《阿基拉和拼字比赛》:一部广受青少年喜爱的电影

《阿基拉和拼字比赛》不是一部典型的励志电影,情节也缺乏跌宕起伏,但是它却受到了广大青少年的钟爱。笔者认为,首先这部电影是阿基拉自由梦想实现的展示;其次,它充满了温情的描述,母亲、老师、弟兄、邻里;最后,这部电影中的教育理念富有极强的趣味性。正基于此,才确立了这部电影在青少年心目当中的地位。

从电影《阿基拉和拼字比赛》中挖掘元认知策略在英语词汇学习中的应用策略

词汇的学习对于语言的掌握而言至关重要,也是许多语言学习者遇到的难点之一。在美国电影《阿基拉和拼字比赛》(英文名《Akeelah and the Bee》)中也体现出对这一观点的赞同。在教授的指导下,黑人小女孩有效的通过元认知策略改善了自身在英语词汇方面学习的不足之处,在学习过程中不断的监控和完善自己,通过改进不足再进行一次又一次的调整,终于完成了词汇学习的目标。该文正是基于这部电影的实例,说明元认知策略对英语词汇学习具有非常大的裨益。

战后日本漫画中的“音喻”研究——以《阿基拉》为例

日本漫画在战后发展迅速,其新颖多变的表现形式受到了各国读者的青睐。战后日本漫画的一大特征是,广泛地运用“音喻”这一表现手法。“音喻”特指以手绘文字形式出现在漫画中的拟音?拟态词。其出现赋予了日本漫画更为丰富的表现力和独树一帜的魅力,已成为日本漫画不可或缺的组成部分。本文以大友克洋的《阿基拉》为例,深入分析了战后日本漫画中“音喻”的地位和作用,以及在“音喻”的翻译过程中存在的问题。

《阿基拉和拼字比赛》:美国中小学教育面面观

《阿基拉和拼字比赛》是一部小成本的励志电影。影片讲述了11岁黑人女孩阿基拉从自卑羞涩中走出,成长为拼字冠军的故事。影片透过阿基拉的视角,折射出美国中小学教育的方方面面。美国基础教育尊重学生个性,注重开发学生天赋和潜能,各种方法鼓励有天赋的学生开发潜能,校长对学生的校园活动参与度高。同时,与我国基础教育现状相同,也存在校际教学质量差异。另外,由于美国是移民国家,不同族裔对教育的态度差异较大。

Extraction Behavior and Wastewater Treatment of Amino Sulfonic Acid with Alamine 336

p-Amino benzene sulfonic acid (PABSA) is selected as the solute with amphoteric functional group, Lewis acid and Lewis base, to be separated from its dilute solutions. An aliphatic, straight chain amine, Alamine 336 , is used as the extractant, and kerosene, 1-octanol, chloroform, butyl acetate and benzene as the diluent. The effects of pH value of solution, extractant concentration, salt and types of diluent on the distribution coefficient, D, are studied. There is a peak of D value with pH value of solution, the polar diluents are favorable for extracting PABSA, and the salt in aqueous phase reduces values of D apparently. The extraction equilibrium is described using the mass action law, and the calculated data according to the proposed model agree with the experimental data well. Further, the extraction behavior for other amino benzene sulfonic acids, l-amino-8-naphtol-3,6-disulfonic acid (H acid) and 4,4'-diaminostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DSD acid), is investigated in a wide pH value region. Finally, H acid and DSD acid are successfully removed from wastewater by the extraction with Alamine 336.

Fishery stock assessment of Kiddi shrimp (Parapenaeopsis stylifera) in the Northern Arabian Sea Coast of Pakistan by using surplus production models

Pakistani marine waters are under an open access regime. Due to poor management and policy implications, blind fishing is continued which may result in ecological as well as economic losses. Thus, it is of utmost importance to estimate fishery resources before harvesting. In this study, catch and effort data, 1996-2009, of Kiddi shrimp Parapenaeopsis stylifera fishery from Pakistani marine waters was analyzed by using specialized fishery software in order to know fishery stock status of this commercially important shrimp. Maximum, minimum and average capture production ofP. stylifera was observed as 15 912 metric tons （mr） （1997）, 9 438 mt （2009） and 11 667 mt/a. Two stock assessment tools viz. CEDA （catch and effort data analysis） and ASPIC （a stock production model incorporating covariates） were used to compute MSY （maximum sustainable yield） of this organism. In CEDA, three surplus production models, Fox, Schaefer and Pella-Tomlinson, along with three error assumptions, log, log normal and gamma, were used. For initial proportion （IP） 0.8, the Fox model computed MSY as 6 858 nat （CV=0.204, R^2=0.709） and 7 384 mt （CV=0.149, R^2=0.72） for log and log normal error assumption respectively. Here, gamma error produced minimization failure. Estimated MSY by using Schaefer and Pella-Tomlinson models remained the same for log, log normal and gamma error assumptions i.e. 7 083 mt, 8 209 mt and 7 242 mt correspondingly. The Schafer results showed highest goodness of fit R2 （0.712） values. ASPIC computed MSY, CV, R2, FMsv and BMsv parameters for the Fox model as 7 219 nat, 0.142, 0.872, 0.111 and 65 280, while for the Logistic model the computed values remained 7 720 mt, 0.148, 0.868, 0.107 and 72 110 correspondingly. Results obtained have shown that P. stylifera has been overexploited. Immediate steps are needed to conserve this fishery resource for the future and research on other species of commercial importance is urgently needed.

Length-weight relationship of eleven species of marine catfishes from the northern Arabian Sea coast of Pakistan

This study records length-weight relationships （LWRs） for eleven commercially important marine catfish species of the family Ariidae （sea catfishes） and Plotosidae （eel catfishes） from the northern Arabian Sea coast of Pakistan. The specimens were sampled from December 2014 to November 2015, using bottom trawls with various mesh sizes by commercial vessels. The species were Nemapteryx caelatus, Sciades sona, Arius gagora, Batrachocephalus mino, Neturna thalassina, N. bilineata, Osteogeneiosus militaris, Plicofollis dussumieri, P. tenuispinis, Plotosus limbatus, and P. lineatus. Of the eleven species, two species A. gagora and N. bilineata were recorded for the first time and LWRs for four species A. gagora, N. bilineata, S. sona, and B. mino still have no data in the FishBase database. In addition, new maximum length for each of the three species N. bilineata, O. militaris andB. mino was also found.

The Italic School in Astronomy： From Pythagoras to Archimedes

It is argued that it has not yet been able to value the historical, philosophical and epistemological travail, represented by the filth and fourth centuries BC of the ancient Greek world, which preceded the highest scientific heritage, represented by the so-called golden age of Euclid, Archimedes and Apollonius, Ⅲ-Ⅱ century BC. Well, it is believed that with our complex concept of tradition of thought within which we insert not only epistemological concepts but also philosophical principles, historical and social frameworks, in stasis or in strong movement, processed by us, it is possible better interpret that happy moment of scientific constructions of the third and second century BC, as a result of the valorization of the deep travail and serious battle that preceded it between the fourth and fifth century BC. It is investigated in particular in our paper the development of astronomical thought between the fifth and fourth centuries BC, in the ancient Greek thought, and at last a particular presumed criticism by Archimedes in his Sandreckoner to Aristarchus.

Morphotaxonomy and seasonal distribution of planktonic and benthic Prorocentrales in Karachi waters,Pakistan Northern Arabian Sea

Morphotaxonomy and seasonal abundance of dinoflagellates of the genera Prorocentrum and Mesoporos （Prorocentrales） were studied from nutrient-rich waters, Karachi Harbor and the mouth of the Manora Channel, Pakistan during May 2002-July 2003. Using both light and scanning electron microscopy, 13 species of Prorocentrales were identified according to cell shape, size, ornamentation of thecal plates, and architecture of apical platelets, apical pore area, marginal pores, and intercalary bands. P. sigmoides, P. arcuatum, P. scutellum, P. donghaiense, P. balticum, P. minimum, P. emarginatum, P. lima, P. faustiae, and Mesoporos perforatus constitute new records for sindh coast of Pakistan. The most abundant species were P. minimum/P, balticum （4.5x103 cells/L）, P. micans （1.1~103 cells/L）, P. gracile/P, sigmoides （2.5 x 102 cells/L） and P. donghaiense （6.6 x 103 cells/L） at temperatures of 29-31 ~C and salinities of 35-40. Maximum abundance was observed in winter and lower abundance in summer. There was no significant change in the distribution of species between stations except for the benthic species which occurred close to Karachi Harbor waters. Significant positive correlations were observed between Prorocentrum spp. and temperature （R2=0.27） and negative correlations with salinity （R2=-0.32） except for P. minimum and P. emarginatum which has negative correlation with temperature （R2=-0.24） and positive with salinity （R2=0.08, 0.19）. The finding of potential okadaic-acid producing species of benthic Prorocentrum call for monitoring for possible human health problems in this region.

The West and the Middle East： Liberal Nationalism, Instrumental Nationalism

This paper argues that there is no real nationalism in the Middle East and if is, then it is an instrumental. The historical process of the region which relates to nationalism has had three stages： （1） the European conquest that forced the indigenous people to battle both for freedom and confront a secular idea such as nationalism; （2） arbitrarily marked borders by the West disregarding ethnic religious and tribal lines and affinity; （3） the creation of Arab nation states with no solid infrastructure of shared national values. This perspective can help understand current political developments in light of the Arab spring upheavals, in Iraq, Syria and Libya.

A Structural Analysis of the Writing Errors Committed by Foundation Students at Arab Open University, Oman

English is considered as Arab students＇ second language which is not used frequently in their daily conversations. Since writing in English is a challenging experience for Omani students, errors in grammar and sentence structures were identified in bridging language courses （foundation level 2） in the field of ESL （English as a Second Language}. Learners＇ errors were considered positively as the best sources to identify students＇ limitations in English writing. The present study investigates the structure errors of Omani students＇ writings in English in foundation level 2 at Arab Open University. The focal aim is to study the errors that Ornani students commit when they are using adjectives ＋ nouns, indefinite articles, and subordinate conjunction ＂because＂. Results show that Omani students committed the following common errors： misplacement of adjectives, omission of the indefinite articles, and wrong structure of the subordinate conjunction （because）. The prime aim of this study is to examine the students＇ aforementioned structural errors which are the result of the interference of their mother-tongue. In order to achieve these aims, students were asked to write two different topics. Finally, this research suggests further recommendations for further studies which might ameliorate students＇ learning by adopting appropriate strategies for teaching.

The Contrary Effect of Collaborative Writing on ESL Students＇ Vocabulary Acquisition

Writing task is an integral part of education in ESL （English as a Second Language） at the foundation level. It has been observed that foundation level 3 students of Arab Open University have an insufficient knowledge of vocabulary which is reflected on their writing, as their usage of vocabulary is confined to a number of limited common words. This research explores the effect of collaborative writing on students＇ vocabulary acquisition. All the writing tasks were related to educational topics in order to provide students with the lexical items related to the same subject. This study took place in one of the foundation level 3 classes at Arab Open University, Oman branch. Fourteen anonymous Arab students for whom English is considered as the second language participated in this study. All students are in the intermediate level of English language proficiency. For each writing task, five collocations were selected to be taught in the class over a period of five weeks. The achieved outcomes revealed contrary results to the previous studies that had shown the effective impact of collaborative writing. This study has discussed the contrary impact of collaborative writing on improving the learners＇ vocabulary acquisition in addition to the challenges students faced during collaborative writing task. Finally, this research provides recommendations for the effective collaborative writing in the foundation students＇ language proficiency.

大友克洋其人其作

《魔幻大战》(Harmagedon)是大友克洋的开山之作,在该片中首次担任人物设计一职,从此与动画片结下了不解之缘。AKIRA动画片在美国市场的大获成功标志着大友克洋正式投身于动画界,告别漫画领域。沉寂了16年的大友克洋再次创造日本动画纪录——其执导的《蒸汽男孩》(2004年)耗资24亿日元,成为日本有史以来最昂贵的动画片。

关于大友克洋的一切

大友克洋，一个日本动画迈向世界先驱的继承者。他是一名名副其实的科幻派大师，如果说把宫崎骏比成一位隐藏在山野里的浪漫主义诗人，那么大友克洋则是一名为了世界和平奋不顾身的超级未来战士。他的电影《阿基拉》是一部象名片一样的代表作，同时也成功的打入了美国市场。他是日本第一代动画电影总监、导演、也被誉为电影感最强的日本漫画家。

玩出来的渥太华奖

日本著名动画大师大友克洋于1988年推出的《阿基拉》影响了整整一代人，他缜密细致的画风在漫画界素有极高的评价，而作品中以不良少年做主角似乎是在暗示观众：这是你们的故事，未来要靠自己的双手去开拓。

Genetic basis for body size variation between an anadromous and two derived lacustrine populations of threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus in southwest Alaska

Body size is a highly variable trait among geographically separated populations. Size-assortative reproductive isolation has been linked to recent adaptive radiations of threespine stickleback （Gasterosteus aculeatus） into freshwater, but the genetic basis of the commonly found size differ- ence between anadromous and derived lacustrine sticklebacks has not been tested. We studied the genetic basis of size differences between recently diverging stickleback lineages in southwest Alaska using a common environment experiment. We crossed stickleback within one anadromous （Naknek River） and one lake （Pringle Lake） population and between the anadromous and two lake populations （Pringle and JoJo Lakes）, and raised them in a salinity of 4-6 ppt. The F1 anadromous and freshwater forms differed significantly in size, whereas hybrids were intermediate or exhibited dominance toward the anadromous form. Additionally, the size of freshwater Fls differed from their wild counterparts, with within-population Fls from Pringle Lake growing larger than their wild counterparts, while there was no size difference between lab-raised and wild anadromous fish. Sexual dimorphism was always present in anadromous fish, but not in freshwater, and not always in the hybrid crosses. These results, along with parallel changes among anadromous and fresh- water forms in other regions, suggest that this heritable trait is both plastic and may be under di- vergent and/or sexual selection.