To investigate the effects of leptin （1-20μg/kg） on acidified ethanol （AE）- and indomethacin （Indo）-induced gastric lesions in rats and compare it with ranitidine, lansoprazole, and omeprazole and to determine ...To investigate the effects of leptin （1-20μg/kg） on acidified ethanol （AE）- and indomethacin （Indo）-induced gastric lesions in rats and compare it with ranitidine, lansoprazole, and omeprazole and to determine its mechanisms of actions.METHODS： Gastric ulcers, which were approximately 1 mm in width, formed in the glandular portion of the gastric mucosa produced by oral administration of either AE or Indo were taken as ulcer index. The inhibitory effect of subcutaneous administration of leptin, two proton pump inhibitors （PPIs） lansoprazole and omeprazole, or H2-receptor antagonist ranitidine 30 min before AE or Indo was evaluated.A radioimmunoassay was used to determine the PGE2 concentration in the homogenate of the glandular portion of the stomach. We performed histological study of the glandular stomach for the evaluation of total, acidic, and sulfated mucus content.RESULTS： Subcutaneous administration of leptin, two PPI slansoprazole and omeprazole or H2-receptor antagonist ranitidine 30 min before AE or Indo produced a dosedependent and reproducible inhibition of gastric ulcers （GUs）. This inhibition was found to be more potent than other antagonists used. In N^G-nitro L-arginine methyl ester （L-NAME）-pretreated animals, the ulcer prevention ability of leptin in AE-induced ulcer was significantly reduced,compared to rats without L-NAME pretreatment. However,the ulcer prevention ability of leptin was not altered by L-NAME treatment in Indo-induced ulcers. Leptin produced a dose-dependent increase in PGE2 level in the gastric glandular tissues. Leptin also increased mucus secretion.CONCLUSION： The results of the present study show that leptin inhibits GU formation by AE or Indo in a dosedependent and reproducible manner in rats. The results also suggest that leptin prevents ulcer formation by increasing the activities of the cyclo-oxygenase and/or nitric oxide pathways and by increasing mucus secretion.展开更多
OBJECTIVE In Europe and America breast cancer commonly occurs in women of middle and old age, with a median age of about 57 years. Modified radical mastectomy now called standard radical mastectomy, has taken the plac...OBJECTIVE In Europe and America breast cancer commonly occurs in women of middle and old age, with a median age of about 57 years. Modified radical mastectomy now called standard radical mastectomy, has taken the place of traditional radical mastectomy. Patients with breast cancer at an early stage commonly receive BCT （breast conservative therapy）. The TNM stage （especially the lymph node status） affects the prognosis, and adjuvant therapy can improve survival. In China, only a few reports have been published studying large numbers of breast cancer patients. This study was designed to analyze the clinical features, surgical pattern and treatment outcome of resectable breast cancer, as well as to explore the prognostic factors and the effect of adjuvant therapy, with a goal to improve the level of diagnosis and treatment. METHODS Records of the 6,263 patients with resectable breast cancer who had been admitted into our hospital from June 1964 to June 2003 were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS Of the 6,263 cases, 98.8% were female. Breast cancer occurred most frequently in patients of ages 40-49 years （41.0%）, especially in patients 45-49 years old （25.2%）. A breast lump, which occurred in 96.2% of the patients, was the main clinical manifestation. The overall 5- and 10-year survival rates were 75.16% and 40.44%. Of the patients in TNM stages 0-1, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ, the 5-year survival rates were 96.8%, 73.7% and 46.4% respectively and the 10-year survival rates were 78.7%, 64.6% and 33.5% respectively. The 5-, and 10-year survival rates were higher in the lymph node negative group than in the lymph node positive group （80.3% vs. 55.6%, and 59.2% vs. 31.9%, P〈0.01）. Since the 1980s there was no significant difference in survival rates of patients who received a radical mastectomy compared to a modified radical mastectomy（P〉0.05）. Of the 73 patients who underwent breast conservative therapy, no local recurrence or metastasis occurred during a maximal follow-up of 17 years. Of the patients in stage T2- T4, the 5-, and 10-year survival rates were significantly higher in the group treated with adjuvant chemotherapy compared to the non-chemotherapy group （78.2% vs. 60.1%, and 48.9% vs. 30.7%, P〈0.01 ）. CONCLUSION According to our data, breast cancer most frequently occurred in patients of ages 45-49 years. The TNM stage （especially the lymph node status） relates to breast cancer prognosis. The prognosis was worse in patients with positive lymph nodes compared to the patients with negative lymph nodes. The efficacy of a modified radical mastectomy is equal to that of a radical mastectomy, and breast conservative therapy can be applied to patients in an early stage. Adjuvant chemotherapy and endocrine therapy can improve the survival of resectable breast cancer patients.展开更多
基金Supported by the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Research Grant, UAE University, United Arab Emirates
文摘To investigate the effects of leptin （1-20μg/kg） on acidified ethanol （AE）- and indomethacin （Indo）-induced gastric lesions in rats and compare it with ranitidine, lansoprazole, and omeprazole and to determine its mechanisms of actions.METHODS： Gastric ulcers, which were approximately 1 mm in width, formed in the glandular portion of the gastric mucosa produced by oral administration of either AE or Indo were taken as ulcer index. The inhibitory effect of subcutaneous administration of leptin, two proton pump inhibitors （PPIs） lansoprazole and omeprazole, or H2-receptor antagonist ranitidine 30 min before AE or Indo was evaluated.A radioimmunoassay was used to determine the PGE2 concentration in the homogenate of the glandular portion of the stomach. We performed histological study of the glandular stomach for the evaluation of total, acidic, and sulfated mucus content.RESULTS： Subcutaneous administration of leptin, two PPI slansoprazole and omeprazole or H2-receptor antagonist ranitidine 30 min before AE or Indo produced a dosedependent and reproducible inhibition of gastric ulcers （GUs）. This inhibition was found to be more potent than other antagonists used. In N^G-nitro L-arginine methyl ester （L-NAME）-pretreated animals, the ulcer prevention ability of leptin in AE-induced ulcer was significantly reduced,compared to rats without L-NAME pretreatment. However,the ulcer prevention ability of leptin was not altered by L-NAME treatment in Indo-induced ulcers. Leptin produced a dose-dependent increase in PGE2 level in the gastric glandular tissues. Leptin also increased mucus secretion.CONCLUSION： The results of the present study show that leptin inhibits GU formation by AE or Indo in a dosedependent and reproducible manner in rats. The results also suggest that leptin prevents ulcer formation by increasing the activities of the cyclo-oxygenase and/or nitric oxide pathways and by increasing mucus secretion.
文摘OBJECTIVE In Europe and America breast cancer commonly occurs in women of middle and old age, with a median age of about 57 years. Modified radical mastectomy now called standard radical mastectomy, has taken the place of traditional radical mastectomy. Patients with breast cancer at an early stage commonly receive BCT （breast conservative therapy）. The TNM stage （especially the lymph node status） affects the prognosis, and adjuvant therapy can improve survival. In China, only a few reports have been published studying large numbers of breast cancer patients. This study was designed to analyze the clinical features, surgical pattern and treatment outcome of resectable breast cancer, as well as to explore the prognostic factors and the effect of adjuvant therapy, with a goal to improve the level of diagnosis and treatment. METHODS Records of the 6,263 patients with resectable breast cancer who had been admitted into our hospital from June 1964 to June 2003 were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS Of the 6,263 cases, 98.8% were female. Breast cancer occurred most frequently in patients of ages 40-49 years （41.0%）, especially in patients 45-49 years old （25.2%）. A breast lump, which occurred in 96.2% of the patients, was the main clinical manifestation. The overall 5- and 10-year survival rates were 75.16% and 40.44%. Of the patients in TNM stages 0-1, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ, the 5-year survival rates were 96.8%, 73.7% and 46.4% respectively and the 10-year survival rates were 78.7%, 64.6% and 33.5% respectively. The 5-, and 10-year survival rates were higher in the lymph node negative group than in the lymph node positive group （80.3% vs. 55.6%, and 59.2% vs. 31.9%, P〈0.01）. Since the 1980s there was no significant difference in survival rates of patients who received a radical mastectomy compared to a modified radical mastectomy（P〉0.05）. Of the 73 patients who underwent breast conservative therapy, no local recurrence or metastasis occurred during a maximal follow-up of 17 years. Of the patients in stage T2- T4, the 5-, and 10-year survival rates were significantly higher in the group treated with adjuvant chemotherapy compared to the non-chemotherapy group （78.2% vs. 60.1%, and 48.9% vs. 30.7%, P〈0.01 ）. CONCLUSION According to our data, breast cancer most frequently occurred in patients of ages 45-49 years. The TNM stage （especially the lymph node status） relates to breast cancer prognosis. The prognosis was worse in patients with positive lymph nodes compared to the patients with negative lymph nodes. The efficacy of a modified radical mastectomy is equal to that of a radical mastectomy, and breast conservative therapy can be applied to patients in an early stage. Adjuvant chemotherapy and endocrine therapy can improve the survival of resectable breast cancer patients.
