2-chloro-4,6-dinitroresorcinol was synthesized from 4,6-dinitro-1,2,3-trichlorobenzene by hydrolysis.The ultraviolet spectrophotometry was used to measure the absorbency of the hydrolysis mixture under different tempe...2-chloro-4,6-dinitroresorcinol was synthesized from 4,6-dinitro-1,2,3-trichlorobenzene by hydrolysis.The ultraviolet spectrophotometry was used to measure the absorbency of the hydrolysis mixture under different temperatures and periods of time.By kinetic calculation,it is shown that when the reaction temperature is in the range of 343.15 K to 358.15 K,the reaction is consistent with the secondary apparent dynamic model,the apparent activation energy is 200.11 kJ/mol and the expression of kinetic parameter k is 3.761×1028exp(-2.001×105/RT).The reaction is controlled by the course of chemical reactions.展开更多
In order to get 2-chloro-4,6-dinitroresocinol(CDNR) with high purity,which influences the synthesis of 4,6-diaminoresorcinol dihydrochloride,the solubility of CDNR in various solvents was measured by laser method and ...In order to get 2-chloro-4,6-dinitroresocinol(CDNR) with high purity,which influences the synthesis of 4,6-diaminoresorcinol dihydrochloride,the solubility of CDNR in various solvents was measured by laser method and ethanol was chosen as the solvent.The recrystallization process of CDNR was investigated and crystallizing parameters such as cooling rate,temperature and time were discussed.Experimental results show that the time and temperature of crystallization greatly affect the yield and a higher yield can be received at-8 ℃ for 5 h.Slow cooling rate is helpful to the crystallization of CDNR,and the mechanical stirring or ultrasonic treatment can increase the yield and the purity of CDNR.展开更多
Sixteen surface sediment samples were collected and analysed to evaluate the residues of organochlorine pesticides （OCPs） from intertidal fiat in Jiangsu Province. Overall, 22 OCPs were detected with total concentra...Sixteen surface sediment samples were collected and analysed to evaluate the residues of organochlorine pesticides （OCPs） from intertidal fiat in Jiangsu Province. Overall, 22 OCPs were detected with total concentrations of OCPs ranging widely from 0.96 to 12.14 ng/g （dry wt）. Total hexachlorocyclohexane （HCH） and total dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane （DDT） levels varied from 〈0.01 to 0.67 ng/g and from 0.23 to 4.85 ng/g, respectively. DDTs were the predominant compounds. The dominance of β-HCH indicated a history of HCH pollution. According to the ratios of （p,p＇-DDD＋p,p＇-DDE）/p,p＇DDT and o,p＇-DDT/p,p＇- DDT, new input of DDTs did not occur in most sites, and the main sources were historical usage of technical DDTs. OCPs such as dieldrin, endrin, p,p＇-DDD, and p,p＇-DDT exceeded the effects range low, showing adverse biological effects that would occasionally occur at some sites of the study area.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundations of China(Grant No.50333030)the Outstanding Youth Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China(Grant No.JC04-12)
文摘2-chloro-4,6-dinitroresorcinol was synthesized from 4,6-dinitro-1,2,3-trichlorobenzene by hydrolysis.The ultraviolet spectrophotometry was used to measure the absorbency of the hydrolysis mixture under different temperatures and periods of time.By kinetic calculation,it is shown that when the reaction temperature is in the range of 343.15 K to 358.15 K,the reaction is consistent with the secondary apparent dynamic model,the apparent activation energy is 200.11 kJ/mol and the expression of kinetic parameter k is 3.761×1028exp(-2.001×105/RT).The reaction is controlled by the course of chemical reactions.
基金Sponsored by the Hi-Tech Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2002AA305109)
文摘In order to get 2-chloro-4,6-dinitroresocinol(CDNR) with high purity,which influences the synthesis of 4,6-diaminoresorcinol dihydrochloride,the solubility of CDNR in various solvents was measured by laser method and ethanol was chosen as the solvent.The recrystallization process of CDNR was investigated and crystallizing parameters such as cooling rate,temperature and time were discussed.Experimental results show that the time and temperature of crystallization greatly affect the yield and a higher yield can be received at-8 ℃ for 5 h.Slow cooling rate is helpful to the crystallization of CDNR,and the mechanical stirring or ultrasonic treatment can increase the yield and the purity of CDNR.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.40871216,41271466)
文摘Sixteen surface sediment samples were collected and analysed to evaluate the residues of organochlorine pesticides （OCPs） from intertidal fiat in Jiangsu Province. Overall, 22 OCPs were detected with total concentrations of OCPs ranging widely from 0.96 to 12.14 ng/g （dry wt）. Total hexachlorocyclohexane （HCH） and total dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane （DDT） levels varied from 〈0.01 to 0.67 ng/g and from 0.23 to 4.85 ng/g, respectively. DDTs were the predominant compounds. The dominance of β-HCH indicated a history of HCH pollution. According to the ratios of （p,p＇-DDD＋p,p＇-DDE）/p,p＇DDT and o,p＇-DDT/p,p＇- DDT, new input of DDTs did not occur in most sites, and the main sources were historical usage of technical DDTs. OCPs such as dieldrin, endrin, p,p＇-DDD, and p,p＇-DDT exceeded the effects range low, showing adverse biological effects that would occasionally occur at some sites of the study area.
