Several conflicting objectives are considered in decision-making. MCDA （multi-criteria decision analysis） methods are developed to facilitate better decision making by decision-makers. Water supply problems are comp...Several conflicting objectives are considered in decision-making. MCDA （multi-criteria decision analysis） methods are developed to facilitate better decision making by decision-makers. Water supply problems are complex problems with multiple decision making and criteria. Hence, the use of multi-criteria decision analysis is very appropriate for solving these problems. Multi-criteria decision analysis can be divided into three main groups： value measurement models, goals, aspiration and reference level models and outranking models. The methods listed have been applied to water supply problems, especially in the evaluation of alternative water supply strategies. Each method has its advantages and limitations. A good alternative for concluding a better-suited method for water supply problems is to apply more than one method, either in combination to make use of the strengths of both methods, or in parallel to obtain a broader decision basis for the decision maker. Previous studies of MCDA in water supply planning have usually considered water supply networks with only one water service delivery. Advanced water supply sources with multiple water service delivery systems have been neglected. This is an on-going study in which analytical hierarchical multi-criteria decision analysis methods are proposed for solving water supply problems and a framework for improved rainwater harvesting systems will be developed.展开更多
A discrete optimization problem for minimizing the sum of fabrication cost and steel material cost of sf^el frames under constraints based on Japanese seismic code is set up. Enhancements of the genetic algorithm for ...A discrete optimization problem for minimizing the sum of fabrication cost and steel material cost of sf^el frames under constraints based on Japanese seismic code is set up. Enhancements of the genetic algorithm for the above-mentioned problem are proposed, which are combined with a 1D （one-dimensional） search or a 2D （two-dimensional） search. After the proposed methods are described, they are applied to a five-story frame. A comparison with an exact solution obtained by a revised enumeration algorithm demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed methods.展开更多
In order to achieve high quality that not only gives acceptable return value to society but also satisfies the needs of all the stakeholders of infrastructure projects, comprehensive understanding of issues pertaining...In order to achieve high quality that not only gives acceptable return value to society but also satisfies the needs of all the stakeholders of infrastructure projects, comprehensive understanding of issues pertaining to the quality of the project is needed. The aim of this study is to provide an overview the most common procurement methods used in constructing infrastructure transport projects and analyze how these methods contribute to the desired quality of the final product in relation to client competence. An on-line survey of construction actors was carried out to ascertain quality level of Swedish infrastructure transport projects and determinant factors of quality problems. An equal number of respondents indicated that the quality of infrastructure projects has either increased or remained same level over the past twenty years. Respondents also pointed out lack of client competence that is vital in realizing the desired quality level through proper procurement, monitoring and evaluation procedures. Public clients heavily rely on traditional design-build procurement that requires considerable client involvement of a project. Thus, the association of quality problems and lack of client competence may not be a mere coincidence but an overlooked outcome of current situation.展开更多
The explosive growth of data volume in mobile networks makes fast online diagnose a pressing search problem. In this paper, an object-oriented detection framework with a two-step clustering, named as Hourglass Cluster...The explosive growth of data volume in mobile networks makes fast online diagnose a pressing search problem. In this paper, an object-oriented detection framework with a two-step clustering, named as Hourglass Clustering, is given. Where three object parameters are chosen as Synthetical Quality of Experience（SQo E） Key Quality Indicators（KQIs） to reflect accessibility, integrality, and maintainability of networks. Then, we choose represented Key Performance Indicators（r KPIs） as cause parameters with correlation analysis. For these two kinds of parameters, a hybrid algorithm combining the self-organizing map（SOM） and展开更多
With the growing environmental concerns, green supply chain management （GSCM） is gaining significant attention in the construction industry. Tracking and monitoring the environmental effects brought forth by the par...With the growing environmental concerns, green supply chain management （GSCM） is gaining significant attention in the construction industry. Tracking and monitoring the environmental effects brought forth by the participating members along a supply chain is important to GSCM. The GreenSCOR model developed by the Supply Chain Council provides a generic framework for measuring the total carbon footprint and environmental footprint in a supply chain. The model is based on the Supply Chain Operations Reference （SCOR） model, which represents a supply chain network in a hierarchically structured manner. This paper describes the GreenSCOR framework and its potential application to the construction industry. This paper also presents a web services approach to incorporate the GreenSCOR model to the implementation of collaborative information systems. Each process element in the SCOR model is represented and delivered as individual web service units, which can be reused and integrated using standard web services technologies. The service units are combined and managed in a prototype web service collaborative framework, called SC Collaborator, which is designed and developed for supporting construction supply chain management. An illustrative example is presented to demonstrate the implementation of the GreenSCOR-based SC Collaborator framework.展开更多
The concept of global governance first appeared in research on international political governance in the early 1990s. At the time much of the theoretical research on global governance was to some extent isolated from ...The concept of global governance first appeared in research on international political governance in the early 1990s. At the time much of the theoretical research on global governance was to some extent isolated from the realities of world development, but since the beginning of the 21th century, global governance research has been turning to real world issues, We propose the construction, from a public management perspective, of a governance ＂issue-actor-mechanism＂ framework. This sees postwar global governance practice as the old paradigm. The paper points out that the rapid global development after the end of the Cold War has had a crucial impact on the traditional governance paradigm, followed by the emergence of new global governance issues and changes in new governance actors resulting from the changing world of the last twenty or thirty years which have led to the failure of traditional governance mechanisms. These ＂issue-actor-mechanism＂ changes are closely interlocked, and hence require a new global governance paradigm that can reflect the complex interconnections of governance issues, actors and mechanisms. We thus need to reexamine and refresh our perceptions of the world and open up a new research agenda.展开更多
The authors investigate an inverse problem of determining the radiative coefficient in a degenerate parabolic equation from the final overspecified data. Being different from other inverse coefficient problems in whic...The authors investigate an inverse problem of determining the radiative coefficient in a degenerate parabolic equation from the final overspecified data. Being different from other inverse coefficient problems in which the principle coefficients are assumed to be strictly positive definite, the mathematical model discussed in this paper belongs to the second order parabolic equations with non-negative characteristic form, namely, there exists a degeneracy on the lateral boundaries of the domain. Based on the optimal control framework, the problem is transformed into an optimization problem and the existence of the minimizer is established. After the necessary conditions which must be satisfied by the minimizer are deduced, the uniqueness and stability of the minimizer are proved. By minor modification of the cost functional and some a priori regularity conditions imposed on the forward operator, the convergence of the minimizer for the noisy input data is obtained in this paper. The results can be extended to more general degenerate parabolic equations.展开更多
文摘Several conflicting objectives are considered in decision-making. MCDA （multi-criteria decision analysis） methods are developed to facilitate better decision making by decision-makers. Water supply problems are complex problems with multiple decision making and criteria. Hence, the use of multi-criteria decision analysis is very appropriate for solving these problems. Multi-criteria decision analysis can be divided into three main groups： value measurement models, goals, aspiration and reference level models and outranking models. The methods listed have been applied to water supply problems, especially in the evaluation of alternative water supply strategies. Each method has its advantages and limitations. A good alternative for concluding a better-suited method for water supply problems is to apply more than one method, either in combination to make use of the strengths of both methods, or in parallel to obtain a broader decision basis for the decision maker. Previous studies of MCDA in water supply planning have usually considered water supply networks with only one water service delivery. Advanced water supply sources with multiple water service delivery systems have been neglected. This is an on-going study in which analytical hierarchical multi-criteria decision analysis methods are proposed for solving water supply problems and a framework for improved rainwater harvesting systems will be developed.
文摘A discrete optimization problem for minimizing the sum of fabrication cost and steel material cost of sf^el frames under constraints based on Japanese seismic code is set up. Enhancements of the genetic algorithm for the above-mentioned problem are proposed, which are combined with a 1D （one-dimensional） search or a 2D （two-dimensional） search. After the proposed methods are described, they are applied to a five-story frame. A comparison with an exact solution obtained by a revised enumeration algorithm demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
文摘In order to achieve high quality that not only gives acceptable return value to society but also satisfies the needs of all the stakeholders of infrastructure projects, comprehensive understanding of issues pertaining to the quality of the project is needed. The aim of this study is to provide an overview the most common procurement methods used in constructing infrastructure transport projects and analyze how these methods contribute to the desired quality of the final product in relation to client competence. An on-line survey of construction actors was carried out to ascertain quality level of Swedish infrastructure transport projects and determinant factors of quality problems. An equal number of respondents indicated that the quality of infrastructure projects has either increased or remained same level over the past twenty years. Respondents also pointed out lack of client competence that is vital in realizing the desired quality level through proper procurement, monitoring and evaluation procedures. Public clients heavily rely on traditional design-build procurement that requires considerable client involvement of a project. Thus, the association of quality problems and lack of client competence may not be a mere coincidence but an overlooked outcome of current situation.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program:2013CB329004)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
文摘The explosive growth of data volume in mobile networks makes fast online diagnose a pressing search problem. In this paper, an object-oriented detection framework with a two-step clustering, named as Hourglass Clustering, is given. Where three object parameters are chosen as Synthetical Quality of Experience（SQo E） Key Quality Indicators（KQIs） to reflect accessibility, integrality, and maintainability of networks. Then, we choose represented Key Performance Indicators（r KPIs） as cause parameters with correlation analysis. For these two kinds of parameters, a hybrid algorithm combining the self-organizing map（SOM） and
文摘With the growing environmental concerns, green supply chain management （GSCM） is gaining significant attention in the construction industry. Tracking and monitoring the environmental effects brought forth by the participating members along a supply chain is important to GSCM. The GreenSCOR model developed by the Supply Chain Council provides a generic framework for measuring the total carbon footprint and environmental footprint in a supply chain. The model is based on the Supply Chain Operations Reference （SCOR） model, which represents a supply chain network in a hierarchically structured manner. This paper describes the GreenSCOR framework and its potential application to the construction industry. This paper also presents a web services approach to incorporate the GreenSCOR model to the implementation of collaborative information systems. Each process element in the SCOR model is represented and delivered as individual web service units, which can be reused and integrated using standard web services technologies. The service units are combined and managed in a prototype web service collaborative framework, called SC Collaborator, which is designed and developed for supporting construction supply chain management. An illustrative example is presented to demonstrate the implementation of the GreenSCOR-based SC Collaborator framework.
文摘The concept of global governance first appeared in research on international political governance in the early 1990s. At the time much of the theoretical research on global governance was to some extent isolated from the realities of world development, but since the beginning of the 21th century, global governance research has been turning to real world issues, We propose the construction, from a public management perspective, of a governance ＂issue-actor-mechanism＂ framework. This sees postwar global governance practice as the old paradigm. The paper points out that the rapid global development after the end of the Cold War has had a crucial impact on the traditional governance paradigm, followed by the emergence of new global governance issues and changes in new governance actors resulting from the changing world of the last twenty or thirty years which have led to the failure of traditional governance mechanisms. These ＂issue-actor-mechanism＂ changes are closely interlocked, and hence require a new global governance paradigm that can reflect the complex interconnections of governance issues, actors and mechanisms. We thus need to reexamine and refresh our perceptions of the world and open up a new research agenda.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11061018,11261029)the Youth Foundation of Lanzhou Jiaotong University(No.2011028)+1 种基金the Long Yuan Young Creative Talents Support Program(No.252003)the Joint Funds of the Gansu Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.1212RJZA043)
文摘The authors investigate an inverse problem of determining the radiative coefficient in a degenerate parabolic equation from the final overspecified data. Being different from other inverse coefficient problems in which the principle coefficients are assumed to be strictly positive definite, the mathematical model discussed in this paper belongs to the second order parabolic equations with non-negative characteristic form, namely, there exists a degeneracy on the lateral boundaries of the domain. Based on the optimal control framework, the problem is transformed into an optimization problem and the existence of the minimizer is established. After the necessary conditions which must be satisfied by the minimizer are deduced, the uniqueness and stability of the minimizer are proved. By minor modification of the cost functional and some a priori regularity conditions imposed on the forward operator, the convergence of the minimizer for the noisy input data is obtained in this paper. The results can be extended to more general degenerate parabolic equations.
