AIM: The mucoprotective agents, sofalcone and polaprezinc have anti-Helicobacter pylori ( H pylori)activities. We determined the therapeutic effects of sofalcone and polaprezinc when combined with rabeprazole,amoxicil...AIM: The mucoprotective agents, sofalcone and polaprezinc have anti-Helicobacter pylori ( H pylori)activities. We determined the therapeutic effects of sofalcone and polaprezinc when combined with rabeprazole,amoxicillin and clarithromycin for Helicobacter pylori infection.METHODS: One hundred and sixty-five consecutive outpatients with peptic ulcer and H pylori infection were randomly assigned to one of the following three groups and medicated for 7 d. Group A: triple therapy with rabeprazole (10 mg twice daily), clarithromycin (200 mg twice daily) and amoxicillin (750 mg twice daily). Group B: sofalcone (100 mg thrice daily) plus the triple therapy.Group C: polaprezinc (150 mg twice daily) plus the triple therapy. Eradication was considered successful if 13C-urea breath test was negative at least 4 wk after cessation of eradication regimens or successive famotidine in the cases of active peptic ulcer.RESULTS: On intention-to-treat basis, H pyloricure wasachieved in 43 of 55 (78.2%) patients, 47 of 54 (87.0%)and 45 of 56 (80.4%) for the groups A, B and Crespectively. Using per protocol analysis, the eradication rates were 81.1% (43/53), 94.0% (47/50) and 84.9% (45/53) respectively. There was a significant difference in the cure rates between group A and B. Adverse events occurred in 10, 12 and 11 patients, from groups A, B and C respectively, but the events were generally mild.CONCLUSION: The addition of sofalcone, but not polaprezinc, significantly increased the cure rate of H pylori infection when combined with the rabeprazole-amoxicillinclarithromycin regimen.展开更多
This study focused on the influences of opioids on the generation of antibody against sheep erythrocyte in vitro, It was found that morphine. a-CAO, DADLE, MENK were able to inhibit the capacity of murine spleen cell...This study focused on the influences of opioids on the generation of antibody against sheep erythrocyte in vitro, It was found that morphine. a-CAO, DADLE, MENK were able to inhibit the capacity of murine spleen cells to generate antibody and leukotriene C4 and conversely. dynorphin was able to stimulate the capacity of murine spleen cells to generate antibody and leukotriene C4. Morphine, a-CAO, MENK, DADLE, dynorphin decreased intracellular cAMP level, increased [Ca(2+)]i and calmodulin activity. The effects were completely blocked by naloxone, the specific opioid antagonist. Our results showed that opioids regulate the production of antibody in murine spleen cells, and alter intracellular cAMP, [Ca(2+)]i calmodulin activity. and leukotriene C4 production by way of binding to different receptor types.展开更多
In the city of La Plata （Argentina） and the surroundings, there are tomato landraces, widely known as ＂tomate platense＂ and particularly prized because of their flavor. The objective was to evaluate seven promisso...In the city of La Plata （Argentina） and the surroundings, there are tomato landraces, widely known as ＂tomate platense＂ and particularly prized because of their flavor. The objective was to evaluate seven promissory lines of ＂tomate platense＂ （TL） derived from local varieties and a commercial hybrid （CH） considering yield, fruit characters and their possible associations. Nine plants per treatment were arranged in a randomized complete block design （r = 4）. The following parameters were determined： diameter （cm）, height （cm）, diameter/height （D/H） ratio, weight per fruit （g）, number of locules, the average number of fruits per plant, the average weight of fruits per plant （kg/ptant）, the yield （ton/ha） and the survival percentage. ANOVA, Tukey＇s test and Pearson correlation coefficient were applied. The TL showed greater （P ≤ 0.01） diameter, D/H ratio and number of locules than CH. In all materials, both diameter and height were associated （P ≤ 0.05） with the weight per fruit. Six of TL had greater （P ≤ 0.01） weight per fruit than HC. Respect to number of fruits per plant, weight of fruits per plant and yield, there were no significant differences among the materials. The survival for CH was lower （P ≤0.05） than that for TL. Although fruits with a smaller size and less flattened have been selected, the lines show enough similarity in these characters that identified their common origin. With the fruits smaller and more uniform, and having no joined fruits, these lines may be of interest to be cultivated under low-input system conditions and practical for low-income producers.展开更多
Monthly abundance of the subclass Copepoda was analyzed from the zooplankton samples collected at Obhur Creek, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia during December-2011 till December-2012. Zooplankton samples were collected through s...Monthly abundance of the subclass Copepoda was analyzed from the zooplankton samples collected at Obhur Creek, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia during December-2011 till December-2012. Zooplankton samples were collected through surface horizontal tows by a modified WP2 net(via. mouth diameter 50 cm, length 180 cm, 150 μm mesh size). Order Calanoida dominated the abundance with mean annual average of 75.29%. We observed abnormal protuberances on copepods, known as tumour-like anomalies(TLAs). Calanoida showed more frequent and prominent TLAs on its dorsal surface with highest mean percentage occurring during Jun. 2012(1.64%). The percentage prevalence of TLAs on the Copepoda was highest during Jun. 2012(1.36%) and least during Nov. 2012(0.03%). It is suggested that these TLAs might be caused due to the presence of potentially high levels of toxic substances, which weakens the exoskeleton and thereby making them more susceptible to infections or due to wounds from parasites or might be related to the occurrence of symbiotic tantulocarids or might be due to the radiation stress as a control measure. Whatever the reason, these TLAs have become a serious emerging threat to the aquatic food web. Our investigation is the first of its kind in the coastal waters of the Saudi Red Sea, which needs further investigations in order to elucidate the possible reasons for these abnormalities.展开更多
A universal quantitative model was developed to determine the azithromycin content in granules using near infrared （NIR） diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The diffuse reflection spectra were recorded with the integr...A universal quantitative model was developed to determine the azithromycin content in granules using near infrared （NIR） diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The diffuse reflection spectra were recorded with the integrating sphere at 8 cm-1 resolution in 4000–12 000 cm-1 spectral range. During each measurement, 32 co-added scans were performed. This quantitative model was constructed with 103 batches of azithromycin granules from 21 different manufacturers. The azithromycin content ranges from 3.0% to 24.5%. The root mean square error of prediction （RMSEP） of model was 0.613. In addition, the quantitative model was evaluated in terms of specificity, linearity, accuracy, and precision according to ICH guidelines. In conclusion, it is feasible to construct a universal quantitative model for azithromycin granules by choosing suitable training set samples and selecting an appropriate wavelength range. The quantitative model could be applied in the quick assay of azithromycin granules produced by domestic manufacturers （content： 3.0%–24.5%）.展开更多
We have developed a set of chemometric methods to address two critical issues in quality control of a precious traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）, Dong＇e Ejiao （DEE J）. Based on near infrared （NIR） spectra of m...We have developed a set of chemometric methods to address two critical issues in quality control of a precious traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）, Dong＇e Ejiao （DEE J）. Based on near infrared （NIR） spectra of multiple samples, the genuine manufacturer of DEE J, e.g. Dong＇e Ejiao Co., Ltd., was accurately identified among 21 suppliers by the fingerprint method using Hotelling T2, distance to Model X （DModX）, and similarity match value （SMV） as dis- criminate criteria. Soft independent modeling of the class analogy algorithm led to a misjudgment ratio of 6.2%, suggesting that the fingerprint method is more suitable for manufacturer identification. For another important feature related to clinical efficacy of DEE J, storage time, the partial least squares-discriminant analysis （PLS-DA） method was applied with a satisfactory misjudgment ratio （15.6%） and individual prediction error around 1 year. Our results demonstrate that NIR spectra comprehensively reflect the essential quality information of DEE J, and with the aid of proper chemometric algorithms, it is able to identify genuine manufacturer and determine accurate storage time. The overall results indicate the promising potential of NIR spectroscopy as an effective quality control tool for DEEJ and other precious TCM products.展开更多
The training set of a universal near infrared (NIR) model for quantitative analysis of a drug should cover as many samples of this drug in the market as possible. Inevitably the model may fail for new products that ha...The training set of a universal near infrared (NIR) model for quantitative analysis of a drug should cover as many samples of this drug in the market as possible. Inevitably the model may fail for new products that have different excipients and production processes. In such circumstances the model should be updated. We here propose a new strategy to iteratively update a universal NIR quantitative model for azithromycin. We prove that universal quantitative models generated from this new strategy are comparably effective for azithromycin injection powders and azithromycin tablets, compared to the strategy using hierarchical clustering method which we reported previously. Furthermore, we establish the correlation coefficient r between a new sample and the training set samples can be used to decide whether or not the model should be updated.展开更多
文摘AIM: The mucoprotective agents, sofalcone and polaprezinc have anti-Helicobacter pylori ( H pylori)activities. We determined the therapeutic effects of sofalcone and polaprezinc when combined with rabeprazole,amoxicillin and clarithromycin for Helicobacter pylori infection.METHODS: One hundred and sixty-five consecutive outpatients with peptic ulcer and H pylori infection were randomly assigned to one of the following three groups and medicated for 7 d. Group A: triple therapy with rabeprazole (10 mg twice daily), clarithromycin (200 mg twice daily) and amoxicillin (750 mg twice daily). Group B: sofalcone (100 mg thrice daily) plus the triple therapy.Group C: polaprezinc (150 mg twice daily) plus the triple therapy. Eradication was considered successful if 13C-urea breath test was negative at least 4 wk after cessation of eradication regimens or successive famotidine in the cases of active peptic ulcer.RESULTS: On intention-to-treat basis, H pyloricure wasachieved in 43 of 55 (78.2%) patients, 47 of 54 (87.0%)and 45 of 56 (80.4%) for the groups A, B and Crespectively. Using per protocol analysis, the eradication rates were 81.1% (43/53), 94.0% (47/50) and 84.9% (45/53) respectively. There was a significant difference in the cure rates between group A and B. Adverse events occurred in 10, 12 and 11 patients, from groups A, B and C respectively, but the events were generally mild.CONCLUSION: The addition of sofalcone, but not polaprezinc, significantly increased the cure rate of H pylori infection when combined with the rabeprazole-amoxicillinclarithromycin regimen.
文摘This study focused on the influences of opioids on the generation of antibody against sheep erythrocyte in vitro, It was found that morphine. a-CAO, DADLE, MENK were able to inhibit the capacity of murine spleen cells to generate antibody and leukotriene C4 and conversely. dynorphin was able to stimulate the capacity of murine spleen cells to generate antibody and leukotriene C4. Morphine, a-CAO, MENK, DADLE, dynorphin decreased intracellular cAMP level, increased [Ca(2+)]i and calmodulin activity. The effects were completely blocked by naloxone, the specific opioid antagonist. Our results showed that opioids regulate the production of antibody in murine spleen cells, and alter intracellular cAMP, [Ca(2+)]i calmodulin activity. and leukotriene C4 production by way of binding to different receptor types.
文摘In the city of La Plata （Argentina） and the surroundings, there are tomato landraces, widely known as ＂tomate platense＂ and particularly prized because of their flavor. The objective was to evaluate seven promissory lines of ＂tomate platense＂ （TL） derived from local varieties and a commercial hybrid （CH） considering yield, fruit characters and their possible associations. Nine plants per treatment were arranged in a randomized complete block design （r = 4）. The following parameters were determined： diameter （cm）, height （cm）, diameter/height （D/H） ratio, weight per fruit （g）, number of locules, the average number of fruits per plant, the average weight of fruits per plant （kg/ptant）, the yield （ton/ha） and the survival percentage. ANOVA, Tukey＇s test and Pearson correlation coefficient were applied. The TL showed greater （P ≤ 0.01） diameter, D/H ratio and number of locules than CH. In all materials, both diameter and height were associated （P ≤ 0.05） with the weight per fruit. Six of TL had greater （P ≤ 0.01） weight per fruit than HC. Respect to number of fruits per plant, weight of fruits per plant and yield, there were no significant differences among the materials. The survival for CH was lower （P ≤0.05） than that for TL. Although fruits with a smaller size and less flattened have been selected, the lines show enough similarity in these characters that identified their common origin. With the fruits smaller and more uniform, and having no joined fruits, these lines may be of interest to be cultivated under low-input system conditions and practical for low-income producers.
基金funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR) at King Abdulaziz University under grant (No. G-389-150-36)DSR for technical and financial support
文摘Monthly abundance of the subclass Copepoda was analyzed from the zooplankton samples collected at Obhur Creek, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia during December-2011 till December-2012. Zooplankton samples were collected through surface horizontal tows by a modified WP2 net(via. mouth diameter 50 cm, length 180 cm, 150 μm mesh size). Order Calanoida dominated the abundance with mean annual average of 75.29%. We observed abnormal protuberances on copepods, known as tumour-like anomalies(TLAs). Calanoida showed more frequent and prominent TLAs on its dorsal surface with highest mean percentage occurring during Jun. 2012(1.64%). The percentage prevalence of TLAs on the Copepoda was highest during Jun. 2012(1.36%) and least during Nov. 2012(0.03%). It is suggested that these TLAs might be caused due to the presence of potentially high levels of toxic substances, which weakens the exoskeleton and thereby making them more susceptible to infections or due to wounds from parasites or might be related to the occurrence of symbiotic tantulocarids or might be due to the radiation stress as a control measure. Whatever the reason, these TLAs have become a serious emerging threat to the aquatic food web. Our investigation is the first of its kind in the coastal waters of the Saudi Red Sea, which needs further investigations in order to elucidate the possible reasons for these abnormalities.
基金National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No.2010ZX09401-403)
文摘A universal quantitative model was developed to determine the azithromycin content in granules using near infrared （NIR） diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The diffuse reflection spectra were recorded with the integrating sphere at 8 cm-1 resolution in 4000–12 000 cm-1 spectral range. During each measurement, 32 co-added scans were performed. This quantitative model was constructed with 103 batches of azithromycin granules from 21 different manufacturers. The azithromycin content ranges from 3.0% to 24.5%. The root mean square error of prediction （RMSEP） of model was 0.613. In addition, the quantitative model was evaluated in terms of specificity, linearity, accuracy, and precision according to ICH guidelines. In conclusion, it is feasible to construct a universal quantitative model for azithromycin granules by choosing suitable training set samples and selecting an appropriate wavelength range. The quantitative model could be applied in the quick assay of azithromycin granules produced by domestic manufacturers （content： 3.0%–24.5%）.
基金Project supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project(No.2011ZX09201-201-10),China
文摘We have developed a set of chemometric methods to address two critical issues in quality control of a precious traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）, Dong＇e Ejiao （DEE J）. Based on near infrared （NIR） spectra of multiple samples, the genuine manufacturer of DEE J, e.g. Dong＇e Ejiao Co., Ltd., was accurately identified among 21 suppliers by the fingerprint method using Hotelling T2, distance to Model X （DModX）, and similarity match value （SMV） as dis- criminate criteria. Soft independent modeling of the class analogy algorithm led to a misjudgment ratio of 6.2%, suggesting that the fingerprint method is more suitable for manufacturer identification. For another important feature related to clinical efficacy of DEE J, storage time, the partial least squares-discriminant analysis （PLS-DA） method was applied with a satisfactory misjudgment ratio （15.6%） and individual prediction error around 1 year. Our results demonstrate that NIR spectra comprehensively reflect the essential quality information of DEE J, and with the aid of proper chemometric algorithms, it is able to identify genuine manufacturer and determine accurate storage time. The overall results indicate the promising potential of NIR spectroscopy as an effective quality control tool for DEEJ and other precious TCM products.
文摘The training set of a universal near infrared (NIR) model for quantitative analysis of a drug should cover as many samples of this drug in the market as possible. Inevitably the model may fail for new products that have different excipients and production processes. In such circumstances the model should be updated. We here propose a new strategy to iteratively update a universal NIR quantitative model for azithromycin. We prove that universal quantitative models generated from this new strategy are comparably effective for azithromycin injection powders and azithromycin tablets, compared to the strategy using hierarchical clustering method which we reported previously. Furthermore, we establish the correlation coefficient r between a new sample and the training set samples can be used to decide whether or not the model should be updated.
