This paper focused on the sessile droplet freezing and ice adhesion on aluminum with different wettability （hydrophilic, com- mon hydrophobic, and superhydrophobic surfaces, coded as HIS, CHS, SHS, respectively） ove...This paper focused on the sessile droplet freezing and ice adhesion on aluminum with different wettability （hydrophilic, com- mon hydrophobic, and superhydrophobic surfaces, coded as HIS, CHS, SHS, respectively） over a surface temperature range of -9℃ to -19℃. It was found that SHS could retard the sessile droplet freezing and lower the ice adhesion probably due to the interfacial air pockets （IAPs） on water/SHS interface. However, as surface temperature decreasing, some IAPs were squeezed out and such freezing retarding and adhesion lowering effect for SHS was reduced greatly. For a surface temperature of-19℃, ice adhesion on SHS was even greater than that on CHS. To discover the reason for the squeezing out of lAPs, forces applied to the suspended water on IAPs were analyzed and it was found that the stability of IAPs was associated with surface mi- cro-structures and surface temperature. These findings might be helpful to designing of SHS with good anti-icing properties.展开更多
Dental caries remains one of the most common global chronic diseases caused by Streptococcus mutans,which is prevalent all over the world.The caries prevalence of children aged between 5-6 years old in China is still ...Dental caries remains one of the most common global chronic diseases caused by Streptococcus mutans,which is prevalent all over the world.The caries prevalence of children aged between 5-6 years old in China is still in very high rate.A potent and effective anti-caries vaccine has long been expected for caries prevention but no vaccines have been brought to market till now mainly due to the low ability to induce and maintain protective antibody in oral fluids.This review will give a brief historical retrospect on study of dental caries and pathogenesis,effective targets for anti-caries vaccines,oral immune system and immunization against dental caries.Then,salivary IgA antibodies and the protective responses are discussed in the context of the ontogeny of mucosal immunity to indigenous oral streptococcal.The methods and advancement for induction of specific anticaries salivary sIgA antibodies and enhancement of specific anti-caries salivary sIgA antibodies by intranasal immunization with a safe effective mucosal adjuvant are described.The progress in the enhancement of salivary sIgA antibodies and anticaries protection by intranasal immunization with flagellin-PAc fusion protein will be highlighted.Finally,some of the main strategies that have been used for successful mucosal vaccination of caries vaccine are reviewed,followed by discussion of the mucosal adjuvant choice for achieving protective immunity at oral mucosal membranes for development of a nasal-spray or nasal-drop anti-caries vaccine for human.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.21203089 and 51263018)International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of China(Grant No.2012DFA51200)+1 种基金Science and Technology Project of Jiangxi Province(Grant No.20123BDH80015)the Open Fund of Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology(Grant No.JSBEET1224)
文摘This paper focused on the sessile droplet freezing and ice adhesion on aluminum with different wettability （hydrophilic, com- mon hydrophobic, and superhydrophobic surfaces, coded as HIS, CHS, SHS, respectively） over a surface temperature range of -9℃ to -19℃. It was found that SHS could retard the sessile droplet freezing and lower the ice adhesion probably due to the interfacial air pockets （IAPs） on water/SHS interface. However, as surface temperature decreasing, some IAPs were squeezed out and such freezing retarding and adhesion lowering effect for SHS was reduced greatly. For a surface temperature of-19℃, ice adhesion on SHS was even greater than that on CHS. To discover the reason for the squeezing out of lAPs, forces applied to the suspended water on IAPs were analyzed and it was found that the stability of IAPs was associated with surface mi- cro-structures and surface temperature. These findings might be helpful to designing of SHS with good anti-icing properties.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program,Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2007BAI28B04)the National Science and Technology Major Project on Major Infectious Diseases(2012ZX10001-008,2008ZX10001-010)
文摘Dental caries remains one of the most common global chronic diseases caused by Streptococcus mutans,which is prevalent all over the world.The caries prevalence of children aged between 5-6 years old in China is still in very high rate.A potent and effective anti-caries vaccine has long been expected for caries prevention but no vaccines have been brought to market till now mainly due to the low ability to induce and maintain protective antibody in oral fluids.This review will give a brief historical retrospect on study of dental caries and pathogenesis,effective targets for anti-caries vaccines,oral immune system and immunization against dental caries.Then,salivary IgA antibodies and the protective responses are discussed in the context of the ontogeny of mucosal immunity to indigenous oral streptococcal.The methods and advancement for induction of specific anticaries salivary sIgA antibodies and enhancement of specific anti-caries salivary sIgA antibodies by intranasal immunization with a safe effective mucosal adjuvant are described.The progress in the enhancement of salivary sIgA antibodies and anticaries protection by intranasal immunization with flagellin-PAc fusion protein will be highlighted.Finally,some of the main strategies that have been used for successful mucosal vaccination of caries vaccine are reviewed,followed by discussion of the mucosal adjuvant choice for achieving protective immunity at oral mucosal membranes for development of a nasal-spray or nasal-drop anti-caries vaccine for human.
