接闪阳极参数对雷电弧材料损伤数值分析的影响

接闪材料遭受雷电直击损伤的数值分析中尚不清楚阴极-放电电弧-阳极结构下材料参数对损伤分析的影响。为此,该文以飞机常用金属和复合蒙皮材料为研究对象,基于热等离子体电弧的磁流体动力学理论,建立雷电电弧的电-磁-热-力多场分析及其与材料的耦合模型,研究不同材料参数对雷电弧材料损伤数值分析的影响。结果表明,接闪阳极材料的电导率和热导率变化会改变电弧-材料界面的电流和能量分布及其耦合过程,影响各过程对材料致损的贡献。接闪材料表面的洛伦兹力、磁感应强度和电流密度随着电导率和热导率变化0.1~20倍时,其峰值最大可分别改变622.2%、172.5%和63.5%,峰值位置最大可分别变化-54.8%、59.4%和-53.1%。该文可为接闪材料的雷击损伤数值分析和耐受能力改进提供参考。

埋地管道阴极保护系统辅助阳极参数优化研究

阴极保护是抑制管道电化学腐蚀的重要手段,其电位的分布情况直接影响着管道保护效果。以西北某成品油输油站为例,利用COMSOL Multiphysics仿真软件研究管道阴极保护电位的分布规律,分析确定了影响管道阴极保护电位分布的主要因素是辅助阳极的埋设位置和输出电流值;并且通过电化学试验分析得到了L360管线钢在该成品油输油站模拟土壤溶液的最佳保护电位。然后以阳极数量、阳极敷设位置和阳极输出电流值为优化目标建立目标函数,利用模拟退火算法搜索出最佳阳极数量,最佳阳极位置和最佳阳极输出电流值。最后根据管道实际保护电位验证了优化方案的可行性,结果证明该方法对阴极保护设计有一定的参考价值。

阳极氧化参数对TiO_2薄膜结晶行为影响的研究进展

阳极氧化技术制备的功能性TiO2薄膜材料因其良好的耐腐蚀性、光催化活性及生物相容性,被广泛应用于腐蚀防护、光催化、太阳能电池及生物工程等领域。钛表面阳极氧化膜的应用性能与其结构密切相关,相较于无定形结构的TiO2,结晶的TiO2具有更高的光催化活性和更好的生物相容性。本文综述了氧化电位、电解液、氧化方式及时间等阳极氧化参数对钛表面氧化物薄膜结晶行为的影响,并分别讨论了各种因素对TiO2结晶的影响机理。在钛阳极氧化过程中,氧化电位的增加、温度的升高、氧化时间的延长以及电解液浓度的增加都有利于TiO2薄膜的结晶,而杂质离子的侵入及氧化膜生长速率的提高则不利于钛氧化物的结晶。

牺牲阳极设计及应用

主要介绍牺牲阳极保护的原理和计算应用。

Anodizing parameters for superheated slurry cast 7075 aluminum alloys

The anodizing parameters of voltage, current density, temperature, and electrolyte choice were assessed to find an appropriate combination for the superheated slurry cast 7075 Al alloy substrate.The alloy was anodized in sulfuric acid electrolyte or alternatively in sulfuric acid mixed with boric acid or citric acid. The voltages applied were in the range of 15-30 V. Anodizing current densities tested were 2 and 3 A/dm^2,while temperatures tested were 5 and 15 ℃. Thickness, surface morphology, hardness,and corrosion resistance of the oxide film were then evaluated.It was found that 25 V,2 A/dm^2 and 5 ℃ were suitable for this alloy when anodized in sulfuric acid. The oxide film was smooth with uniform thickness, low porosity, high hardness,and had the highest corrosion resistance at these parameters. However, discontinuous oxide films were observed from samples anodized at higher temperature of 15 ℃.Alternative electrolytes considered were sulfuric acid mixed with boric acid or citric acid. The results showed that electrolytes with boric acid or citric acid increased thickness, hardness, corrosion resistance and quality of the oxide films.However, these oxide films were inferior to those obtained with sulfuric acid electrolyte at lower temperature(25 V, 2 A/dm^2 and5 ℃).

Geometric Design of Anode-Supported Micro-Tubular Solid Oxide Fuel Cells by Multiphysics Simulations

High volumetric power density （VPD） is the basis for the commercial success of micro-tubular solid oxide fuel cells （mtSOFCs）. To find maximal VPD （MVPD） for anode-supported mtSOFC （as-mtSOFC）, the effects of geometric parameters on VPD are analyzed and the anode thickness, tan, and the cathode length, lea, are identified as the key design parameters. Thermo-fluid electrochemical models were built to examine the dependence of the electrical output on the cell parameters. The multiphysics model is validated by reproducing the experimental I-V curves with no adjustable parameters. The optimal lea and the corresponding MVPDs are then determined by the multiphysics model for 20 combinations of rin, the inner tube radius, and tan. And all these optimization are made at 1073.15 K. The results show that： （i） significant performance improvement may be achieved by geometry optimization, （ii） the seemingly high MVPD of 11 and 14 W/cm^3 can be easily realized for as-mtSOFC with single- and double-terminal anode current collection, respectively. Moreover, the variation of the area specific power density with/cac（2 mm, 40 mm） is determined for three representative （tin, tan） combinations. Besides, it is demonstrated that the current output of mtSOFC with proper geometric parameters is comparable to that of planar SOFC.

Effects of electric parameters on corrosion resistance of anodic coatings formed on magnesium alloys

Anodic coatings were obtained by micro-arc oxidation on AZ91HP magnesium alloys in a solution containing 10 g/L NaOH and 8 g/L phytic acid.The effects of electric parameters including frequency,final voltage,duty cycle and current density on the corrosion resistance of anodic coatings formed on the magnesium alloys were investigated by using an orthogonal experiment of four factors with three levels.The results show that the final voltage plays a main role on the coating properties.The orders of affecting corrosion resistance and coating thickness are separately ranked from high to low as,final voltage>duty cycle>current density>frequency and final voltage>current density>frequency>duty cycle.The final voltage influences the corrosion resistance of the anodized samples mainly by changing the surface morphology and coating thickness.

Effect of Anodization Parameters on Morphologies of TiO2 Nanotube Arrays and Their Surface Properties

This work presents the potentiostatic anodization study of titania nanotube array films fabricated in fluoride-based organic electrolytes including DEG （diethylene glycol） and EG （ethylene glycol）. The work focuses on the effect of important anodization parameters such as applied voltage, anodization time, and electrolyte type on nanotube morphologies and corresponding surface properties. Depending upon unique nanotube formation structures obtained from each anodizing electrolyte, wettability of the nanotube array layer has been determined by means of the contact angle measurement. The EG nanotube array films with close-packing cell orientation are found to show hydrophilic behavior. While the well separated DEG nanotube array films are found to exhibit hydrophobic behavior, with the characteristics of more discrete, wider cell separation obtained through manipulating the electrolyte conditions and the fabrication techniques offering considerable prospects for developing the superhydrophobic sample surface. Such formation structures observed for the DEG fabricated nanotube is believed to play a prominent role in determining the surface wettability of the anodized nanotube array film. The achieved result in this work is anticipated to pave the way to other relevant applications, where interfacial properties are critically concerned.

Influence of the operating parameters over the current efficiency and corrosion rate in the Hall–Heroult aluminum cell with tin oxide anode substrate material

A systematic laboratory study was conducted on current efficiency and corrosion obtained in cryolite-alumina melts with SnO2-Sb203-CuO ceramic inert anodes. The current efficiency （CE） was determined by measuring the total amount of oxygen evolved at the anode and was found to be ~ 95%. The influence of operating parameters （inter-elec- trode distance, temperature and current density） was evaluated. The quantitative interdependencies as well as the ranges of CE optima[ values were established （2-3 cm, 940-960 ℃ and 0.7-0.8 A.cm 2）. The corrosion process of these anodes was evaluated by the mass loss method. The evaluation also took care of the corrosion data, as the prob- lem of the anode corrosion appeared to be the main obstacle for the use of those anodes in the commercial cells.Low-ering of the ACD up to 2 cm did not aggravate anode corrosion.

Investigation of shunt solar cells’ currents based on equivalent circuit model

In view of the universality of the parallel connection of solar cells and their mismatch problem, in the present paper, we select two shunt solar cells (connected in parallel) as our research object, and use the equivalent one-diode circuit of the solar cell and the analysis of the two-body model. At first, the equations of current and voltage are deduced from the related electrical laws and the circuit diagram of the two solar cells connected in parallel. Then, according to the experimentally measured data of typical single-crystalline silicon solar cells (125 mm×125 mm), we select the appropriate simulation parameters. Following this, by using the photo-generated current, the shunt resistance, and the serial resistance of one of the shunt solar cells and the load resistance as independent variables, in turn, the changing characteristics of each branch current in the two shunt solar cells are numerically discussed and analyzed for these four cases for the first time. At the same time, we provide a simple physical explanation for the modeling results. Our analyses show that these parameters have different impacts on the internal currents of solar cells connected in parallel. These results provide a reference to solve the problem of connecting solar cells and to develop higher efficiency solar cells and systems. Meanwhile, the results will contribute to a better comprehension of the reasons for efficiency loss of solar cells and systems, and deepen the understanding of the electrical of solar cells behavior for high performance photovoltaic applications.