andslide risk analysis is one of the primary studies providing essential instructions to the subsequent risk management process. The quantification of tangible and intangible potential losses is a critical step becau...andslide risk analysis is one of the primary studies providing essential instructions to the subsequent risk management process. The quantification of tangible and intangible potential losses is a critical step because it provides essential data upon which judgments can be made and policy can be formulated. This study aims at quantifying direct economic losses from debris flows at a medium scale in the study area in Italian Central Alps. Available hazard maps were the main inputs of this study. These maps were overlaid with information concerning elements at risk and their economic value. Then, a combination of both market and construction values was used to obtain estimates of future economic losses. As a result, two direct economic risk maps were prepared together with risk curves, useful to summarize expected monetary damage against the respective hazard probability. Afterwards, a qualitative risk map derived using a risk matrix officially provided by the set of laws issued by the regional government, was prepared. The results delimit areas of high economic as well as strategic importance which might be affected by debris flows in the future. Aside from limitations and inaccuracies inherently included in risk analysis process, identification of high risk areas allows local authorities to focus their attention on the “hot-spots”, where important consequences may arise and local （large） scale analysis needs to be performed with more precise cost-effectiveness ratio. The risk maps can be also used by the local authorities to increase population’s adaptive capacity in the disaster prevention process.展开更多
The political upheavals in the Arab world during 2011 challenged the political status quo and have irrevocably paved the way toward transformation in the Middle East and North Africa （MENA）, The longstanding structu...The political upheavals in the Arab world during 2011 challenged the political status quo and have irrevocably paved the way toward transformation in the Middle East and North Africa （MENA）, The longstanding structural impediments to equitable growth and social justice afflicting the Arab world came to a head through a combination of persistently poverty, high unemployment, particularly among educated youth, rampant corruption, deficit of democratic governance, and essential freedoms. Yemen is the third country of the Middle Eastern countries which turmoil sparked in. All the uprisings connote of social, political and economic discontent and frustration. The main question and issue of this paper is to answer： What conditions breed change to Yemen？ The paper spotlights ＂relative deprivation＂ of Ted Robert Gurr as the most relevant theory to illustrate roots of the Yemen uprising. Relative deprivation theory holds that instead of an absolute standard deprivation, a gap between expectations and reality leads men to political violence. Therefore, this study is to utilize relative deprivation theory to explain how socio-economic shortages （such as high unemployment and education, along with poverty） and political inefficiencies of the Yemen＇s authoritarian regime led to public and collective discontent and upheaval. The intervened variables such as ＂ethnicity, race, religion, and sexuality＂ and international parameters have not been considered,展开更多
Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of catgut embedding treatment on bilateral Zúsānlǐ（足三里ST 36） combined with Huangqi Ejiao decoction （黄芪阿胶汤） orally taken. Methods Patients with anemia due ...Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of catgut embedding treatment on bilateral Zúsānlǐ（足三里ST 36） combined with Huangqi Ejiao decoction （黄芪阿胶汤） orally taken. Methods Patients with anemia due to blood loss after major operation were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group. There were 30 cases in the control group which were treated by blood transfusion and 32 cases in the observation group which were treated by catgut embedding on bilateral Zúsānlǐ （足三里ST 36） after local anesthesia combined with oral administration of self-made Huangqi Ejiao decoction （黄芪阿胶汤）. The herbs included Huangqi （黄芪Radix Scutellariae Milk Veteh）10 g, Ejiao （阿胶Colla Corii Asini Donkey-hide Gelatin）10 g, Danggui （当归 Radix Angelicae Sinensin Chinese Angelica）10 g, Baizhu （白术 Radix A tractyloes Macrocephalae Large-headed Atractylodes） 10 g, Dangshen （ 党参 Radix Codonopsis Dangshen）20 g, Danshen （丹参 Salvia Miltiorrhiza Root of Red Rooted Salvia） 10 g, Honghua （ 红花 Carthamus Tinctorious Safflower） 10 g, Shudi （熟地 Rehmannia Glutinosa Prepared Rhizome of Rehmannia） 20 g, etc. After 1 d, 3 d, 7 d, 15 d, 21 d, RBC, Hb, IgM, IgG were tested. Results In the control group, Hb and RBC count immediately went up in the beginning, that peaked on the 7^th day and kept gently after. While in the observation group, there was a minimal increase in Hb and RBC in the beginning, followed by a sharp increase during 15-21 d, and peaked on the 21^th day. There was a significant difference between the observation group and the control group（P〈0.05）. While, the level of IgM, IgG rose markedly in the observation group, with a significant difference between the two groups （P〈O. 01）. Conclusion Catgut embedding treatment on bilateral Zúsānlǐ （足三里 ST 36） combined with oral administration of Huangqi Ejiao decoction （黄芪阿胶汤） can improve anemia due to blood loss after operation, and likewise increase the level of IgM and IgG.展开更多
基金supported by the Marie Curie Research and Training Network "Mountain Risks" funded by the European Commission (2007–2010, Contract MCRTN-35098).
文摘andslide risk analysis is one of the primary studies providing essential instructions to the subsequent risk management process. The quantification of tangible and intangible potential losses is a critical step because it provides essential data upon which judgments can be made and policy can be formulated. This study aims at quantifying direct economic losses from debris flows at a medium scale in the study area in Italian Central Alps. Available hazard maps were the main inputs of this study. These maps were overlaid with information concerning elements at risk and their economic value. Then, a combination of both market and construction values was used to obtain estimates of future economic losses. As a result, two direct economic risk maps were prepared together with risk curves, useful to summarize expected monetary damage against the respective hazard probability. Afterwards, a qualitative risk map derived using a risk matrix officially provided by the set of laws issued by the regional government, was prepared. The results delimit areas of high economic as well as strategic importance which might be affected by debris flows in the future. Aside from limitations and inaccuracies inherently included in risk analysis process, identification of high risk areas allows local authorities to focus their attention on the “hot-spots”, where important consequences may arise and local （large） scale analysis needs to be performed with more precise cost-effectiveness ratio. The risk maps can be also used by the local authorities to increase population’s adaptive capacity in the disaster prevention process.
文摘The political upheavals in the Arab world during 2011 challenged the political status quo and have irrevocably paved the way toward transformation in the Middle East and North Africa （MENA）, The longstanding structural impediments to equitable growth and social justice afflicting the Arab world came to a head through a combination of persistently poverty, high unemployment, particularly among educated youth, rampant corruption, deficit of democratic governance, and essential freedoms. Yemen is the third country of the Middle Eastern countries which turmoil sparked in. All the uprisings connote of social, political and economic discontent and frustration. The main question and issue of this paper is to answer： What conditions breed change to Yemen？ The paper spotlights ＂relative deprivation＂ of Ted Robert Gurr as the most relevant theory to illustrate roots of the Yemen uprising. Relative deprivation theory holds that instead of an absolute standard deprivation, a gap between expectations and reality leads men to political violence. Therefore, this study is to utilize relative deprivation theory to explain how socio-economic shortages （such as high unemployment and education, along with poverty） and political inefficiencies of the Yemen＇s authoritarian regime led to public and collective discontent and upheaval. The intervened variables such as ＂ethnicity, race, religion, and sexuality＂ and international parameters have not been considered,
基金Passed the evaluation of science and technology achievement by the Science and Technology Bureau of Dezhou City:No.55(2008)
文摘Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of catgut embedding treatment on bilateral Zúsānlǐ（足三里ST 36） combined with Huangqi Ejiao decoction （黄芪阿胶汤） orally taken. Methods Patients with anemia due to blood loss after major operation were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group. There were 30 cases in the control group which were treated by blood transfusion and 32 cases in the observation group which were treated by catgut embedding on bilateral Zúsānlǐ （足三里ST 36） after local anesthesia combined with oral administration of self-made Huangqi Ejiao decoction （黄芪阿胶汤）. The herbs included Huangqi （黄芪Radix Scutellariae Milk Veteh）10 g, Ejiao （阿胶Colla Corii Asini Donkey-hide Gelatin）10 g, Danggui （当归 Radix Angelicae Sinensin Chinese Angelica）10 g, Baizhu （白术 Radix A tractyloes Macrocephalae Large-headed Atractylodes） 10 g, Dangshen （ 党参 Radix Codonopsis Dangshen）20 g, Danshen （丹参 Salvia Miltiorrhiza Root of Red Rooted Salvia） 10 g, Honghua （ 红花 Carthamus Tinctorious Safflower） 10 g, Shudi （熟地 Rehmannia Glutinosa Prepared Rhizome of Rehmannia） 20 g, etc. After 1 d, 3 d, 7 d, 15 d, 21 d, RBC, Hb, IgM, IgG were tested. Results In the control group, Hb and RBC count immediately went up in the beginning, that peaked on the 7^th day and kept gently after. While in the observation group, there was a minimal increase in Hb and RBC in the beginning, followed by a sharp increase during 15-21 d, and peaked on the 21^th day. There was a significant difference between the observation group and the control group（P〈0.05）. While, the level of IgM, IgG rose markedly in the observation group, with a significant difference between the two groups （P〈O. 01）. Conclusion Catgut embedding treatment on bilateral Zúsānlǐ （足三里 ST 36） combined with oral administration of Huangqi Ejiao decoction （黄芪阿胶汤） can improve anemia due to blood loss after operation, and likewise increase the level of IgM and IgG.
