“间离”的困境:理性与情感的对决

布莱希特的"间离方法"是适应德国人擅长理性思维的特点发展起来的戏剧表现手段。中国国民偏重感性思维,理性思辨非其所长。培养国民的理性思辨精神是教育部门职责,不应加之于戏曲艺术来担此重任。当下语境中,观众观剧之期待依然是情感共鸣,戏曲的首要任务仍是满足情感慰藉而非引导哲理思辨。"间离方法"反对观众和剧中人物产生共鸣进而同情,其出发点和戏曲观众的观剧期待是背道而驰的。戏曲的写意手法已经蕴含了间离方法所追求的必要距离感,无需再刻意嫁接布莱希特的间离方法。

理智与情感的对抗——英国剧作家彼得·谢弗的名剧《马》解析

当代英国著名剧作家彼得·谢弗的名剧《马》以别具一格的艺术方式探讨了人的理智与情感之间的冲撞对抗、社会规范与人的自然本性之间难以调和的冲突这一极为深刻的社会伦理问题。

NECESSARY AND SUFFICIENT CONDITIONS FOR QUADRATIC STABILITY OF UNCERTAIN DISCRETE TIME SYSTEMS

The robust stability analysis of discrete time systems with fast time varying uncertainties is considered in this paper. The necessary and sufficient conditions for quadratic stability are presented. Moreover, the stability robustness index is introduced as the measurement of the stability robustness. For the systems with given uncertain parameter bounds, checking the necessary and sufficient conditions and calculating the stability robust index are converted to solving minimax problems. It is shown that the maximization can be reduced to comparisons between the functional values of the corners when the parameter region is bounded by hyperpolydredon, and any local minimum value in the minimization is exactly the global minimum.

Solutions and Conditional Lie-Backlund Symmetries of Quasi-linear Diffusion-Reaction Equations

New classes of exact solutions of the quasi-linear diffusion-reaction equations are obtained by seeking for the high-order conditional Lie-Baeklund symmetries of the considered equations. The method used here extends the approaches of derivative-dependent functional separation of variables and the invariant subspace. Behavior to some solutions such as blow-up and quenching is also described.

A novel reaching law approach of quasi-sliding-mode control for uncertain discrete-time systems

A novel discrete-time reaching law was proposed for uncertain discrete-time system,which contained process noise and measurement noise.The proposed method reserves all the advantages of discrete-time reaching law,which not only decreases the band width of sliding mode and strengthens the system robustness,but also improves the dynamic performance and stability capability of the system.Moreover,a discrete-time sliding mode control strategy based on Kalman filter method was designed,and Kalman filter was employed to eliminate the influence of system noise.Simulation results show that there is no chattering phenomenon in the output of controller and the state variables of controlled system,and the proposed algorithm is also feasible and has strong robustness to external disturbances.

Space range estimate for battery-powered vertical take-off and landing aircraft

A novel method for estimating the space range of battery-powered vertical take-off and landing(VTOL) aircraft is presented. The method is based on flight parameter optimization and numerical iteration. Subsystem models including required thrust, required power and battery discharge models are presented. The problem to be optimized is formulated, and then case study simulation is conducted using the established method for quantitative analysis. Simulation results show that the space range of battery-powered VTOL aircraft in a vertical plane is an oblate curve, which appears horizontally long but vertically short, and the peak point is not located on the vertical climb path. The method and results are confirmed by parameter analysis and validations.

Long Distance GIL PD Fault Localization Method Based on Amplitude Difference and Time Difference Calculation of UHF Coupling Signal

In the long distance GIL under certain conditions, this paper researches and realizes detection of PD characters and accurate fault localization through UHF coupling sensors at different positions of the GIL pipeline. The main methods for the detection are UHF signal amplitude difference （DOA） and time difference （TOF）. We analyze the localization error by using TE and TEM component and high order TE mode component in electromagnetic coaxial wave guide theory. Research and field test prove the DOA detection error can meet the requirements of real-time online diagnosis and for history tracking analysis. The error of TOF detection method can be controlled within 3% and can be applied to the site.

An improved method for edge detection based on neighbor distance for processing hemispheric photography

Hemisphere photos are now widely applied to provide information about solar radiation dynamics,canopy structure and their contribution to biophysical processes,plant productivity and ecosystem properties.The present study aims to improve the original‘edge detection’method for binary classifcation between sky and canopy,which works not well for closed canopies.We supposed such inaccuracy probably is due to the infuence of sky pixels on their neighbor canopy pixels.Here,we introduced a new term‘neighbor distance’,defned as the distance between pixels participated in the calculation of contrast at the edges between classifed canopy and sky,into the‘edge detection’method.We showed that choosing a suitable neighbor distance for a photo with a specifc gap fraction can signifcantly improve the accuracy of the original‘edge detection’method.We developed an ND-IS(Neighbor Distance-Iteration Selection)method that can automatically determine the threshold values of hemisphere photos with high accuracy and reproductivity.It combines the modifed‘edge detection’method and an iterative selection method,with the aid of an empirical power function for the relationship between neighbor distance and manually verifed gap fraction.This procedure worked well throughout a broad range of gap fractions(0.019-0.945)with different canopy compositions and structures,in fve forest biomes along a broad gradient of latitude and longitude across Eastern China.Our results highlight the necessity of integrating neighbor distance into the original‘edge detection’algorithm.The advantages and limitations of the method,and the application of the method in the feld were also discussed.

Characteristic-based operator-splitting finite element method for Navier-Stokes equations

A new finite element method, which is the characteristic-based operator-splitting (CBOS) algorithm, is developed to solve Navier-Stokes (N-S) equations. In each time step, the equations are split into the diffusive part and the convective part by adopting the operator-splitting algorithm. For the diffusive part, the temporal discretization is performed by the backward difference method which yields an implicit scheme and the spatial discretization is performed by the standard Galerkin method. The convective part can be discretized using the characteristic Galerkin method and solved explicitly. The driven square flow and backward-facing step flow are conducted to validate the model. It is shown that the numerical results agree well with the standard solutions or existing experimental data, and the present model has high accuracy and good stability. It provides a prospective research method for solving N-S equations.

A defect-correction method for unsteady conduction convection problems Ⅰ:spatial discretization

In this paper, a semi-discrete defect-correction mixed finite element method (MFEM) for solving the non-stationary conduction-convection problems in two dimension is presented. In this method, we solve the nonlinear equations with an added artificial viscosity term on a finite element grid and correct this solutions on the same grid using a linearized defect-correction technique. The stability and the error analysis are derived. The theory analysis shows that our method is stable and has a good convergence property.

Subspace identification for continuous-time errors-in-variables model from sampled data

We study the subspace identification for the continuous-time errors-in-variables model from sampled data.First,the filtering approach is applied to handle the time-derivative problem inherent in continuous-time identification.The generalized Poisson moment functional is focused.A total least squares equation based on this filtering approach is derived.Inspired by the idea of discrete-time subspace identification based on principal component analysis,we develop two algorithms to deliver consistent estimates for the continuous-time errors-in-variables model by introducing two different instrumental variables.Order determination and other instrumental variables are discussed.The usefulness of the proposed algorithms is illustrated through numerical simulation.