陆子和他主持的刻书浅析

陆子和他主持的刻书浅析赵前一陆子又名子聿、子（１１７８－１２５０），字怀祖，号镜阳嗣隐。是我国南宋著名爱国诗人陆游之幼子。据《山阴陆氏族谱》记载：“以父致仕恩补官。历新喻丞、汉阳令、迁临安佥判、监登闻鼓院、司农丞、出知平江军、溧阳令、严州牧、召...

南宋江西陆子学派的形成探析

本文考察了南宋江西陆子学派形成的历史背景和过程，认为陆子学派的产生与两宋的政治状拳、文教政策、经济状况、文化繁荣及陆九渊的个人素质和努力密切相关，陆子学派在陆九渊的教学过程中形成、在辩论中发展、在讨论会讲中巩固。

《全宋文》补遗

《全宋文》的编辑出版,为推动宋代文史乃至中华学术的研究,功不可没;然因宋文传载庞杂,偶有遗漏也在情理之中。今据宋元地方志补出《全宋文》既未载其文,又失收其人的4人7文,分别是:丘崈《东冶亭记》,刘叔向《重建白下桥记》《重建镇淮桥记》,陆子遹《溧阳县题名记》《除妖害记》《溧阳县均赋役记》和陈珏《东厅续题名记》;并结合相关史料对丘崈谥号是文定而非忠定、刘叔向家世、唐朝至宋代推官制度的历史演进、俞文豹《吹剑录外集》所录陆子遹事迹材料的讹误和两宋科举恩科"特奏名"发展的趋势特征进行了考辨。

First-principle Study of AunSc （n=2-13） Clusters

The geometries, stabilities, electronic, and magnetic properties of AunSc clusters have been systematically investigated by density functional theory. The lowest energy structures of AunSc favor planar structure and the doped Sc atom does not disturb the frame of Aun clusters with n≤11. For n≥12, Sc atom is fully encapsulated by the Au cages. From the analysis of the second-order energy difference, the fragmentation energies, vertical ionization potential, vertical electron affinity, and HOMO-LUMO gap, the clusters with odd Au atoms possess relatively higher stabilities than their neighbor size. The doping of Sc atom can greatly improve the stability and change the sequence of chemical activity for Aun. For n≤11, the total magnetic moments of AunSc appear the alternation between 0.00 and 1.00 μB. The total magnetic moments are quenched when Sc is trapped into the Au cages with n≥12.

《正谊堂全书》本《问学录》删节问题研究

清代陆陇其《问学录》在理学传播史上占有重要的地位,是陆陇其宗述朱子理学的代表性著作。该书结成后,在陆陇其生前未能刊印,后出现多个版本。其中,张伯行于康熙四十七年刊刻的《正谊堂全书》本《问学录》较之原本在篇幅上有大量删节,而光绪十六年《陆子全书》本可见《问学录》原本全貌。陆陇其撰辑此书的宗旨是“嘉、隆以来阳儒阴释之学,悉抉其疑似而剖其是非”,力辟姚江之学以尊朱子。张伯行刊刻是书时,自谓“特删去其辨难牵引之太繁者”,原书著录250条,《正谊堂全书》本共删去108条。学界对于《问学录》这两种版本现象尚未予以关注,有必要对此书删节一事加以探析。

陆贾的经济思想

一陆贾及其著作《新语》陆贾是汉初的思想家和外交家。他生活的年代约在公元前246——166年之间,亦即生于战国末期,终于西汉文帝中期。他原居楚地,大约四十岁时,以客卿身份跟随汉高帝刘邦定天下;常在刘邦左右谈论诗书和治国方法,以能言善辩著称。他还替汉朝廷做些外交和民族事务方面的工作,甚得高帝和文帝的好评,官拜太中大夫。晚年辞官退隐。

Obtaining High Pest_resistant Transgenic Upland Cotton Cultivars Carrying cry1Ac3 Gene Driven by Chimeric OM Promoter

Hypocotyl segments from aseptic seedlings of two important cultivars of upland cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) in Northwest China, 'Xinluzao_1', 'Jinmian_7', 'Jinmian_12' and 'Jihe_321' were transformed respectively by two efficient plant expression plasmids pBinMoBc and pBinoBc via Agrobacterium tumefaciens . In pBinMoBc, cry 1Ac3 gene, which encodes the Bt toxin, is under the control of chimeric OM promoter. In pBinoBc, it is under control of CaMV 35S promoter. After co_cultivation with Agrobacterium tumefimpfaciens LBA4404 (containing pBinMoBc or pBinoBc), kanamycin_resistant selection, somatic embryos were induced and regenerated plants were obtained. Then the regenerated plantlets were grafted to untransformed stocks in greenhouse to produce descendants. The integration of cry 1Ac3 gene and its expression in T 2 generation of transgenic cotton plants were confirmed by Southern hybridization and Western blotting. The analyses of insect bioassay indicated that the transgenic plants of both constructions have significant resistance to the larvae of cotton bollworm ( Heliothis armigera ) and that cry 1Ac3 gene driven by chimeric OM promoter could endue T 2 generation cotton with high pest_resistant ability, implicating that it has a profound application in genetic engineering to breed new pest_resistant cotton varieties.

Comparison of Semen Quality and Spermadhesins' m RNA Expression between Luchuan and Exotic Boars

Spermadhesins,as the most important components of boar semen seminoproteins,play a regulatory role in sperm motility,sperm capacitation and sperm-ovum fusion.In order to study the fertility differences among different boar breeds,the sperm motility,sperm viability and sperm deformity,as well as the spermadhesins＇ m RNA expression in fresh semen of Luchuan,Landrace and Duroc boars were compared.The results showed that the sperm motility and viability of Luchuan boar showed no significant differences with those of Landrace and Duroc boars（P〉 0.05）,but its sperm deformity was significantly lower than those of the other two exotic breeds（P〈0.01）;no significant differences were found in the m RNA expression levels of spermadhesins between Luchuan and Landrace,Duroc boars（P〉0.05）,excepting that the m RNA expression level of AQN1 in Luchuan boar semen was significantly lower than that in Duroc boar semen（P〈0.05）;the m RNA expression levels of AQN3,AWN and PSP-II in Landrace boar semen were significantly higher than those in Duroc boar semen（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）.In short,there were significant differences in the m RNA expression levels of spermadhesins among different pig breeds,which showed no significant correlations with the differences in sperm motility,viability and deformity.

China＇s New Nationalism and Its Obscene Core

This paper examines the recent current of nationalism in China's Mainland. It takes not only nationalist intellectual texts written by Wang Xiaodong and other ＂Say-no Club＂ members into critical scrutiny, but also nationalistic sentiments frequently appeared on the Chinese web and streets since the late 1990s. The findings of the analyses proffered by this paper are expected to enhance not only the understanding of today＇s China and Chinese nationalism as a localized and ＂embedded＂ discourse/phenomenon, but also, hopefully, that of nationalism and its generative and operational mechanism in general--nationalism is an ＂obscene discourse＂ and operates in the fantastic ground while producing real violence.

Land Use and Land Management during the Past Century Determine Mangrove Dynamics in Northwestern Puerto Rico： the Case of the Maracayo Mangrove

Political and economic decisions have determined throughout the history of Puerto Rico land use for agriculture, livestock and urban sprawl. Knowing this, this study is imperative to understand how these changes caused by the various uses and management affected adjoining wetlands. It is hypothesized that these changes affected the hydrology of the area, resulting in increased salinity, providing the right niche for the development of current mangrove. The resources used were aerial photographs, oral history, a report done in 1979 by the Department of Natural and Environmental Resources of the Government of Puerto Rico and analyses of salinity, pH and conductivity of soils in three different sites. The conclusion of this study was that the wetland underwent changes in ecosystem composition by ambitious elimination of sand dunes due to hydrological changes and marine effects. The oral history confirms the presence of springs in the past and present. Salinity intrusion was documented in those springs in the 1979 report due to land use change and elimination of sand dunes, changing the habitat, therefore allowing a mangrove community to be established. The continuity of ecophysiological and hydrogeological studies of the area will allow for a predictive understanding of how the mangrove wetland will continue developing.

Comprehensive Appraisal of Provincial Low Carbon Development:A Case Study of China

In this research,the Factor Analysis model of measuring provincial low carbon development in China has been constructed.Based on data from 30 provinces,an empirical study was developed to measure comprehensive low carbon development using the Factor Analysis model(Principal Components method and Normalized Varimax Rotation).The results reveal that the provincial marks of low carbon development are generally low and only nine provinces have high marks(more than 0.80).The results also show significant regional disparity.The provincial marks of the eastern region are higher than both the middle and western provinces of China's Mainland.All of the provinces with high marks(more than 0.90) are located in the eastern region,and those with the lowest marks(0.60) are located in the middle region.Furthermore,regional disparity in low carbon development follows the same pattern as economic development in China.Finally,some suggestions for decision-makers are presented.

Efflux Estimate of Greenhouse Effect Gases in Three Different Forest Formations and the Influence of Soil

In carbon global cycle, the relationship between the terrestrial ecosystem and the atmosphere where there are, among others, gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect, has become object of relevant scientific interest. The content of organic matter in soil, expressed by its supplies as well as the organic matter degree of stability, are factors that can prevent the soil from acting as a drain and at the same time contribute for it to become a source of those gases. The variations in the way land is used in Brazil are factors responsible for the increase in emission of greenhouse effect gases. Based on these facts, this study was aimed to evaluate the CO2 and CH4 efflux using a gas retention chamber, and to associate these emissions to the organic carbon content in the soil. Two different areas were selected for the study, one in Tijuca Forest National Park, in a forest area, and the other at the Rio de Janeiro Federal Rural University campus. In the latter, the area was stratified in three sub areas according to the vegetation, use and water saturation degree. Samplings were performed during 8 months between 2013 and 2014.

四库本《新语》与弘治本、王利器校本之比较——认识《四库全书》版本价值一例

由于工作需要,笔者将<四库全书>本(四库本)<新语>先与弘治年间所刻、由李廷梧整理的本子(弘治李本)作了比较,然后将四库本<新语>与中华书局出王校本(王本)作了比较.结果发现,四库本比较谨慎地保持着原貌,与弘治刻本优劣相当,而王本的情况则不如人意.

青铜乐血花

北宋宣和五年,徽宗皇帝命人依宫中舞女形象铸成九座青铜乐钟,置于东京(今开封)皇城的万岁山上。一时间宫墙里钟声悠悠,宫墙外余音袅袅。不及两年,金兵攻破宋都,徽、钦二帝和国宝乐钟落在女真人手里。大批汉人舍家南逃,北宋亡。此后,这些南逃到临安的东京旧民就生活在亲人离散、南北隔绝、战乱频仍的凄惶里,就生活在盼回归故土、盼江山一统的岁月中。

Zircon U/Pb dating and Hf-O isotopes of the Zhouan ultramafic intrusion in the northern margin of the Yangtze Block,SW China:Constraints on the nature of mantle source and timing of the supercontinent Rodinia breakup

The Zhouan ultramafic intrusion in the northern margin of the Yangtze Block is mainly composed of lherzolite. Zircon grains selected from lherzolite are irregular in shape with distinct oscillatory and sector zoning and have Th/U ratios ranging from 0.8 to 10.6, indicating a magmafic origin. The weighted average 206pb/238U age is 637±4 Ma （2σ, n=15）, which can be considered as the crystallization age of the Zhouan intrusion. Zircon grains have δ18O values ranging from 5.2‰to 7.0‰, with an averaged value of 5.8±0.4‰（1 or, n=33）, similar to the mantle δ18O value of zircon. Their 176Hf/177Hf（t） ratios range from 0.282410 to 0.282594 with εHf（t） values ranging from 1.3 to 7.6, lower than the corresponding value of the depleted mantle （~15）, indicating an enriched mantle source. The enriched mantle source may have generated from a metasomatized lithospheric mantle with subducted slab. A number of -635 Ma mafic-ultramafic intrusions in the Suizao basin are associated with coeval bimodal volcanics of the Yaolinghe Formation, indicating a continental rift setting. The ~635 Ma magmafic event in this region may represent the product of the last breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent in the northern margin of the Yangtze Block at Neoproterozoic.

Variations in leaf characteristics of three species of angiosperms with changing of altitude in Qilian Mountains and their inland high-altitude pattern

In this study, 39 leaf samples of three angiosperms （Betula albo-sinensis, tree species; and Caragana jubata and Berberis diaphana, shrub species） were collected in the middle-east parts at 2300-3640 m asl of the Qilian Mountains to study the varia- tions of leaf characteristics of angiosperms with altitude change in inland high-altitude regions of China. Five leaf indexes, viz. epidermal cell density （ED）, stomatal density （SD）, stomatal index （SI）, leaf vein density （VD） and carbon isotopic ratio （c^13C） were analyzed in laboratory. The results show that there are significant or even very significant linear correlations between the five indexes and altitude, of which SD, SI and VD exhibit a negative correlation with altitude, while ED and Ot3C exhibit a positive correlation with altitude. Such a correlation assemblage is quite different from the situation in the low-altitude humid environment. Generally, only an assemblage of positive correlations can be observed between the indexes （viz. SD, SI and （~3C, etc.） and the altitude in the low-altitude humid environment, which were caused mainly by the plants＇ responses to the change of atmospheric CO2 concentration （Co）. However, an assemblage of the negative and positive correlations found here may be attributed mainly to the plants＇ responses to the change of physiological drought caused by change of low temperature, and here it is preliminarily called the inland high-altitude pattern of plant leaf variations.

Potential Contribution of Combined Atmospheric Ca^(2+) and Mg^(2+) Wet Deposition Within the Continental U.S. to Soil Inorganic Carbon Sequestration

Soil inorganic carbon （SIC） stocks continuously change from the formation of pedogenic carbonates, a process requiring inputs of Ca2＋ and Mg2＋ ions. This study ranked the soil orders in terms of potential inorganic carbon sequestration resulting from wet Ca2＋ and Mg2＋ deposition from 1994 to 2003 within the continental United States. The analysis revealed that average annual atmospheric wet deposition of Ca2＋ and Mg2＋ was the highest in the Central Midwest-Great Plains region, likely due to soil particle input from loess-derived soils. The soil orders receiving the highest total average annual atmospheric wet Ca2＋ and Mg2＋ deposition, expressed as potential inorganic carbon formation （barring losses from erosion and leaching）, were： 1） Mollisols （1.1 × 10^8 kg C）, 2） Alfisols （8.4 × 10^7 kg C）, 3） Entisols （3.8 × 10^7 kg C）, and 4） Aridisols （2.8 × 10^7 kg C）. In terms of area-normalized result, the soil orders were ranked： 1） Histosols （73 kg C km-2）, 2） Alfisols and Vertisols （64 kg C km-2）, 3） Mollisols （62 kg C km-2）, and 4） Spodosols （52 kg C kin-2）. The results of this study provide an estimate of potential soil inorganic carbon sequestration as a result of atmospheric wet Ca2＋ and Mg2＋ deposition, and this information may be useful in assessing dynamic nature of soil inorganic carbon pools.

Early Mesozoic structural deformation in the Chuandian N-S Tectonic Belt,China

The Helan-Chuandian N-S Tectonic Belt is a mantle transitional belt in China. The southem part, forming the Chuandian N-S Tectonic Belt, comprises several tectonic systems, each displaying different characteristics. The Chuandian N-S Tectonic Belt along the western margin of yangtze Block is a strike-slip tectonic belt with a series of echelon left-lateral slip faults. The strike-slip fault systems experienced two stages of structural deformation： early NW-SE striking thrust faults formed under a NE-SW compression stress field, and later sinistral strike-slip structures formed along thrust faults under a NW-SE compression stress field. Mesozoic basins developed between the left-lateral slip faults. Sedimentary facies and paleocurrent directions indicate that basin development was controlled by the strike-slip faults. The oldest strata in the Chuandian N-S Tectonic Belt constrain its formation to early Mesozoic. In fact, The slip tectonic belt formed by clockwise rotation and north-directed subduction-collision of the Yangtze Block in Late Triassic-Jurassic. The strike-slip faults that developed within the belt also formed at this time.

Constraining quantitatively the timing and process of continent-continent collision using magmatic record： Method and examples

Based on the main driving force of plate motion(the slab pull force generated by the descent of the oceanic plate in subduction zones) and the three primary mechanisms for magma generation(adding fluid, increasing temperature, and decreasing pressure), the continent-continent collisional process has been divided into three stages, including initial collision, ongoing collision, and tectonic transition. These stages are characterized by normal calc-alkaline andesitic magma(dehydration of the oceanic crust to release fluids), the migration of calc-alkaline magma toward the trench(dehydration of the oceanic crust or an increase in temperature) or small-scale crust-derived peraluminous magma(heat from intra-crustal shearing), and extensive magmatism with compositional diversity induced by slab break-off(increasing temperature and decreasing pressure), respectively.On the basis of the obtained age of slab break-off, the timing of the initial continent-continent collision can be quantitatively back-dated using the convergence rate, depth of slab break-off, and subduction angle. The spatio-temporal migration of the magmatic activity of the Gangdese Batholith, the onset of magmatic flare-up, and the increase of magma temperature at 52–51Ma documented by the volcanic rocks of the Linzizong Pana Formation were most likely the result of the break-off of the Yarlung-Zangbo Neo-Tethyan oceanic lithosphere at approximately 53 Ma. This proposed age of slab break-off suggests that the initial India-Asia collision likely occurred at approximately 55–54 Ma, which is consistent with the collision ages constrained by other abundant geological data(60–55 Ma). This magmatic method has been applied to the Bitlis orogenic belt in southern Turkey in the Arabia-Eurasia continental collision zone, yielding an age range of approximately 29–22 Ma for the initial Arabia-Asia continental collision that is close to the collision ages recently obtained by apatite fission-track dating(approximately20 Ma) and regional tectonic shortening(approximately 27 Ma). The intense folding of the Upper Cretaceous and the angular unconformity between the overlying Linzizong volcanic rocks in the southern Lhasa Terrane(90.69 Ma) are not related to the initial continental collision between India and Asia, but can be interpreted as the consequences of the strong coupling between the hot and young subducting oceanic crust immediately south of the spreading ridge and the overriding lithosphere or the subduction of the Neo-Tethys oceanic plateaux or seamounts. The tectonic event documented by the angular unconformity between the Linzizong Dianzhong Formation and the Nianbo Formation lasted approximately 3 Ma and likely marks the initial India-Asia collision. The significant deceleration of the Indian continent at approximately 51 Ma can be attributed to the disappearance of the slab pull force in the subduction zone due to the break-off of the Yarlung-Zangbo Neo-Tethyan oceanic lithosphere. The descent of the eclogitized lower crust of the northern Indian continent provides the main driving force for the current northward motion of Indian plate. The weak deformation of the lithospheric plate in the overriding plate of the India-Asia collisional zone between 60 and 40 Ma can be attributed to the high-angle subduction related to the rollback of the Yarlung-Zangbo Neo-Tethyan oceanic lithosphere after the initial India-Asia continental collision, the presence of the thick crust and high elevation on the southern margin of the Lhasa Terrane, and the decoupling between the mid-upper and lower crust and between the lower crust and lithospheric mantle of the Indian continent.