The northern Indian Ocean （NIO） experienced a decadal-scale persistent warming from 1950 to 2000, which has influenced both regional and global climate. Because the NIO is a region susceptible to aerosols emis- sion...The northern Indian Ocean （NIO） experienced a decadal-scale persistent warming from 1950 to 2000, which has influenced both regional and global climate. Because the NIO is a region susceptible to aerosols emis- sion changes, and there are still large uncertainties in the representation of the aerosol indirect effect （ALE） in CMIP5 （Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5） models, it is necessary to investigate the role of the AIE in the NIO warming simulated by these models. In this study, the authors select seven CMIP5 models with both the aerosol direct and indirect effects to investigate their performance in simulating the basin-wide decadal-scale NIO warming. The results show that the decreasing trend of the downwelling shortwave flux （FSDS） at the surface has the major damping effect on the SST increasing trend, which counteracts the warming effect of greenhouse gases （GHGs）. The FSDS decreasing trend is mostly contrib- uted by the decreasing trend of cloudy-sky surface downwelling shortwave flux （FSDSCL）, a metric used to measure the strength of the AIE, and partly by the clear-sky surface downwelling shortwave flux （FSDSC）. Models with a relatively weaker AIE can simulate well the SST increasing trend, as compared to observation. In contrast, models with a relatively stronger AIE produce a much smaller magnitude of the increasing trend, indicat- ing that the strength of the AIE in these models may be overestimated in the NIO.展开更多
The Eulerian–Lagrangian simulation of bubbly flow has the advantage of tracking the motion of bubbles in continuous fluid, and hence the position and velocity of each bubble could be accurately acquired. Previous sim...The Eulerian–Lagrangian simulation of bubbly flow has the advantage of tracking the motion of bubbles in continuous fluid, and hence the position and velocity of each bubble could be accurately acquired. Previous simulation usually used the hard-sphere model for bubble–bubble interactions, assuming that bubbles are rigid spheres and the collisions between bubbles are instantaneous. The bubble contact time during collision processes is not directly taken into account in the collision model. However, the contact time is physically a prerequisite for bubbles to coalesce, and should be long enough for liquid film drainage. In this work we applied the spring-dashpot model to model the bubble collisions and the bubble contact time, and then integrated the spring-dashpot model with the film drainage model for coalescence and a bubble breakage model. The bubble contact time is therefore accurately recorded during the collisions. We investigated the performance of the spring-dashpot model and the effect of the normal stiffness coefficient on bubble coalescence in the simulation.The results indicate that the spring-dashpot model together with the bubble coalescence and breakage model could reasonably reproduce the two-phase flow field, bubble coalescence and bubble size distribution. The influence of normal stiffness coefficient on simulation is also discussed.展开更多
Tubular section members made of steel are common in space trusses. There are several types of connections to attach these members. The most popular is the staking end-flattened connection. The reduced cost and the fas...Tubular section members made of steel are common in space trusses. There are several types of connections to attach these members. The most popular is the staking end-flattened connection. The reduced cost and the fast assemblage of the truss are among the advantages of the staking end-flattened connection on 3D trusses. However, such connections present disadvantages like eccentricities and stiffness weakening of the tubular members. In this work, based on computer simulations and experimental lab tests on prototypes, small changes on the staking end-flattened connections such as reinforcement and eccentricity correction are evaluated. The results show an increase of 68% for local collapse and 17% for global collapse in the truss load carrying capacity when the suggested changes proposed in this article are used for the staking end-flattened connections.展开更多
Objective:To observe the clinical effect of tuina plus Baixiao moxibustion in the treatment of temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome(TJDS).Methods:A total of 70 TJDS patients who met the inclusion criteria were...Objective:To observe the clinical effect of tuina plus Baixiao moxibustion in the treatment of temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome(TJDS).Methods:A total of 70 TJDS patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomized into an observation group and a control group by flipping a coin,with 35 cases in each group.Patients in the observation group were treated with tuina plus Baixiao moxibustion,while patients in the control group received oral intake of diclofenac potassium(75 mg/pill),1 pill after every dinner.Both tuina and Baixiao moxibustion were done once a day during treatment.The therapeutic evaluation was evaluated after 10 treatments in both groups.The maximum mouth opening distanee and visual analog scale(VAS)were observed before and after treatment,and the therapeutic efficacy was also compared.Results:After treatment,the maximum mouth opening distanee and VAS improved in both groups(all P<0.05);both items in the observation group were superior to those in the control group(both P<00.05).The total effective rate was 91.4%in the observation group,versus 74.3%in the control group,and the between-group comparison of the total effective rate showed statistical significanee(P<0.05).Conclusion:Tuina plus Baixiao moxibustion can effectively improve TJDS patient's temporomandibular joint function and alleviate pain,with better efficacy than oral intake of diclofenac potassium.展开更多
基金supported by Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDA05110304)the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Project, Grant No. 2010CB951904)
文摘The northern Indian Ocean （NIO） experienced a decadal-scale persistent warming from 1950 to 2000, which has influenced both regional and global climate. Because the NIO is a region susceptible to aerosols emis- sion changes, and there are still large uncertainties in the representation of the aerosol indirect effect （ALE） in CMIP5 （Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5） models, it is necessary to investigate the role of the AIE in the NIO warming simulated by these models. In this study, the authors select seven CMIP5 models with both the aerosol direct and indirect effects to investigate their performance in simulating the basin-wide decadal-scale NIO warming. The results show that the decreasing trend of the downwelling shortwave flux （FSDS） at the surface has the major damping effect on the SST increasing trend, which counteracts the warming effect of greenhouse gases （GHGs）. The FSDS decreasing trend is mostly contrib- uted by the decreasing trend of cloudy-sky surface downwelling shortwave flux （FSDSCL）, a metric used to measure the strength of the AIE, and partly by the clear-sky surface downwelling shortwave flux （FSDSC）. Models with a relatively weaker AIE can simulate well the SST increasing trend, as compared to observation. In contrast, models with a relatively stronger AIE produce a much smaller magnitude of the increasing trend, indicat- ing that the strength of the AIE in these models may be overestimated in the NIO.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.91434121)Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.2013BAC12B01)+1 种基金State Key Laboratory of Multiphase complex systems(Grant No.MPCS-2015-A-03)Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA07080301)
文摘The Eulerian–Lagrangian simulation of bubbly flow has the advantage of tracking the motion of bubbles in continuous fluid, and hence the position and velocity of each bubble could be accurately acquired. Previous simulation usually used the hard-sphere model for bubble–bubble interactions, assuming that bubbles are rigid spheres and the collisions between bubbles are instantaneous. The bubble contact time during collision processes is not directly taken into account in the collision model. However, the contact time is physically a prerequisite for bubbles to coalesce, and should be long enough for liquid film drainage. In this work we applied the spring-dashpot model to model the bubble collisions and the bubble contact time, and then integrated the spring-dashpot model with the film drainage model for coalescence and a bubble breakage model. The bubble contact time is therefore accurately recorded during the collisions. We investigated the performance of the spring-dashpot model and the effect of the normal stiffness coefficient on bubble coalescence in the simulation.The results indicate that the spring-dashpot model together with the bubble coalescence and breakage model could reasonably reproduce the two-phase flow field, bubble coalescence and bubble size distribution. The influence of normal stiffness coefficient on simulation is also discussed.
文摘Tubular section members made of steel are common in space trusses. There are several types of connections to attach these members. The most popular is the staking end-flattened connection. The reduced cost and the fast assemblage of the truss are among the advantages of the staking end-flattened connection on 3D trusses. However, such connections present disadvantages like eccentricities and stiffness weakening of the tubular members. In this work, based on computer simulations and experimental lab tests on prototypes, small changes on the staking end-flattened connections such as reinforcement and eccentricity correction are evaluated. The results show an increase of 68% for local collapse and 17% for global collapse in the truss load carrying capacity when the suggested changes proposed in this article are used for the staking end-flattened connections.
文摘Objective:To observe the clinical effect of tuina plus Baixiao moxibustion in the treatment of temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome(TJDS).Methods:A total of 70 TJDS patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomized into an observation group and a control group by flipping a coin,with 35 cases in each group.Patients in the observation group were treated with tuina plus Baixiao moxibustion,while patients in the control group received oral intake of diclofenac potassium(75 mg/pill),1 pill after every dinner.Both tuina and Baixiao moxibustion were done once a day during treatment.The therapeutic evaluation was evaluated after 10 treatments in both groups.The maximum mouth opening distanee and visual analog scale(VAS)were observed before and after treatment,and the therapeutic efficacy was also compared.Results:After treatment,the maximum mouth opening distanee and VAS improved in both groups(all P<0.05);both items in the observation group were superior to those in the control group(both P<00.05).The total effective rate was 91.4%in the observation group,versus 74.3%in the control group,and the between-group comparison of the total effective rate showed statistical significanee(P<0.05).Conclusion:Tuina plus Baixiao moxibustion can effectively improve TJDS patient's temporomandibular joint function and alleviate pain,with better efficacy than oral intake of diclofenac potassium.
