AIM:To explore endoscopic therapy methods for gastric stromal tumors originating from the muscularis propria.METHODS:For 69 cases diagnosed as gastric stromal tumors originating from the muscularis propria,three types...AIM:To explore endoscopic therapy methods for gastric stromal tumors originating from the muscularis propria.METHODS:For 69 cases diagnosed as gastric stromal tumors originating from the muscularis propria,three types of endoscopic therapy were selected,based on the size of the tumor.These methods included endoscopic ligation and resection(ELR),endoscopic submucosal excavation(ESE) and endoscopic full-thickness resection(EFR).The wound surface and the perforation of the gastric wall were closed with metal clips.Immunohistostaining for CD34,CD117,Dog-1,S-100 and smooth muscle actin(SMA) was performed on the resected tumors.RESULTS:A total of 38 cases in which the tumor size was less than 1.2 cm were treated with ELR;three cases were complicated by perforation,and the perforations were closed with metal clips.Additionally,18 cases in which the tumor size was more than 1.5 cm were treated with ESE,and no perforation occurred.Finally,13 cases in which the tumor size was more than 2.0 cm were treated with EFR;all of the cases were complicated by artificial perforation,and all of the perforations were closed with metal clips.All of the 69 cases recovered with medical treatment,and none required surgical operation.Immunohistostaining demonstrated that among all of the 69 gastric stromal tumors diagnosed by gastroscopy,12 cases were gastric leiomyomas(SMA-positive),and the other 57 cases were gastric stromal tumors.CONCLUSION:Gastric stromal tumors originating from the muscularis propria can be treated successfully with endoscopic techniques,which could replace certain surgical operations and should be considered for further application.展开更多
The goal of this research is to analyze and discuss the origin of Qipao as women's fashionable wear in the early Republic Period (1911-1949).The origin of Qipao fashion will be discussed in three aspects:1) discus...The goal of this research is to analyze and discuss the origin of Qipao as women's fashionable wear in the early Republic Period (1911-1949).The origin of Qipao fashion will be discussed in three aspects:1) discussion of the original time,place and consumer group of Qipao fashion;2) analysis of initial style and wear combination of Qipao,3) deduction of the origin of the name Qipao.Besides,the analysis will also be given about Qipao's aesthetic characters,its production,consumption guarantee as well as its social backgrounds.The research will be made on the basis of the principles and methods of history,social psychology of clothing and design,and will use many materials especially historical writings and publications to give a more detailed discussion.Here are some tentative conclusions. Firstly, Qipao as a kind of one-piece dress was not inherited directly from the robe of Banner Style. It was a new fashion in the 1920s, which combined the elements of long vest called Qipao Majia, Wenming Xin Zhuang and the Western dress. Secondly, the Shanghai female students were the pioneering group wearing Qipao in 1925. Thirdly, the gradual acceptance of Qipao was mainly due to its aesthetic characters, production, consumption as well as social backgrounds at that time. And it was the kind of daily wear of many Chinese women after 1927. Fourthly, since Qipao represents the special clothing which integrated Chinese traditional style and the Western fashion in the early Republic Period, Qipao is advised to be taken as a special term to take the place of the previous ones like Mandarin Dress, Chipau and Cheongsam and so on.展开更多
Wilson's disease(WD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of copper metabolism, caused by mutations in the ATP7 B gene. A clear demand for novel WD treatment strategies has emerged. Although therapies using zinc sal...Wilson's disease(WD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of copper metabolism, caused by mutations in the ATP7 B gene. A clear demand for novel WD treatment strategies has emerged. Although therapies using zinc salts and copper chelators can effectively cure WD, these drugs exhibit limitations in a substantial pool of WD patients who develop intolerance and/or severe side effects. Several lines of research have indicated intriguing potential for novel strategies and targets for development of new therapies. Here, we review these new approaches, which comprise correction of ATP7 B mutants and discovery of new compounds that circumvent ATP7B-deficiency, as well as cell and gene therapies. We also discuss whether and when these new therapeutic strategies will be translated into clinical use, according to the key requirements for clinical trials that remain to be met. Finally, we discuss the hope for the current rapidly developing research on molecular mechanisms underlying WD pathogenesis and for the related potential therapeutic targets to provide a solid foundation for the next generation of WD therapies that may lead to an effective, tolerable and safe cure.展开更多
The present study applies a space-time filter to identify three dominant types of tropical waves: Madden-Julian oscillations (MJOs), equatorial Rossby (ER) waves, and tropical depression (TD)-type disturbances. The im...The present study applies a space-time filter to identify three dominant types of tropical waves: Madden-Julian oscillations (MJOs), equatorial Rossby (ER) waves, and tropical depression (TD)-type disturbances. The impacts of these waves on tropical cyclones (TCs) were investigated based on 131 observations during the period 2000 07. The results suggest that 72% of TC geneses were related to the joint impacts of more than one type of wave. The composites for cases in different categories reveal that TCs related to the concurrence of the three types of waves have strong and large initial vortices at the time of TC genesis. In the absence of the MJO, ERand TD-related TC genesis, embedded in easterly flow, exhibits a relatively fast initiation process and gives rise to a relatively small scale vortex. In contrast, without the ER wave contribution, TCs associated with ER and TD waves did not require strong convection at the time of genesis because an initial vortex can rapidly develop in the MJO active phase through persistent energy transfer. The MJO-related TC geneses were scattered in geographic distribution, as opposed to the clustered and eastward shift observed for genesis cases without contributions from MJOs.展开更多
Based on arrival time data of seismic phases of ML≥2. 0 earthquakes measured at Shanxi Digital Seismic Network for the period from January 2001 to October 2014,V_P/ V_S in the Shanxi region is calculated using the Wa...Based on arrival time data of seismic phases of ML≥2. 0 earthquakes measured at Shanxi Digital Seismic Network for the period from January 2001 to October 2014,V_P/ V_S in the Shanxi region is calculated using the Wadati single station and multi-earthquake method,and an investigation is conducted into the variation behavior of V_P/ V_S in the Shanxi region before and after the three earthquakes of MS≥4. 5 in 2010. Our study finds that abnormal V_P/ V_S appeared earlier at distant stations before all of the three earthquakes,which is at the time range from 6 months to 1 year before the earthquakes,and later at near stations,at the time range 10 days to 2 months before earthquakes. Therefore,it s possible to narrow down the scope of the location in earthquake prediction from the distant and near station data. The calculations of Dongshan seismic station indicate that the size of the residual of the origin time has impact on the detail of V_P/ V_S variation,thus,appropriate thresholds should firstly be set for the residuals of origin time at each seismic station in practical application,to ensure scientific and steady V_P/ V_S calculations.展开更多
Several investigations refer to the issue of creation and identification of vortices in flows with different regime and presence of obstacles. Reasons have to do with the crucial role that vortices play in nature and ...Several investigations refer to the issue of creation and identification of vortices in flows with different regime and presence of obstacles. Reasons have to do with the crucial role that vortices play in nature and industrial processes （sediment transport, mixing, radiation, noise, etc.）. Despite the contributions, further work is needed in order to perform more analysis of the mathematical arguments used to explain this phenomenon. In this idea order, the paper presents some advances in mathematical analysis and experimental results. In the first section, we do a description of the fluid motion from a fractional view through a sequence of three steps： Darcy＇s law, Navier-Stokes equations and Reynolds equations. Next, a representation of the temporal change of kinetic energy is found, which allows the possibility of the two signs. We obtain a description of the process of vortex creation. A length that represents the transition between flow and vortex intensity is found; then a succession of lengths is established that allows scaling from micro to macro. In the second section, experimental results are present; we consider vortex creation and its detection upstream of a bed form similar to that found in rivers, installed in an open channel, equipped with a water circulation system. For vortex detection, a methodology based on the particle image velocimetry PIV technique is proposed. So, we fulfill two objectives： vortex identification and its passage frequencies behind the bed form installed in the channel. Such procedure allows a computer process time reduction in vortices identification task.展开更多
文摘AIM:To explore endoscopic therapy methods for gastric stromal tumors originating from the muscularis propria.METHODS:For 69 cases diagnosed as gastric stromal tumors originating from the muscularis propria,three types of endoscopic therapy were selected,based on the size of the tumor.These methods included endoscopic ligation and resection(ELR),endoscopic submucosal excavation(ESE) and endoscopic full-thickness resection(EFR).The wound surface and the perforation of the gastric wall were closed with metal clips.Immunohistostaining for CD34,CD117,Dog-1,S-100 and smooth muscle actin(SMA) was performed on the resected tumors.RESULTS:A total of 38 cases in which the tumor size was less than 1.2 cm were treated with ELR;three cases were complicated by perforation,and the perforations were closed with metal clips.Additionally,18 cases in which the tumor size was more than 1.5 cm were treated with ESE,and no perforation occurred.Finally,13 cases in which the tumor size was more than 2.0 cm were treated with EFR;all of the cases were complicated by artificial perforation,and all of the perforations were closed with metal clips.All of the 69 cases recovered with medical treatment,and none required surgical operation.Immunohistostaining demonstrated that among all of the 69 gastric stromal tumors diagnosed by gastroscopy,12 cases were gastric leiomyomas(SMA-positive),and the other 57 cases were gastric stromal tumors.CONCLUSION:Gastric stromal tumors originating from the muscularis propria can be treated successfully with endoscopic techniques,which could replace certain surgical operations and should be considered for further application.
文摘The goal of this research is to analyze and discuss the origin of Qipao as women's fashionable wear in the early Republic Period (1911-1949).The origin of Qipao fashion will be discussed in three aspects:1) discussion of the original time,place and consumer group of Qipao fashion;2) analysis of initial style and wear combination of Qipao,3) deduction of the origin of the name Qipao.Besides,the analysis will also be given about Qipao's aesthetic characters,its production,consumption guarantee as well as its social backgrounds.The research will be made on the basis of the principles and methods of history,social psychology of clothing and design,and will use many materials especially historical writings and publications to give a more detailed discussion.Here are some tentative conclusions. Firstly, Qipao as a kind of one-piece dress was not inherited directly from the robe of Banner Style. It was a new fashion in the 1920s, which combined the elements of long vest called Qipao Majia, Wenming Xin Zhuang and the Western dress. Secondly, the Shanghai female students were the pioneering group wearing Qipao in 1925. Thirdly, the gradual acceptance of Qipao was mainly due to its aesthetic characters, production, consumption as well as social backgrounds at that time. And it was the kind of daily wear of many Chinese women after 1927. Fourthly, since Qipao represents the special clothing which integrated Chinese traditional style and the Western fashion in the early Republic Period, Qipao is advised to be taken as a special term to take the place of the previous ones like Mandarin Dress, Chipau and Cheongsam and so on.
文摘Wilson's disease(WD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of copper metabolism, caused by mutations in the ATP7 B gene. A clear demand for novel WD treatment strategies has emerged. Although therapies using zinc salts and copper chelators can effectively cure WD, these drugs exhibit limitations in a substantial pool of WD patients who develop intolerance and/or severe side effects. Several lines of research have indicated intriguing potential for novel strategies and targets for development of new therapies. Here, we review these new approaches, which comprise correction of ATP7 B mutants and discovery of new compounds that circumvent ATP7B-deficiency, as well as cell and gene therapies. We also discuss whether and when these new therapeutic strategies will be translated into clinical use, according to the key requirements for clinical trials that remain to be met. Finally, we discuss the hope for the current rapidly developing research on molecular mechanisms underlying WD pathogenesis and for the related potential therapeutic targets to provide a solid foundation for the next generation of WD therapies that may lead to an effective, tolerable and safe cure.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40905024 and 40921160379)Special Scientific Research Project for Public Interest (Grant No. GYHY200806009)
文摘The present study applies a space-time filter to identify three dominant types of tropical waves: Madden-Julian oscillations (MJOs), equatorial Rossby (ER) waves, and tropical depression (TD)-type disturbances. The impacts of these waves on tropical cyclones (TCs) were investigated based on 131 observations during the period 2000 07. The results suggest that 72% of TC geneses were related to the joint impacts of more than one type of wave. The composites for cases in different categories reveal that TCs related to the concurrence of the three types of waves have strong and large initial vortices at the time of TC genesis. In the absence of the MJO, ERand TD-related TC genesis, embedded in easterly flow, exhibits a relatively fast initiation process and gives rise to a relatively small scale vortex. In contrast, without the ER wave contribution, TCs associated with ER and TD waves did not require strong convection at the time of genesis because an initial vortex can rapidly develop in the MJO active phase through persistent energy transfer. The MJO-related TC geneses were scattered in geographic distribution, as opposed to the clustered and eastward shift observed for genesis cases without contributions from MJOs.
基金co-funded by the China Earthquake Science and Technology Spark Plan Project(XH12008YXH13004)+1 种基金the Youth Backbone Project of China Earthquake Administration(20140305)Shanxi Foundation for Basic Research,China(2013011029)
文摘Based on arrival time data of seismic phases of ML≥2. 0 earthquakes measured at Shanxi Digital Seismic Network for the period from January 2001 to October 2014,V_P/ V_S in the Shanxi region is calculated using the Wadati single station and multi-earthquake method,and an investigation is conducted into the variation behavior of V_P/ V_S in the Shanxi region before and after the three earthquakes of MS≥4. 5 in 2010. Our study finds that abnormal V_P/ V_S appeared earlier at distant stations before all of the three earthquakes,which is at the time range from 6 months to 1 year before the earthquakes,and later at near stations,at the time range 10 days to 2 months before earthquakes. Therefore,it s possible to narrow down the scope of the location in earthquake prediction from the distant and near station data. The calculations of Dongshan seismic station indicate that the size of the residual of the origin time has impact on the detail of V_P/ V_S variation,thus,appropriate thresholds should firstly be set for the residuals of origin time at each seismic station in practical application,to ensure scientific and steady V_P/ V_S calculations.
文摘Several investigations refer to the issue of creation and identification of vortices in flows with different regime and presence of obstacles. Reasons have to do with the crucial role that vortices play in nature and industrial processes （sediment transport, mixing, radiation, noise, etc.）. Despite the contributions, further work is needed in order to perform more analysis of the mathematical arguments used to explain this phenomenon. In this idea order, the paper presents some advances in mathematical analysis and experimental results. In the first section, we do a description of the fluid motion from a fractional view through a sequence of three steps： Darcy＇s law, Navier-Stokes equations and Reynolds equations. Next, a representation of the temporal change of kinetic energy is found, which allows the possibility of the two signs. We obtain a description of the process of vortex creation. A length that represents the transition between flow and vortex intensity is found; then a succession of lengths is established that allows scaling from micro to macro. In the second section, experimental results are present; we consider vortex creation and its detection upstream of a bed form similar to that found in rivers, installed in an open channel, equipped with a water circulation system. For vortex detection, a methodology based on the particle image velocimetry PIV technique is proposed. So, we fulfill two objectives： vortex identification and its passage frequencies behind the bed form installed in the channel. Such procedure allows a computer process time reduction in vortices identification task.
