细胞膜和核膜跨膜电位的计算是实现电穿孔效应准确预测的关键所在。基于球形细胞全电路等效模型,引入介电参数阶跃模型来表征细胞膜的电穿孔效应,定量计算了包含细胞膜电穿孔效应的细胞膜和核膜跨膜电位的幅频特性。结果表明:频率大于10...细胞膜和核膜跨膜电位的计算是实现电穿孔效应准确预测的关键所在。基于球形细胞全电路等效模型,引入介电参数阶跃模型来表征细胞膜的电穿孔效应,定量计算了包含细胞膜电穿孔效应的细胞膜和核膜跨膜电位的幅频特性。结果表明:频率大于104 Hz的脉冲电场作用时细胞膜的跨膜电位明显减小,尤其当频率大于108 Hz时,细胞膜的跨膜电位减小7 d B;频率小于106 Hz的脉冲电场作用时核膜的跨膜电位将显著增加,尤其当频率小于102 Hz时,核膜的跨膜电位增加高达19 d B。因此,当脉冲电场作用于生物细胞时,引入电穿孔效应才能准确揭示其跨膜电位的规律。展开更多
A periodic one-dimensional four-state hopping model is proposed. In the model, the substeps between arbitrary adjacent states are unequal, and an explicit solution of the master equation is first obtained for the pro...A periodic one-dimensional four-state hopping model is proposed. In the model, the substeps between arbitrary adjacent states are unequal, and an explicit solution of the master equation is first obtained for the probability distribution as a function of the time and position for any initial distribution with all the transients included. Next, the transient behaviors in the initial period of time and the characteristic time to reach the steady state for the molecular motor are discussed. Finally, we compare the steady state results to experiments and illustrate qualitatively the kinetic behaviors of a molecular motor under external load F.展开更多
The control of ultra-supercritical(USC) power unit is a difficult issue for its characteristic of the nonlinearity, large dead time and coupling of the unit. In this paper, model predictive control(MPC) based on multi...The control of ultra-supercritical(USC) power unit is a difficult issue for its characteristic of the nonlinearity, large dead time and coupling of the unit. In this paper, model predictive control(MPC) based on multi-model and double layered optimization is introduced for coordinated control of USC unit. The linear programming(LP) combined with quadratic programming(QP) is used in steady optimization for computation of the ideal value of dynamic optimization. Three inputs(i.e. valve opening, coal flow and feedwater flow) are employed to control three outputs(i.e. load, main steam temperature and main steam pressure). The step response models for the dynamic matrix control(DMC) are constructed using the three inputs and the three outputs. Piecewise models are built at selected operation points. Double-layered multi-model predictive controller is implemented in simulation with satisfactory performance.展开更多
The paper represents very simple procedure of identification, based on step response of the process. Results of identification are extended Strejc＇s models （named ZenanX model, models with n equivalent time constant...The paper represents very simple procedure of identification, based on step response of the process. Results of identification are extended Strejc＇s models （named ZenanX model, models with n equivalent time constants and delay time）. Described mathematically proved equations which show an easy way of filtering and differentiation step response with the help of the data window. It also supports the contention that the point of intersection of tangent to the integrated step response and the X axis represents the sum of time constants and delay time, and showed the method （named ZenoX method） of determining Strej c extended model. For the determination of the impulse response （important for definition of models） are used orthonormal functions （Laguerre）. Simulations are made in the package Matlab. The paper represents results from numerous simulations. The method allows simple and rapid extraction of the Extended Strejc model （ZenanX model）, which is often used to adjust the controllers. Through the simulations of the procedure of removing noise from measured step response is described.展开更多
文摘细胞膜和核膜跨膜电位的计算是实现电穿孔效应准确预测的关键所在。基于球形细胞全电路等效模型,引入介电参数阶跃模型来表征细胞膜的电穿孔效应,定量计算了包含细胞膜电穿孔效应的细胞膜和核膜跨膜电位的幅频特性。结果表明:频率大于104 Hz的脉冲电场作用时细胞膜的跨膜电位明显减小,尤其当频率大于108 Hz时,细胞膜的跨膜电位减小7 d B;频率小于106 Hz的脉冲电场作用时核膜的跨膜电位将显著增加,尤其当频率小于102 Hz时,核膜的跨膜电位增加高达19 d B。因此,当脉冲电场作用于生物细胞时,引入电穿孔效应才能准确揭示其跨膜电位的规律。
文摘A periodic one-dimensional four-state hopping model is proposed. In the model, the substeps between arbitrary adjacent states are unequal, and an explicit solution of the master equation is first obtained for the probability distribution as a function of the time and position for any initial distribution with all the transients included. Next, the transient behaviors in the initial period of time and the characteristic time to reach the steady state for the molecular motor are discussed. Finally, we compare the steady state results to experiments and illustrate qualitatively the kinetic behaviors of a molecular motor under external load F.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(60974119)
文摘The control of ultra-supercritical(USC) power unit is a difficult issue for its characteristic of the nonlinearity, large dead time and coupling of the unit. In this paper, model predictive control(MPC) based on multi-model and double layered optimization is introduced for coordinated control of USC unit. The linear programming(LP) combined with quadratic programming(QP) is used in steady optimization for computation of the ideal value of dynamic optimization. Three inputs(i.e. valve opening, coal flow and feedwater flow) are employed to control three outputs(i.e. load, main steam temperature and main steam pressure). The step response models for the dynamic matrix control(DMC) are constructed using the three inputs and the three outputs. Piecewise models are built at selected operation points. Double-layered multi-model predictive controller is implemented in simulation with satisfactory performance.
文摘The paper represents very simple procedure of identification, based on step response of the process. Results of identification are extended Strejc＇s models （named ZenanX model, models with n equivalent time constants and delay time）. Described mathematically proved equations which show an easy way of filtering and differentiation step response with the help of the data window. It also supports the contention that the point of intersection of tangent to the integrated step response and the X axis represents the sum of time constants and delay time, and showed the method （named ZenoX method） of determining Strej c extended model. For the determination of the impulse response （important for definition of models） are used orthonormal functions （Laguerre）. Simulations are made in the package Matlab. The paper represents results from numerous simulations. The method allows simple and rapid extraction of the Extended Strejc model （ZenanX model）, which is often used to adjust the controllers. Through the simulations of the procedure of removing noise from measured step response is described.
