外喀尔巴阡山及阿尔卑斯山邻区上侏罗统-下白垩统黑色富有机质泥质沉积物——作为非常规油气勘探目标出现

对波兰喀尔巴阡山脉和阿尔卑斯山脉东部的暗色泥质沉积物的研究，表明侏罗系至下白垩统沉积物有机质含量的产生归因于全球作用和局部控制的综合影响，全球作用比如气候变化和碳酸盐补偿深度（CCD）变化，局部控制如盆地形态、陆源有机质充填和局部火山活动。盆地中发育的这些沉积物既有洋壳基底也有陆壳基底（北欧台地）。数据显示这些缺氧或弱氧化沉积物（平均总有机碳值（TOC）约2．5wt．％）在不同时间沉积于不同盆地，从晚侏罗世到巴列姆期几乎持续至塞诺曼期，30—50Ma的时间跨度，沉积厚度达到数百米。如此长的时间跨度以至于不可能准确识别著名的阿普特期和阿尔必期大洋缺氧事件（OAE）。数据说明暗色富含有机质沉积物的沉积作用不仅受控于气候和CCD改变这样的全球事件，同时也受控于盆地形态和发育、陆生植物碎屑的充填及局部火山活动等不同造成的局部事件。文中给出了一个缺氧层序实例，详细描述了原Silesian盆地的黑色沉积。部分缺氧页岩在褶皱作用和掩冲断层作用下埋藏于几千米深的地下。我们认为这些页岩代表了强烈构造变形盆地中唯一的页岩油和页岩气源岩。

亚平宁山脉

周围有狭窄滨海地带环绕的山脉,它是意大利半岛的自然骨干,对意大利人类地理学有很大的影响。亚平宁山脉呈巨弧形,从西北部靠近滨海阿尔卑斯山脉的卡迪波纳山口起,一直延伸远至西西里岛西边埃加迪群岛,总长约1,400公里（870哩）,宽度为40~200公里（25~125哩）。意大利半岛之上山脉本身的最高点为科尔诺山,高2,912公尺（9,554）。山脉远至意大利南端的卡拉布里亚,总的走向为西北-东南;然后从卡拉布里亚起,区域性走向改为先向南、后向西。

Mantle processes during ocean formation：Petrologic records in peridotites from the Alpine－Apennine ophiolites

Mantle peridotites were early exposed at the sea-floor of the Jurassic Tethys derived from the subcontinental mantle of the Europe-Adria system. During continental rifting and oceanic spreading, these lithospheric peri-dotites were percolated via diffuse reactive porous flowby melt fractions produced by near-fractional melting of the upwelling asthenosphere. Ascending melts inter-acted with the lower lithosphere, dissolving pyroxenes and precipitating olivine, and crystallized at shallower levels in the mantle column causing melt impregnation.Subsequent focused porous flow formed replacive dunitechannels, cutting the impregnated oeridotites, which were conduits for upward migration of MORB-type liq-uids. Melt migration produced depletionlrefertilization and significant heating of the percolatedlimpregnated mantle, i.e the thermochemical erosion of the litho-sphere. Impregnated and thermally modified lithos-pheric mantle was cooled by conductive heat loss dur-ing progressive lithosphere thinning and was intrudeaby MORB magmas, which formed Mg-rich and Fe-richgabbroic dykes and bodies. Alpine-Apennine ophiolitic peridotites record the deep-seated migration of melts which changed their compositions and dynamics during the rift evolution. The thermochemical erosion of the lithospheric mantle by the ascending asthenospheric melts, which induces significant compositional and rhe-ological changes in the lower lithosphere, is a major process in the evolution of the continent-ocean transi-tion towards a slow spreading oceanic system.

意大利的苹果生产概况

意大利是位于地中海中的一半岛国家,北部紧临阿尔卑斯山脉,亚平宁山脉纵贯整个半岛,整个国家以浅山丘陵为主,气候属典型的地中海式气候.果树在意大利农业中占有重要的地位,主要栽培的果树有葡萄、苹果、桃、梨和亚热带果树柑桔、橄榄等.苹果是意大利第二大果树树种,占整个意大利果树产量的10%左右,是世界上苹果十大生产国之一.本文就意大利苹果产业的概况和主要生产区的情况做简单的介绍.

西欧公路见闻

2月初,我们上三公路指挥部一行六人赴德国SBH公司执行工厂监造任务。由于工作任务的需要和主人的热情邀请,我们有幸在欧洲不同的高速公路和支线道路上行驶了几千公里,虽是走马观花,但仍然对欧洲公路建设有了深刻的感触。