关于《独学韩语大成》命令句中出现的朝鲜语阶称及其日语对译样态的研究

朝鲜语阶称体现着人与人在交谈活动中表现的语言礼仪,揭示着说话者与听者的上下尊卑关系,是朝鲜语特有的语法范畴。因此在要求对方做出某种行为时,阶称的正确使用显得极为重要。在开化期刊行的朝鲜语学习书《独学韩语大成》呈现着现代朝鲜语形成时期的语言特征,文献中出现的朝鲜语阶称亦与今时有着不同的使用样态。本文以《独学韩语大成》中出现的命令句为统计对象,对文献中出现的朝鲜语阶称及其日语对译样态进行了考察研究。

Symmetry Reductions of Cauchy Problems for Fourth-Order Quasi-Linear Parabolic Equations

This paper is devoted to studying symmetry reduction of Cauchy problems for the fourth-order quasi-linear parabolic equations that admit certain generalized conditional symmetries （GCSs）. Complete group classification results are presented, and some examples are given to show the main reduction procedure.

Fractional Birkhoffian Dynamics Based on Quasi-fractional Dynamics Models and Its Lie Symmetry

In order to investigate the dynamic behavior of non-conservative systems,the Lie symmetries and conserved quantities of fractional Birkhoffian dynamics based on quasi-fractional dynamics model are proposed and studied.The quasi-fractional dynamics model here refers to the variational problem based on the definition of RiemannLiouville fractional integral(RLFI),the variational problem based on the definition of extended exponentially fractional integral(EEFI),and the variational problem based on the definition of fractional integral extended by periodic laws(FIEPL).First,the fractional Pfaff-Birkhoff principles based on quasi-fractional dynamics models are established,and the corresponding Birkhoff’s equations and the determining equations of Lie symmetry are obtained.Second,for fractional Birkhoffian systems based on quasi-fractional models,the conditions and forms of conserved quantities are given,and Lie symmetry theorems are proved.The Pfaff-Birkhoff principles,Birkhoff’s equations and Lie symmetry theorems of quasi-fractional Birkhoffian systems and classical Birkhoffian systems are special cases of this article.Finally,some examples are given.

Asymmetric Response of the South China Sea SST to El Nio and La Nia

The interannual variability of the sea surface temperature （SST） in the South China Sea （SCS） is investigated according to its relationship with E1 Nifio/La Nifia （EN/LN） using monthly products from ICOADS. The SCS SST bears two peaks associated with EN/LN and shows the asymmetric features. Coinciding with the mature phase of EN/LN, the first SST warming/cooling peaks in December（0）-February（1） （DJF（1）） and centers in the southern part. The major difference is in the amplitude associated with the strength of EN/LN. However, the SCS SST anomaly shows distinct difference after the mature phase of EN/LN. The EN SST warm- ing develops a mid-summer peak in June-August（1） （JJA（1）） and persists up to September-October（l）, with the same amplitude of the first warming peak. Whereas the LN SST cooling peaks in May（l）, it decays slowly until the end of the year, with amplitude much weaker. Comparing with SST and atmospheric circulations, the weak response and early termination of the second cooling is due to the failure of the cyclonic wind anomalies to develop in the northwest Pacific during JJA（1）.

Kac-Moody-Virasoro Symmetry Algebra of (2+1)-Dimensional Dispersive Long-Wave Equation with Arbitrary Order Invariant

By Lie symmetry method, the Lie point symmetries and its Kac-Moody-Virasoro (KMV) symmetry algebra of (2+1)-dimensional dispersive long-wave equation (DLWE) are obtained, and the finite transformation of DLWE is given by symmetry group direct method, which can recover Lie point symmetries. Then KMV symmetry algebra of DLWE with arbitrary order invariant is also obtained. On basis of this algebra the group invariant solutions and similarity reductions are also derived.

A truncated implicit high-order finite-difference scheme combined with boundary conditions

In this paper, first we calculate finite-difference coefficients of implicit finite- difference methods （IFDM） for the first and second-order derivatives on normal grids and first- order derivatives on staggered grids and find that small coefficients of high-order IFDMs exist. Dispersion analysis demonstrates that omitting these small coefficients can retain approximately the same order accuracy but greatly reduce computational costs. Then, we introduce a mirrorimage symmetric boundary condition to improve IFDMs accuracy and stability and adopt the hybrid absorbing boundary condition （ABC） to reduce unwanted reflections from the model boundary. Last, we give elastic wave modeling examples for homogeneous and heterogeneous models to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed scheme.

Study of （2＋1）-Dimensional Higher-Order Broer-Kaup System

Painleve property and infinite symmetries of the （2＋1）-dimensional higher-order Broer-Kaup （HBK） system are studied in this paper. Using the modified direct method, we derive the theorem of general symmetry gro.ups to （2＋1）-dimensional HBK system. Based on our theorem, some new forms of solutions are obtained. We also find infinite number of conservation laws of the （2＋1）-dimensional HBK system.

Electrical Neutrality and Symmetry Restoring Phase Transitions at High Density in a Two-Flavor Nambu-Jona-Lasinio Model

A general research on chiral symmetry restoring phase transitions at zero temperature and finite chemical potentials under electrical neutrality condition has been conducted in a Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model to describe twoflavor normal quark matter. Depending on whether mo/A, the ratio of dynamical quark mass in vacuum and the 3D momentum cutoff in the loop integrals, is less or greater than 0.413, the phase transition will be of the second or first order. A complete phase diagram of u quark chemical potential versus mo is given. With the electrical neutrality constraint, the region where the second order phase transition happens will be wider than the one without electrical neutrality limitation. The results also show that, for the value ofmo/A from QCD phenomenology, the phase transition must be of the first order.

Particle Density in Zero Temperature Symmetry Restoring Phase Transitions in Four-Fermion Interaction Models

By means of critical behaviors of the dynamical fermion mass in four-fermion interaction models, we show by explicit calculations that when T = 0 the particle density will have a discontinuous jumping across the critical chemical potential μc in 2D and 3D Gross-Neveu (GN) model and these physically explain the first-order feature of the corresponding symmetry restoring phase transitions. For the second-order phase transitions in the 3D GN model when T → 0 and in 4D Nambu–Jona–Lasinio (NJL) model when T = 0, it is proven that the particle density itself will be continuous across μc but its derivative over the chemical potential μ will have a discontinuous jumping. The results give a physical explanation of implications of the tricritical point in the 3D GN model. The discussions also show effectiveness of the critical analysis approach of phase transitions.

Ermakov System and Plane Curve Motions in Affine Geometries

It is shown that the Pinney equation, Ermakov systems, and their higher-order generalizations describeself-similar solutions of plane curve motions in centro-affine and affine geometries.

Single Platform Integration Environment for Turbine Rotor Design and Analysis

The present article covers briefly state of the art software interoperability technical solutions and the development of the first module of a new single platform D ＆ A （design ＆ analysis） tool for simulation and prediction of stress and burst behavior of turbine rotating disc a preliminary design stage. This platform singularity requires integration of multiple CAD （computer assisted design） ＆ FEA （finite element analysis） tools processing in batch mode and driven from a SPIE （single platform integration environment）. This first module is also to demonstrate, for an axial turbine disc hub axi-symmetric component, feasibility and usefulness of such a platform at preliminary design stage. Expected benefits of the D ＆ A single platform are to improve output accuracy, reduce cycle time, improve process quality and improve resource productivity.

韩国语教学中语言规范问题分析

在韩国语教学中发现学生容易出现"中国式"韩语、韩国语分写法使用不当、韩语尊敬阶称使用错误等问题,为了使学生对韩语的运用更加规范,应增加韩文原著的阅读量,严格遵守分写法和尊敬阶称的使用规则,保持阶称统一性,并注重特殊情景时尊敬阶称的变化。

Lee discrepancy on asymmetrical factorials with two-and three-levels

Lee discrepancy has been employed to measure the uniformity of fractional factorials.In this paper,we further study the statistical justification of Lee discrepancy on asymmetrical factorials.We will give an expression of the Lee discrepancy of asymmetrical factorials with two-and three-levels in terms of quadric form,present a connection between Lee discrepancy,orthogonality and minimum moment aberration,and obtain a lower bound of Lee discrepancy of asymmetrical factorials with two-and three-levels.

Lie Symmetry Analysis, Conservation Laws and Exact Power Series Solutions for Time-Fractional Fordy–Gibbons Equation

In this paper, the time fractional Fordy–Gibbons equation is investigated with Riemann–Liouville derivative. The equation can be reduced to the Caudrey–Dodd–Gibbon equation, Savada–Kotera equation and the Kaup–Kupershmidt equation, etc. By means of the Lie group analysis method, the invariance properties and symmetry reductions of the equation are derived. Furthermore, by means of the power series theory, its exact power series solutions of the equation are also constructed. Finally, two kinds of conservation laws of the equation are well obtained with aid of the self-adjoint method.

Lie group classification of the N-th-order nonlinear evolution equations

In this paper, Lie group classification to the N-th-order nonlinear evolution equation Ut ： UNx ＋ F（x, t, u, ux, . . . , U（N-1）x）is performed. It is shown that there are three, nine, forty-four and sixty-one inequivalent equations admitting one-, two-, three- and four-dimensionM solvable Lie algebras, respectively. We also prove that there are no semisimple Lie group 50（3） as the symmetry group of the equation, and only two realizations oral（2, R） are admitted by the equation. The resulting invariant equations contain both the well-known equations and a variety of new ones.

Symmetry of solutions for a fractional system

We consider a pseudo-differential system involving different fractional orders. Through an iteration method, we obtain the key ingredients—the maximum principles—of the method of moving planes. Then we derive symmetry on non-negative solutions without any decay assumption at infinity.

Invariant Functions, Symmetries and Primary Branch Solutions of First Order Autonomous Systems

An invariant function （IF） is defined as a multiplier of a symmetry that means a symmetry multiplied by an IF is still a symmetry. Primary branch solutions of arbitrary first order scalar systems can be obtained by means of the IF and its related symmetry approach. Especially, one recursion operator and some sets of infinitely many high order symmetries are also explicitly given for arbitrary （l q-1）-dimensional first order autonomous systems. Because of the intrusion of the arbitrary function, various implicit special exact solutions can be found by fixing the arbitrary functions and selecting different seed solutions.

Lie Symmetries,Conservation Laws and Explicit Solutions for Time Fractional Rosenau–Haynam Equation

Under investigation in this paper is the invariance properties of the time fractional Rosenau-Haynam equation, which can be used to describe the formation of patterns in liquid drops. By using the Lie group analysis method, the vector fields and symmetry reductions of the equation are derived, respectively. Moreover, based on the power series theory, a kind of explicit power series solutions for the equation are well constructed with a detailed derivation. Finally, by using the new conservation theorem, two kinds of conservation laws of the equation are well constructed with a detailed derivation.

Nonlocal Symmetry Reductions, CTE Method and Exact Solutions for Higher-Order KdV Equation

The nonlocal symmetries for the higher-order KdV equation are obtained with the truncated Painlev6 method. The nonlocal symmetries can be localized to the Lie point symmetries by introducing suitable prolonged systems. The finite symmetry transformations and similarity reductions for the prolonged systems are computed. Moreover, the consistent tanh expansion （CTE） method is applied to the higher-order KdV equation. These methods lead to some novel exact solutions of the higher-order KdV system.

Uniformity Pattern of Asymmetric Fractional Factorials

The objective of this paper is to discuss the issue of the projection uniformity of asymmetric fractional factorials.On the basis of Lee discrepancy,the authors define the projection Lee discrepancy to measure the uniformity for low-dimensional projection designs.Moreover,the concepts of uniformity pattern and minimum projection uniformity criterion are proposed,which can be used to assess and compare two and three mixed levels factorials.Statistical justification of uniformity pattern is also investigated.