The paper starts with the notions of communicative competence and communicative strategies, and proposes that communicative strategies competence, one of the four communicative competences, plays an important role in ...The paper starts with the notions of communicative competence and communicative strategies, and proposes that communicative strategies competence, one of the four communicative competences, plays an important role in improving the overall competence in communication. Meanwhile, communication strategies, which are indispensable in communicative activities, make it necessary for teachers to cultivate students＇ strategies awareness and enable them to practice communicative strategies so as to further develop their communicative strategies.展开更多
This paper reconsiders the role of L 1 pragmatic transfer on English learning after a brief historical review of the pragmatic transfer research. As pragmatic transfer is a communicative strategy which the language le...This paper reconsiders the role of L 1 pragmatic transfer on English learning after a brief historical review of the pragmatic transfer research. As pragmatic transfer is a communicative strategy which the language learners tend to use to deal with the immediate problems and difficulties in communication and to develop their pragmatic competence of the target language, the paper comes to the conclusion that foreign language teachers should consciously introduce the pragmatic transfer as a communicative strategy into the classroom teaching, and try to find effective means to cultivate their students＇ abilities of pragmatic transfer in order to develop pragmatic competence.展开更多
Based on empirical research and qualitative analysis, this paper aims to explore the effects of interlingual strategies on L2 vocabulary teaching. The results show that, during L2 vocabulary teaching process, the prop...Based on empirical research and qualitative analysis, this paper aims to explore the effects of interlingual strategies on L2 vocabulary teaching. The results show that, during L2 vocabulary teaching process, the proper application of interlingual strategies can effectively facilitate the memorization of new words, and the bilingual method （both English explanation and Chinese translation） is welcomed by most subjects. Therefore, using L1 as a means of semantization or as a tool for checking and validating L2 learners＇ understanding of word meaning should not be completely rejected, especially for adult Chinese EFL learners.展开更多
Starting with the interactive factors of relationship, this paper analyzes the interactive feature of relationship marketing within the marketing framework. Based on the interactive model of relationship marketing, th...Starting with the interactive factors of relationship, this paper analyzes the interactive feature of relationship marketing within the marketing framework. Based on the interactive model of relationship marketing, this paper puts forward suggestions concerning effective interactive management of relationship marketing from the organization.展开更多
English grammar teaching in college is a very challenging task, because teachers must not only consider the increase of students＇ communicative competence, but also take care of their grammar knowledge learning in th...English grammar teaching in college is a very challenging task, because teachers must not only consider the increase of students＇ communicative competence, but also take care of their grammar knowledge learning in the teaching process. This paper puts forward three teaching countermeasures based on the English grammar learning misunderstanding of college students, namely strengthen the grammar study of psychological counseling, strengthen guidance for English grammar learning method, and choose the teaching method of combination of explicit grammar and implicit grammar teaching.展开更多
This study aims to clarify the factors that form rice prices for different producing areas and brands in Japan, while ascertaining consumers＇ criteria in purchasing rice and their preference for taste in China, in or...This study aims to clarify the factors that form rice prices for different producing areas and brands in Japan, while ascertaining consumers＇ criteria in purchasing rice and their preference for taste in China, in order to establish the method to formulate an overseas marketing strategy for Japanese rice.展开更多
Studies on communication strategies （CSs） have been carried out for nearly four decades and have contributed a lot to the development of such fields as applied linguistics and second language acquisition, but they a...Studies on communication strategies （CSs） have been carried out for nearly four decades and have contributed a lot to the development of such fields as applied linguistics and second language acquisition, but they are still inadequate and there remain controversies over certain issues. Thus, more systematic and rigorous studies are needed to check or confirm the findings of some studies and further CS research from newer and broader perspectives. This paper mainly reviews the existing empirical studies from different perspectives： CS classifications and research methods, factors affecting the choices of CSs, teachablity and teaching of CSs, and effectiveness of CSs. It is aimed to provide a clear picture of research on L2 CSs and offer some suggestions for further research.展开更多
This paper, through tape-recording students' conversations with native speakers, makes an attempt to examine the use of CSs by Chinese non-English major students at postgraduate level. The results show that the st...This paper, through tape-recording students' conversations with native speakers, makes an attempt to examine the use of CSs by Chinese non-English major students at postgraduate level. The results show that the students are not competent in using CSs, which is easily seen in their heavy reliance on the L1-based strategies and appeal for assistance strategy rather than the more efficient and effective L2-based strategies. Inexperienced in oral communication and unaware of CSs, the students in general need awareness training in the use of CSs. Suggestions are then given as to how to conduct the training in terms of form, procedure and materials.展开更多
The purpose of this paper is to claim the effectiveness of applying CS (Communication Strategy) theories to the English oral communication classes. Communication strategies will help EFL (English as Foreign Language) ...The purpose of this paper is to claim the effectiveness of applying CS (Communication Strategy) theories to the English oral communication classes. Communication strategies will help EFL (English as Foreign Language) students to communicate with insufficient grammatical competence. In this paper, we consider the underlying theories on communicative competence first. Then we discuss the communication strategies as components of communicative competence. And finally we talk about how we can apply CS theories to the actual EFL classes in China.展开更多
If the purpose of language learning is communication, then improving students' communicative competence becomes an overall goal in language teaching. However, under the influence of traditional Chinese teaching me...If the purpose of language learning is communication, then improving students' communicative competence becomes an overall goal in language teaching. However, under the influence of traditional Chinese teaching methods, some teachers do not realize that one effective approach to achieving this goal is to encourage students to use communication strategies (CSs) appropriately. Research on CSs is relative inadequate in China. This paper is based on a survey of normal university English majors' perceptions of CSs. It is hoped that language teachers will derive useful insights from the result of the survey and adopt some of the suggested techniques to enhance the effective use of CSs.展开更多
This paper investigates the pricing of options written on non-traded assets and trading strategies for the stock and option in an exponential utility maximization framework.Under the assumption that the option can be ...This paper investigates the pricing of options written on non-traded assets and trading strategies for the stock and option in an exponential utility maximization framework.Under the assumption that the option can be continuously traded without friction just as the stock,a dynamic relationship between their optimal positions is derived by using the stochastic dynamic programming techniques.The dynamic option pricing equations are also established.In particular,the properties of the associated solutions are discussed and their explicit representations are demonstrated via the Feynman-Kac formula.This paper further compares the dynamic option price to the existing price notions,such as the marginal price and indifference price.展开更多
文摘The paper starts with the notions of communicative competence and communicative strategies, and proposes that communicative strategies competence, one of the four communicative competences, plays an important role in improving the overall competence in communication. Meanwhile, communication strategies, which are indispensable in communicative activities, make it necessary for teachers to cultivate students＇ strategies awareness and enable them to practice communicative strategies so as to further develop their communicative strategies.
文摘This paper reconsiders the role of L 1 pragmatic transfer on English learning after a brief historical review of the pragmatic transfer research. As pragmatic transfer is a communicative strategy which the language learners tend to use to deal with the immediate problems and difficulties in communication and to develop their pragmatic competence of the target language, the paper comes to the conclusion that foreign language teachers should consciously introduce the pragmatic transfer as a communicative strategy into the classroom teaching, and try to find effective means to cultivate their students＇ abilities of pragmatic transfer in order to develop pragmatic competence.
文摘Based on empirical research and qualitative analysis, this paper aims to explore the effects of interlingual strategies on L2 vocabulary teaching. The results show that, during L2 vocabulary teaching process, the proper application of interlingual strategies can effectively facilitate the memorization of new words, and the bilingual method （both English explanation and Chinese translation） is welcomed by most subjects. Therefore, using L1 as a means of semantization or as a tool for checking and validating L2 learners＇ understanding of word meaning should not be completely rejected, especially for adult Chinese EFL learners.
文摘Starting with the interactive factors of relationship, this paper analyzes the interactive feature of relationship marketing within the marketing framework. Based on the interactive model of relationship marketing, this paper puts forward suggestions concerning effective interactive management of relationship marketing from the organization.
文摘English grammar teaching in college is a very challenging task, because teachers must not only consider the increase of students＇ communicative competence, but also take care of their grammar knowledge learning in the teaching process. This paper puts forward three teaching countermeasures based on the English grammar learning misunderstanding of college students, namely strengthen the grammar study of psychological counseling, strengthen guidance for English grammar learning method, and choose the teaching method of combination of explicit grammar and implicit grammar teaching.
文摘This study aims to clarify the factors that form rice prices for different producing areas and brands in Japan, while ascertaining consumers＇ criteria in purchasing rice and their preference for taste in China, in order to establish the method to formulate an overseas marketing strategy for Japanese rice.
文摘Studies on communication strategies （CSs） have been carried out for nearly four decades and have contributed a lot to the development of such fields as applied linguistics and second language acquisition, but they are still inadequate and there remain controversies over certain issues. Thus, more systematic and rigorous studies are needed to check or confirm the findings of some studies and further CS research from newer and broader perspectives. This paper mainly reviews the existing empirical studies from different perspectives： CS classifications and research methods, factors affecting the choices of CSs, teachablity and teaching of CSs, and effectiveness of CSs. It is aimed to provide a clear picture of research on L2 CSs and offer some suggestions for further research.
文摘This paper, through tape-recording students' conversations with native speakers, makes an attempt to examine the use of CSs by Chinese non-English major students at postgraduate level. The results show that the students are not competent in using CSs, which is easily seen in their heavy reliance on the L1-based strategies and appeal for assistance strategy rather than the more efficient and effective L2-based strategies. Inexperienced in oral communication and unaware of CSs, the students in general need awareness training in the use of CSs. Suggestions are then given as to how to conduct the training in terms of form, procedure and materials.
文摘The purpose of this paper is to claim the effectiveness of applying CS (Communication Strategy) theories to the English oral communication classes. Communication strategies will help EFL (English as Foreign Language) students to communicate with insufficient grammatical competence. In this paper, we consider the underlying theories on communicative competence first. Then we discuss the communication strategies as components of communicative competence. And finally we talk about how we can apply CS theories to the actual EFL classes in China.
文摘If the purpose of language learning is communication, then improving students' communicative competence becomes an overall goal in language teaching. However, under the influence of traditional Chinese teaching methods, some teachers do not realize that one effective approach to achieving this goal is to encourage students to use communication strategies (CSs) appropriately. Research on CSs is relative inadequate in China. This paper is based on a survey of normal university English majors' perceptions of CSs. It is hoped that language teachers will derive useful insights from the result of the survey and adopt some of the suggested techniques to enhance the effective use of CSs.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)under Grant No.2007CB814901the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.11101215 and 61304065the Program of Natural Science Research of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China under GrantNo.12KJB110011
文摘This paper investigates the pricing of options written on non-traded assets and trading strategies for the stock and option in an exponential utility maximization framework.Under the assumption that the option can be continuously traded without friction just as the stock,a dynamic relationship between their optimal positions is derived by using the stochastic dynamic programming techniques.The dynamic option pricing equations are also established.In particular,the properties of the associated solutions are discussed and their explicit representations are demonstrated via the Feynman-Kac formula.This paper further compares the dynamic option price to the existing price notions,such as the marginal price and indifference price.
