浅论阴为体阳为用

阴阳是一个整体，不可分，“火神派”将人体的阳气比喻成太阳系的一丸太阳，认为太阳是纯阳无阴的，试想没有氢气作为阴物质的基础，何来核聚变的阳性表现；阴就是机体的物质保障系统，阳就是机体的动力保障系统，动力保障系统就是物质保障系统的外在表现；“火神派”一味的强调用“桂、附、姜”补阳，认为“桂、附、姜”纯阳无阴，别忘了阳性也是相应的阴物质的外在表现，“桂、附、姜”的热性是它们为了适应外在寒的环境而产生的，它们的阳热性离不开阴物质。

内经“阳为主导”在临床上的应用

《内经》一书,从生理、病理、临床及摄生等方面论述了阳气在人体中的重要性。如《素问·生气通天论》说:'阳气者,若天与日失其所则折寿而不彰,故天运当以日光明。是故阳因而上,卫外者也。''凡阴阳之要,阳密乃固……,故阳强不能密,阴气乃绝,阴平阳密,精神乃治,阴阳离绝,精气乃绝。'指出阳气在人体中起着卫外、抗御外邪和对人体具有温养作用。阴阳的平衡协调是人体健康的条件。

Effect of Potassium Oleate on Rheological Behavior of Cationic Guar in Aqueous Solution with Varying Temperatures

The rheology of the cationic guar （CG） solution was measured and the effects of potassium oleate （KOA） upon the rheological properties of CG solution were studied. The steady shear viscosity measurement has shown that the viscosity of CG solution increased dramatically in the presence of KOA. The viscosity enhancement of KOA upon CG solution can be approximate three orders in magnitude. The gel-like formation of CG solution is observed at the high concentration of KOA. The excess addition of KOA results in the phase separation of CG solution. The oscillatory rheological measurement has shown that the crossover modulus Gc （corresponding to either storage modulus G＇ or loss modulus G＇＇ at the frequency wc where G＇ equals G＇＇） for CG solution, decreases with the increasing the concentration of KOA in solution. On the other hand, the apparent relaxation time 7-app （=1/wc） increases with increasing the concentration of KOA in solution. Our experimental results suggest that for surfaetant such as KOA which has a stronger tendency to form micelles in solution, the cooperative hydrophobic interaction of polymer bound to surfactants is less necessary to the formation of aggregates in solution, especially at the high concentration of surfactants. In fact, with the increase of the concentration of KOA, the number of the aggregates which associate polymer together decreases whereas the intensity of these aggregates increases. The effect of temperature upon the aggregation is also significant. With the increase of temperature, the number of the aggregates increases whereas the intensity of these aggregates decreases, probably because the ionization of KOA increases at high temperature.

一阴一阳之谓道——阴阳观念及其“置换变形”与兰(蕙)

恩格斯关于人类有两种“生产”的论述,是中华“阴阳”观念产生的依据。先秦儒家孔孟未涉及阴阳和兰蕙,至《荀子》之言“兰”,旨在明“礼”。此前屈原视兰蕙为“君子”,其阴阳与之无直接关系。阴阳观念对于《易》学的贡献,落到了道家的身上。发端于《老子》的“道”的阴阳“气”说,经《庄子》的发挥提升以及《易传》的系统深化,遂将“天道”推及于人事,解释大千世界。“阴阳”由此成为中国传统哲学最基本的范畴和根本法则。《易传》的“阴阳合德”至汉武以后演为“阳为阴纲”,其“原型”(阴阳)的“置换变形”,可以儒家的礼制和文人诗文中的“兰蕙”为证。此乃以今人的立场,借古人的眼光,对“一阴一阳之谓道”的“生生”《易》理作尝试性的诠释。