论间色法在《红楼梦》叙事中的运用——也谈曹雪芹原作中史湘云之结局

结合间色之本义和其他相关批语,考察脂评所谓间色法的含义。间色法与《红楼梦》立宾主、别正副的整体创作原则紧密相连,在《红楼梦》叙事中的运用不限于某人某物某事。写"金玉姻缘"的同时又写一"金麒麟姻缘",两者有宾主之别、正副之分,先写"金麒麟姻缘"以引接书中正文"金玉姻缘"。

“红楼十二伶”与间色法考辨

"间色法"是《红楼梦》的叙事结构方式之一。"红楼十二伶"与"金陵十二钗"之间存在身份地位主宾互补,人物形象彼此映衬以及人物命运相互暗示的关系。这两组人物群像在小说中以一主一宾,一正一闺(副)的方式出现,彼此相生而相应,相间而相成,构成一个有机、完整的"千红一窟(哭)、万艳同杯(悲)"的意象体系。"红楼十二伶"的小荣枯相当于绘画中的"间色",不仅隐喻了贾府兴衰,补充并映衬了"金陵十二钗"的悲剧,而且折射了清康熙-雍正时期的社会政治文化,成为封建贵族生活崩溃的象征性缩影。

间色法不是对麒麟缘的否定

“因麒麟伏白首双星”一些学者对此持肯定见解。认为它是《红楼梦》原稿残留的回目。需有学者表示认可。却迈不过“间色法”这个坎，最终表示迷惑或否定。

古典小说艺术技法三题

间色法间色法,是中国国画传统技法之一。它是指画面上的颜色调和、搭配。古时,以青、黄、赤、白、黑五色为正色,两正色相合为间色。现在是称赤、黄、白三原色,中间之色为间色。诗画同源,小说与诗、画的关系也极为密切,好多技法是相通的。据此,脂砚斋第一次把这种国画技法,引入小说评点。当然,此种技法在小说创作中被运用,理当早于此了。

An improved Vibe algorithm for illumination mutations

The visual background extractor(Vibe)algorithm can lead to a large area of false detection in the extracted foreground target when the illumination is mutated.An improved Vibe method based on the YCbCr color space and improved three-frame difference is proposed in this paper.The algorithm detects the illumination mutation frames accurately based on the difference between the luminance components of two frames adjacent to a video frame.If there exists a foreground moving target in the previous frame of the mutated frame,three-frame difference method is utilized;otherwise,Vibe method using current frame is used to initialize background.Improved three-frame differential method based on the difference in brightness between two frames of the video changes the size of the threshold adaptively to reduce the interference of noise on the foreground extraction.Experiment results show that the improved Vibe algorithm can not only suppress the“ghost”phenomenon effectively but also improve the accuracy and completeness of target detection,as well as reduce error rate of detection when the illumination is mutated.

Biodegradation of Microcystin-RR by a New Isolated Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05

A promising bacterial strain for the biodegradation of Microcystins(MCs)was isolated from Dianchi lake in China and identified as Sphingopyxis sp.USTB-05 by the analysis of 16s rDNA.Initial MC-RR of 42.3 mg·L -1 was completely degraded by USTB-05 within 36 h,which was a relatively high biodegradation rate of MC-RR.With the cell-free extract(CE)of Sphingopyxis sp.USTB-05,MC-RR was biodegraded at a more rapid biodegradation rate compared with its strain,so that initial MC-RR of 42.3 mg·L -1 was completely biodegraded within 10 h.During the bio-reaction of MC-RR catalyzed by CE,two intermediate metabolites and a dead-end product of MC-RR were observed on HPLC profiles and all of them had similar scanning profiles in the wavelength from 200 to 300 nm,indicating that the group of Adda in all products of MC-RR remained intact.

Multi-attributed decision making for mining methods based on grey system and interval numbers

In the case of unknown weights, theories of multi-attributed decision making based on interval numbers and grey related analysis were used to optimize mining methods. As the representative of independence for the indicator, the smaller the correlation of indicators is, the greater the weight is. Hence, the weights of interval numbers of indicators were determined by using correlation coefficient. Relative closeness based on positive and negative ideal methods was calculated by introducing distance between interval numbers, which made decision making more rational and comprehensive. A new method of ranking interval numbers based on normal distribution was proposed for the optimization of mining methods, whose basic properties were discussed. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of this method were verified by theories and practice.

Segmentation of Somatic Cells in Goat Milk Using Color Space CIELAB

Somatic cell counts （SCCs） levels indicate the occurrence of infections in goat udders and are related to the productivity of goat milk, cheese and yoghurt. This work presents a segmentation method for counting somatic cells in goat milk images, intending to detect an infection known as mastiffs, which is the major cause of loss in dairy farming. The image segmentation procedure is devised by using the lab color space and the watershed transform. A large number of samples under variable preparation conditions are treated with the proposed method. A comparison between manual and the proposed technique is presented. Promising results indicates that video-microscopy systems may be employed to develop automated SCC for goat milk.

In Vitro and In Silico Studies of Lunacridine from Lunasia Amara Blanco as Anticancer

Lunasia amara Blanco is a famous plant in South Sulawesi. It was used largely by local people as antibacteria and aphrodisiac. Quinoline alkaloid lunacridine was known as the active principle from Lunasia amara Blanco. Its activity was reported as a DNA Intercalating Topoisomerase II inhibitor. In this study, we have isolated and assayed the cytotoxic activity of lunacridine on P388 murine leukemia cells by MTT colorimetric assay （in vitro）. Lunacridine showed the less cytotoxic activity with the IC50 of 39.52 μg/mL. With the aim to explore the structural determinants responsible for this activity, molecular docking study have been carried out with DNA model using AutoDock 4.0 software with various total of energy evaluations （in silico）. The best docking reached at the total energy evaluations of 2.5 × 107 with the binding free energy of-6.63 kcal/mol. Analysis of the docking results was in accordance with the ability of lunacridine to intercalate between base pairs of DNA. Cytotoxic activity of lunacridine is less probably due to low affinity and molecular interaction. Therefore this study suggests to design and to develop lunacridine as a lead compound for anticancer drug.

New Extended Jacobi Elliptic Function Rational Expansion Method and Its Application

In this paper, an extended Jacobi elliptic function rational expansion method is proposed for constructing new forms of exact Jacobi elliptic function solutions to nonlinear partial differential equations by means of making a more general transformation. For illustration, we apply the method to the （2＋1）-dimensional dispersive long wave equation and successfully obtain many new doubly periodic solutions, which degenerate as soliton solutions when the modulus m approximates 1. The method can also be applied to other nonlinear partial differential equations.

Suitability of Steric Mass-action Model for Ion-exchange Equilibrium of Micromolecule

The steric mass-action (SMA) model has been widely reported in the literature for ion-exchange and metal-affinity interaction adsorption equilibrium of biomacromolecules. In this paper, the usefulness of SMA model is analyzed for describing micromolecule ion-exchange equilibrium onto cation exchangers, CM Sephadex C-25 and Streamline SP. Batch adsorption experiments with ephedrine hydrochloride as a model adsorbate are carried out to determine the model parameters, that is, steric factor, characteristic charge and equilibrium constant. The result shows that the SMA model parameters of micromolecule cannot be obtained using the nonlinear least-square fitting method as protein's due to the remarkable difference between the molecular mass and dimension of micromolecule and protein. It is considered that the small size of the adsorbates dealt with in this study justifies the neglect of steric hindrances arising from adsorbate bulkiness. Thus, the three-parameter SMA model is reduced to two-parameter one (i.e., steric factor is equal to zero) for describing micromolecule ion-exchange equilibrium. It is found that the equilibrium constant for CM Sephadex C-25 increases with increasing ionic strength, while the equilibrium constant for Streamline SP shows an opposite trend. This is probably due to the remarkable difference between the physicalpro perties of the two adsorbents. Then, the relationship between the equilibrium constant and ionic strength is described by an expression. The computer simulations show that, the theoretical model with the correlation is promising in the prediction of micromolecule adsorption decrease with increasing ionic strength in a wide range of salt concentration.

Development of HEP-XXMF Series Hall Thrusters in BICE

Hall thruster is a type of electric propulsion thruster which is often regarded as a moderate specific im- pulse space propulsion technology and is used primarily for station keeping and orbit maintenance tasks. Magnetic field is the most important aspect in Hall thruster＇s design. Each time the performance improvement of Hall thrusters is accompanied with the regeneration of magnetic field design. Now, all the maior space nations treat the magnetic field design as the key technology for Hall thrusters, and many Hall thrusters have emerged in recent years, for example, BPT-4000 and NASA- 173M. In China, based on magnetic focus technology, the Beijing Institute of Control Engineer- ing （BICE） has been developing Hall thrusters ranged from hundreds of watts to 5 kilowatts, including the IS00 W HEP- 100MF and the 5 kW HEP- 140blF Hall thrusters. This paper briefly reviews the development of the HEP-XXMF series Hall thruster. The principle of the Hall thruster, the design methods and the current status of HEP-100MF and HEP- 140MF are discussed in the paper.

Functional safety verification and performance measurement of train-train communication link

The short-range wireless communication technology has advanced considerably and provides the feasibility of train-train(T2T)communication link in the communication-based train control system.The introduction of the T2T link would reduce the headway and improve operational efficiency.Formal methods are system design techniques that use rigorously specified mathematical models to ensure all behaviors work as expected.And it is exactly the functional safety verification needed.Therefore,to deal with the functional safety verification of the T2T link,an untimed colored petri net model is first constructed.Secondly,the verification process is performed.Conclusions can be drawn from the state space report and the computation tree logic queries.Lastly,the model is parameterized,and then data log files are obtained for further performance measurement.Results show that the proposed criteria are satisfied and there are no defects in the basic design requirements.The transmission delay has considered the reconnection,transmission errors and the interruption.The probability of the delay lower than 150 ms accounts for 98.106%,which meets the specification and the previous field test.

A Novel Approach for Unsupervised Segmentation of Homogeneous Regions in Gray-scale Images

An improved approach for JSEG is presented for unsupervised segmentation of homogeneous regions in gray-scale images. Instead of intensity quantization, an automatic classification method based on scale space-based clustering is used for nonparametric clustering of image data set. Then EM algorithm with classification achieved by space-based classification scheme as initial data used to achieve Gaussian mixture modelling of image data set that is utilized for the calculation of soft J value. Original region growing algorithm is then used to segment the image based on the multiscale soft J-images. Experiments show that the new method can overcome the limitations of JSEG successfully.

Utilization of Hydrocarbons Obtained by Waste Plastic Pyrolysis： Energetic Utilization （Part Ⅰ）

The pyrolysis of different waste polymers （polyethylene, polypropylene and polystyrene） was investigated in a tube reactor at 550 ℃ in the absence of oxygen. Additionally the energetic utilization of products have also been followed both in refining and petrochemical industry. Pyrolysis products were separated into fractions of gases, naphtha, middle distillates and heavy oil. Raw materials have been collected both from industrial and household sources： polyethylene from agriculture, polyethylene from packaging and polystyrene from packaging and electronic equipments. Yields and properties of volatile products have changed by the raw materials. Products have been analyzed by gas chromatography. Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography and other standardized methods. Naphtha had high octane numbers （80 〈 RON）, while high cetane numbers （〉 75） in case of middle distillates. Moreover fractions contained approximately half of unsaturated hydrocarbons, mainly α-olefins, but the percentage was depending on the raw materials. These properties are advantageous for fuel-like applications.

Support Vector Regression Based Color Image Restoration in YUV Color Space

A support vector regression(SVR) based color image restoration algorithm is proposed.The test color images are firstly mapped into the YUV color space,and then SVR is applied to build up a theoretical model between the degraded images and the original one.Performance comparisons of the proposed algorithm versus traditional filtering algorithms are given.Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has better performance than traditional filtering algorithms and has less computation time than iterative blind deconvolution algorithm.

Retinex based low-light image enhancement using guided filtering and variational framework

A new image enhancement algorithm based on Retinex theory is proposed to solve the problem of bad visual effect of an image in low-light conditions. First, an image is converted from the RGB color space to the HSV color space to get the V channel. Next, the illuminations are respectively estimated by the guided filtering and the variational framework on the V channel and combined into a new illumination by average gradient. The new reflectance is calculated using V channel and the new illumination. Then a new V channel obtained by multiplying the new illumination and reflectance is processed with contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization(CLAHE). Finally, the new image in HSV space is converted back to RGB space to obtain the enhanced image. Experimental results show that the proposed method has better subjective quality and objective quality than existing methods.

Acyclic colorings of graphs with bounded degree

A k coloring(not necessarily proper) of vertices of a graph is called acyclic, if for every pair of distinct colors i and j the subgraph induced by the edges whose endpoints have colors i and j is acyclic. We consider some generalized acyclic k colorings, namely, we require that each color class induces an acyclic or bounded degree graph. Mainly we focus on graphs with maximum degree 5. We prove that any such graph has an acyclic 5 coloring such that each color class induces an acyclic graph with maximum degree at most 4. We prove that the problem of deciding whether a graph G has an acyclic 2 coloring in which each color class induces a graph with maximum degree at most 3 is NP complete, even for graphs with maximum degree 5. We also give a linear time algorithm for an acyclic t improper coloring of any graph with maximum degree d assuming that the number of colors is large enough.

Calorimetry is not color-blind. Molecular insights on association processes in surfactant-polymer mixtures derived from calorimetric experiments

This comment will review and discuss recent results obtained with the use of calorimetry in assessing molecular information from complex phenomena such as association in surfactant/polymer mixtures. These examples were selected to support the view that it is possible to ally the great sensitivity of modem calorimeters with carefully planned experiments and, sometimes, ancillary techniques in order to derive detailed information on molecular interactions.

Pore scale simulation of liquid and gas two-phase flow based on digital core technology

Two-phase flow in two digital cores is simulated by the color-gradient lattice Boltzmann method.This model can be applied totwo-phase flow with high-density ratio(on order of 1000).The first digital core is an artificial sandstone core,and itsthree-dimensional gray model is obtained by Micro-CT scanning.The gray scale images are segmented into discrete phases(solid particles and pore space) by the Otsu algorithm.The second one is a digital core of shale,which is reconstructed usingMarkov Chain Monte Carlo method with segmented SEM scanning image as input.The wettability of solid wall and relativepermeability of a cylindrical tube are simulated to verify the model.In the simulations of liquid and gas two phase flow in digital cores,density ratios of 100,200,500 and 1000 between liquid and gas are chosen.Based on the gas distribution in the digital core at different times,it is found that the fingering phenomenon is more salient at high density ratio.With the density ratioincreasing,the displacement efficiency decreases.Besides,due to numerous small pores in the shale,the displacement efficiency is over 20% less than that in the artificial sandstone and the difference is even about 30% when density ratio is greaterthan 500.As the density ratio increases,the gas saturation decreases in big pores,and even reaches zero in some small pores orbig pores with small throats.Residual liquid mainly distributes in the small pores and the edge of big pores due to the wettability of liquid.Liquid recovery can be enhanced effectively by decreasing its viscosity.