently and more fiercely. It agrees with the hypothesis. The inconsistent results of the two researches can be reasonably explained from the two angles of moral permission and moral hypocrisy.

Experiments on the orientation of the bilingual learning majored in tourism management in independent colleges based on the data mining

This study takes two undergraduate courses of Grade 2011 and 2012 of tourism management in an independent college as the sample, uses the questionnaires and the interviews to obtain the relevant data, analyzes the tendency of the bilingual learning of the students, and then uses the data analysis to draw the factors influencing the bilingual teaching effect. Based on the above data analysis, the paper puts forward the composition elements and the implementation path of the bilingual teaching systems of the tourism management specialty in indeoendent colleges.