试析《庄子》疑问句的问域

《庄子》中的疑问句大量地出现在虚构的人物(或拟人形象)的对话中,本文分析了特指问、肯定/否定式的是非问句和选择问句中问域的特点、问话人表达疑问的不同倾向性,试图从问域的角度体会《庄子》的“谬悠之说”、“荒唐之言”。

从“问域”看初等问句的逻辑形式分析

问句逻辑又称问题逻辑,作为语言学与逻辑学的交叉研究领域,是现代逻辑的扩充型分支。"初等问句"是从结构上对疑问句划分的一种类型,开展"初等问句"的形式分析,不仅对建立疑问句逻辑形式系统,而且对问题的自然语言句法结构分析都具有十分重要的意义。现代汉语中广泛存带有"对比焦点"的初等问句,可以结合问题的"问域"理论,从"问域"角度对初等问句开展形式分析,在一定程度上解决了现代汉语中含有"对比焦点"的初等问句形式分析的难题,也有利于现代汉语形式化研究地进一步发展。

问域和答域:基于问题逻辑的思想政治理论课教学研究

思想政治理论课教学的一个重要任务就在于面对问题,设疑引思,向大学生分析问题产生的缘由与发展动态,进一步解释现实问题与理论问题的关联。问题逻辑对于问域和答域的逻辑研究,像一个路标那样指示着我们如何提出问题和如何寻找问题解答的方向,它对于思想政治理论课"怎么教"具有重要的指导作用和积极的推动作用。

域外司法问责制度的考察与启示──以美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、德国、法国、日本为样本

司法问责是修复因冤假错案而造成贬损的司法公信力的重要手段。针对我国司法问责理论缺失和制度缺憾的现状,立足中国法治国情,有必要对域外司法问责制度的实践进行考察,借鉴其有益经验,以促进我国司法问责制度的完善。通过对美国等西方国家司法问责制度的考察,基本可以认为问责制度的设计应当尊重审判独立原理,问责组织应当具有专门性,问责措施应当突出司法职业特点,以及问责程序应当规范化、法制化。

疑问句的语义、语用考察

本文从语义、语用的角度对有疑而问的疑问句进行考察,着重探讨此类疑问句的问域、问点、预设及其恰当性问题。文中认为,疑问句的问域总是由包含若干命题选项的析取式及询问标志所构成,问点可以通过对不同命题选项的比较来确定,只有所有预设均为真的疑问句才存在真解答,只有符合恰当性要求的疑问句才能顺利地得到真解答。

讯问活动的思维形式——侦查讯问中的“问题”研究

讯问是以问答形式进行的侦查活动。问题负载着讯问信息,沟通讯问双方的思维,引领着讯问活动的方向。根据问题的逻辑重点可以将其分为判断型问题(包括是非式、选择式、填充式)、说明型问题、论证型问题三类。侦查讯问中运用问题暗示的原则是:问题暗示只能用于帮助犯罪嫌疑人形成供述动机,而在犯罪的时间、地点、工具等具体情节上禁止暗示;为了避免不良暗示,侦查人员在讯问犯罪情节时,应尽量使用填充或说明型问题,少用是非式和选择式问题。

浅谈数学课堂教学中的问题设计

本文阐述了在数学课教学中如何进行恰当的问题设计。

提问逻辑例释

启发式教学有利于提高学生的学习兴趣,有利于学生把学习知识和发展能力结合起来,因而为广大教师所推崇。它虽不等同于提问式教学,但往往总要跟问题打交道。那么。

基于OLAP的域外访问数字资源管理研究

互联网提供了多样化的信息获取途径,由于知识产权等原因,高校图书馆数字资源的有效服务都是通过IP地址进行判别;而图书馆为了数字资源管理的需要,基于OLAP对读者行为进行数据挖掘与分析,以得到读者的需求。高校读者依托互联网获取资源用以学习和科研,其网络接入的不固定性,与传统的互联网数字资源保护策略产生了矛盾。为了方便读者无障碍使用高校图书馆的数字资源,同时结合数字资源地址的动态性,引用URL(Uniform Resource Locator,统一资源定位符)重写技术,将受IP地址限制的检索工具的地址重写,自动生成静态URL地址系统,并实现动态地址的统一转换、数字资源地址的统一管理与用户访问行为分析,实现读者在互联网门户的单点登录、多点访问的功能,为域外访问的读者提供无障碍信息服务,同时感知读者需求,为智慧服务提供决策依据。

A FICTITIOUS DOMAIN METHOD FOR DIRICHLET PROBLEM AND ITS APPLICATIONS TO GENER ALIZED STOKES PROBLEM

This paper discusses a fictitious domain method for the linear Dirichlet problem and its applications to the generalized Stokes problem. This method treats Dirichlet boundary condit ion via a Lagrange multiplier technique and is well suited to the no-slip bound ary condition in viscous flow problems. In order to improve the accuracy of solu tions, meshes are refined according to the a posteriori error estimate. The mini -element discretization is applied to solve the generalized Stokes problem. Fin ally, some numerical results to validate this method are presented for partial d ifferential equations with Dirichlet boundary condition.

Technical Problems and Approval Standards for the Regional Trials of Soybean Varieties in Liaoning Province

The technical problems and approval standards for the regional test of soybean varieties in Liaoning Province were discussed. The technical key points for the soybean regional trials were the selection of trial fields, preparations in lab be-fore sowing, preparations in regional trial field before sowing, sowing in suitable time and strict with sowing process, field management and survey record, harvest and sampling as wel as lab test and summary. In addition, the approval standards for common varieties and quality varieties for the soybean regional trials in Liaoning were introduced, with the aim to provide accurate and scientific theoretical basis for the approval of soybean varieties.

A hybrid algorithm based on tabu search and large neighbourhood search for car sequencing problem

The car sequencing problem(CSP)concerns a production sequence of different types of cars in the mixed-model assembly line.A hybrid algorithm is proposed to find an assembly sequence of CSP with minimum violations.Firstly,the hybrid algorithm is based on the tabu search and large neighborhood search(TLNS),servicing as the framework.Moreover,two components are incorporated into the hybrid algorithm.One is the parallel constructive heuristic(PCH)that is used to construct a set of initial solutions and find some high quality solutions,and the other is the small neighborhood search(SNS)which is designed to improve the new constructed solutions.The computational results show that the proposed hybrid algorithm(PCH+TLNS+SNS)obtains100best known values out of109public instances,among these89instances get their best known values with100%success rate.By comparing with the well-known related algorithms,computational results demonstrate the effectiveness,efficiency and robustness of the proposed algorithm.

GPU acceleration of subgraph isomorphism search in large scale graph

A novel framework for parallel subgraph isomorphism on GPUs is proposed, named GPUSI, which consists of GPU region exploration and GPU subgraph matching. The GPUSI iteratively enumerates subgraph instances and solves the subgraph isomorphism in a divide-and-conquer fashion. The framework completely relies on the graph traversal, and avoids the explicit join operation. Moreover, in order to improve its performance, a task-queue based method and the virtual-CSR graph structure are used to balance the workload among warps, and warp-centric programming model is used to balance the workload among threads in a warp. The prototype of GPUSI is implemented, and comprehensive experiments of various graph isomorphism operations are carried on diverse large graphs. The experiments clearly demonstrate that GPUSI has good scalability and can achieve speed-up of 1.4–2.6 compared to the state-of-the-art solutions.

The Extremal Problem on Cartan-egg Domain of the First Type

In this paper,we study the extremal problem on Cartan-egg domain of the first type by using some inequalities.The extremal mapping and extremal value between the first type of Cartan-egg domain and the unit ball when k≤1 and k=2,m=2 are constructed.

Trust Region Algorithm for a Class of Nonlinear Complementarity Problem

In this paper, an ODE-type trust region algorithm for solving a class of nonlinear complementarity problems is proposed. A feature of this algorithm is that only the solution of linear systems of equations is required at each iteration, thus avoiding the need for solving a quadratic subproblem with a trust region bound. Under some conditions, it is proven that this algorithm is globally and locally superlinear convergent. The limited numerical examples show its efficiency.

The SLCP-driven land use changes and farmers' responses in the loess hilly and gully region:a case study for Ansai County

Taking Ansai County located in loess hilly and gully area as a case, this study analyzes the land use changes driven by the SLCP （Slope Land Conversion Program） and the farmers＇ responses by household survey and participatory rapid appraisal （PRA）. It is found that the SLCP aroused various changes in land use, agricultural production, rural incomes, etc. In the period of 1999-2005, the farmland and grasslands were reduced by 26,809 ha and 17,571 ha respectively, while forestland increased by 38,203 ha; greenhouse vegetable and orchard got a quick development, with the area enlarged by about 7 times and nearly doubled respectively. The SLCP reduced the area of crops particularly those that normally grown on slope lands, e.g. the sowing area of winter wheat ped from 19.39% of the total cropping area in 1999 to 0.98% in 2005. Draught animals, pigs and sheep have a decline in the number because the remained land and the ban on grazing on natural grasslands can not provide sufficient feed forage. Thanks to the financial subsidy, farmers increased land inputs and thus outputs. To achieve long-term sustainable development and improve rural income, the government should continuously support farmers to improve the land management, to adopt alternative land use systems, and to increase inputs on soil conservation. Vegetable and fruit production are two promise land use systems, and should be further developed.

Neural Network Inversion for Multilayer Quaternion Neural Networks

Recently, solutions to inverse problems have been required in various engineering fields. The neural network inversion method has been studied as one of the neural network-based solutions. On the other hand, the extension of the neural network to a higher-dimensional domain, e.g., complex-value or quaternion, has been proposed, and a number of higher-dimensional neural network models have been proposed. Using the quatemion, we have the advantage of expressing 3D （three-dimensional） object attitudes easily. In the quaternion domain, we can define inverse problems where the cause and the result are expressed by the quaternion. In this paper, we extend the neural network inversion method to the quatemion domain. Further, we provide the results of the computer experiments to demonstrate the process and effectiveness of our method.

Discussion about contemporary Chinese cultural criticism and mass culture

Contemporary Chinese cultural criticism is facing traditional three factors. That are： literary criticism, belletristic criticism and Chinese-style criticism; contemporary transformation from western cultural criticism and consciousness of problems in contemporary Chinese culture together form a problem domain of cultural criticism; during the 30 years, literary discipline knowledge has evolved from the aesthetic to the culture and the weakening and missing of beauty and poetry become a weakness of cultural criticism. Concerning about the study of repression mechanism for appreciation as well as strengthening the aesthetic nature is the proper attitude literary researcher should have while intervening cultural criticism.

Energy-efficient Medium Access Approach for Wireless Body Area Network Based on Body Posture

Energy efficiency has become one of the most important issues in wireless body area network(WBAN).In this paper,an energy-efficient medium access control(MAC)protocol for WBAN is proposed based on human body posture under walking scenery.Due to person's movements,WBAN is a dynamic network,which means that traditional static protocols are no more suitable for it.For solving this problem,firstly,the feature of human walking at a constant speed is analyzed and we divide a spell of movements into a sequence of key frames just like a video constituted by numbers of continuous frames.As a result,the dynamic walking process is translated into several static postures,which the static MAC protocol could be used for.Secondly,concerning the performance of network lifetime,we design a posture-aware approach for lifetime maximization(PA-DPLM).With analytical and simulation results provided,we demonstrate that PA-DPLM protocol is energy-efficient and can be used under constant speed walking scenery.

A Superlinerly Convergent ODE-type Trust Region Algorithm for LC^1 Optimization Problems

In this paper, a new trust region algorithm for unconstrained LC1 optimization problems is given. Compare with those existing trust regiion methods, this algorithm has a different feature: it obtains a stepsize at each iteration not by soloving a quadratic subproblem with a trust region bound, but by solving a system of linear equations. Thus it reduces computational complexity and improves computation efficiency. It is proven that this algorithm is globally convergent and locally superlinear under some conditions.